120589 research outputs found
Sort by
Perder y hacer mundos: desprendimientos subjetivos y literarios en cuatro novelas hispanoamericanas post-1989
No full textEn esta tesis, sostengo que en un corpus de novelas hispanoamericanas que tratan diferentes tipos de desplazamientos geográficos podemos leer formas de perder mundos y, al mismo tiempo, para llenar el vacío que sería insoportable e inconcebible, formas de hacer mundos. Considero perder mundos como la experiencia desgarradora contemporánea del inminente colapso del mundo, no sólo debido a la globalización y la pérdida de la comunidad, sino también a través de la pérdida de un lugar que sirve de contexto para la experiencia fenomenológica de concebir el mundo. Sin embargo, esta experiencia de pérdida de mundo no sólo es trágica, en el sentido de que el sujeto no la sufre pasivamente, sino que también sugiere un deseo de compensar estas pérdidas. Así pues, hacer mundos implica el gesto más sutil de leer el mundo deseado o previsto en nuestros textos. Además, sostengo que estas formas de perder y hacer mundos implican una serie de desprendimientos subjetivos y literarios. En esta tesis, utilizaré el término desprendimiento de la teoría decolonial para referirme a una forma de abandono de las ideas y matrices que subyacen a las nociones clave de esta tesis: mundo, literatura, subjetividad. Por lo tanto, con desprendimiento subjetivo me refiero a la forma en que los narradores se desprenden de los modelos del sujeto moderno, es decir, conciben sujetos que desafían la noción de sujeto inspirada en la racionalidad moderna. En esta tesis se sostiene los narradores que despliegan este desprendimiento subjetivo buscan una redefinición del punto de vista desde el que se constituye el sujeto y lo “humano”, es decir, buscan una forma de subjetividad que les vuelva a conectar con el mundo y con otras formas de vida. Sostengo además que estos desprendimientos subjetivos, generalmente provocados por la experiencia que denomino perder mundos, tienen un correlato en las propuestas literarias de las novelas. Este correlato es denominado desprendimientos literarios, es decir, la manera en que los textos se desprenden de una noción de literatura enraizada en la noción de autonomía literaria. El plural nos indica que existen varios modos de desprenderse, de desafiar la noción de literatura.
Las novelas del corpus son: Amuleto (1999) de Roberto Bolaño, Tres ataúdes blancos (2010) de Antonio Ungar, Los ingrávidos (2011) de Valeria Luiselli y Distancia de rescate (2014) de Samantha Schweblin. En estas, los procesos económicos y culturales que atañen a la región y modifican las vidas de sus habitantes son pensados en su dimensión global. El marco temporal post-1989 nos permite estudiar la manera en que estas narrativas proponen una “mundialidad” vinculada a discursos sobre el fin de la bipolaridad en la economía y en la cultura, y sobre las diferentes crisis –económicas, climáticas, migratorias– que caracterizan el mundo actual.</p
Comparing effects of episodic future thinking and cue salience to improve different types of prospective memory in typically developing school-age children
No full textExploring the Physiological, Behavioral and Molecular Diversity of Reproductive Strategies in Drosophilids
No full textResearch on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has revealed that Seminal Fluid Proteins (SFPs) from males trigger Post-Mating Responses (PMRs) in females, impacting everything from egg production and lifespan to circadian activity. The Male Accessory Gland (MAG) produces these SFPs, with Sex Peptide (SP) being a key initiator of PMRs, produced in the Main Cells (MCs) of the MAG. However, Secondary Cells (SCs) within the MAG are crucial for maintaining these responses by binding SP to sperm, allowing for extended triggering of the PMRs.
My research explored the evolution of PMRs across the Drosophilidae family. We observed that Sophophora species, including D. melanogaster, have smaller MAGs with fewer SCs compared to other species, suggesting an evolutionary divergence. We also developed DrosoVAM, a new video-based monitoring system, to study fly behavior, particularly circadian activity changes after mating.
Focusing on D. hydei, a species lacking SP but with many SCs, we found significantly different PMRs. Unlike D. melanogaster, mating in D. hydei doesn't reduce female receptivity and only causes a temporary burst in egg-laying. Interestingly, we identified a novel long-term PMR in D. hydei. Mated females show a striking reduction in nighttime activity, restricted to areas near food. These findings challenge the general assumption that the reproductive strategy of D. melanogaster is a general truth by exposing the radically different reproductive strategy used by D. hydei, and highlighting the importance of SCs in their reproductive biology.</p
Hypertension artérielle : nouveautés 2025 en médecine de premier recours
No full textHypertension is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Its prevalence increases with age, and it affects approximately one in three adults, 50% of whom are undiagnosed. Moreover, only half of diagnosed patients receive drug treatment. Of those, half achieve the recommended blood pressure targets. Hypertension is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly due to its cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal complications. The role of the primary care physician is central in the screening, primary and secondary prevention, treatment initiation, and overall management of hypertensive patients. This article aims to assist primary care physicians by summarizing the main changes and new developments resulting from the latest European guidelines.L’hypertension artérielle est le facteur de risque cardiovasculaire modifiable le plus important. Sa prévalence augmente avec l’âge et elle touche environ un adulte sur trois, dont 50 % ne sont pas diagnostiqués. De plus, seule la moitié des patients diagnostiqués bénéficie d’un traitement médicamenteux. Parmi eux, la moitié seulement atteint les cibles tensionnelles recommandées. L’hypertension artérielle est responsable d’une morbimortalité significative, notamment par ses complications cardio- et cérébrovasculaires, ainsi que rénales. Le rôle du médecin de premier recours est central en matière de dépistage, de prévention primaire et secondaire, d’instauration du traitement et de prise en charge globale des patients hypertendus. Cet article vise à aider les médecins de première ligne en résumant les principales nouveautés des dernières recommandations européennes
Analogues du GLP-1 dans le traitement du diabète de type 2 et de l’obésité : la panacée ?
No full textMalgré une perte musculaire importante, la composition musculaire pourrait s'améliorer.</p
Luxurieren mit sich selbst. Notwendiger Überfluss in der Literatur der Aufklärung
No full textDie Dissertation untersucht erstens die europäische Luxusdiskussion im 18. Jahrhundert im Hinblick auf die Denkfiguren, in denen luxurierende Praktiken verstanden wurden, und überträgt diese Ergebnisse in einem zweiten Schritt auf die Diskussion von Praktiken in der deutschsprachigen Literatur der Aufklärung, die mit Luxus assoziiert wurden: Onanie, Alkoholkonsum und Lektüre
Development of Chemo-biological Workflows Integrating <i>in silico</i> Approaches to Identify Anti-infective Natural Products of Plant Origin
No full textNatural products (NPs) have long been used for their pharmacological properties, to cure a range of different ailments. From the ancient and traditional uses of natural extracts (NEs) to the first isolation of a NP over 200 years ago, NPs have consistently delivered new therapeutic solutions. They have had a paradigm-changing effect on the fight against infectious diseases, especially after the first isolation of penicillin in 1940. In that context, tuberculosis has been a particular burden for centuries, one which has been greatly reduced thanks to antibiotics of natural origin. Over time though, bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics, which prompted a need for new therapeutic solutions such as anti-infective agents that target malignant bacteria more selectively. This thesis focuses on isolating anti-infective agents through a collaboration with the Soldati lab (University of Geneva) that has developed an in cellulo growth assay in which Mycobacterium marinum is infecting the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. The source of chemical diversity used was a collection of 1600 NEs obtained through a collaboration with the company Pierre Fabre®. One of the main objectives of the thesis was to transform the content of this NEs collection into a virtual chemical library that could be explored. In-silico tools have been used to achieve this goal, alongside mass spectrometry based high-resolution metabolite profiling methods together with molecular networks. HPLC bioactivity profiling and advanced chromatographic techniques were also used at various scales, with the end goal always being the isolation of bioactive NPs. All data generated was also systematically organized in a knowledge graph framework in partnership with the Swiss institute of bioinformatics (SIB). This innovative way of connecting heterogeneous data in a semantic-web format (resource description framework, RDF) was used as a proof-of-concept to help NE prioritization. SPARQL queries were developed to search across diverse RDF datasources gathered in the KG to make rational decisions in the isolation of bioactive NPs. Complementary biological activity assessments were carried out on a case-by-case basis, in order to deepen the understanding of the biological processes involved in the observed anti-infective effects. These tests included bacterial growth assays on other types of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) as well as pro-metabolic assays (lipid droplet behavior, propidium iodide staining and autophagy) that were carried out. In addition to bio-guided isolations, chemically informed extract selections were used to direct the isolation of anti-infective agents. A total of 115 NPs with various degrees of anti-infective activities have been isolated from extracts of 21 different plant parts during the course of the thesis. Synthetic and hemi-synthetic derivatization were also elaborated to improve the activity patterns based on promising scaffolds. Complete structural elucidation was carried out using NMR, HRMS/MS and circular dichroism to confidently establish the chemical structures of NPs up to the assignment of their absolute stereochemistry. This set of NPs contains a number of different chemical scaffolds highlighted as potential anti-infectives that are likely to have a range of different mechanisms of action
Addictions : ce qui a changé en 2024
No full textAddiction medicine is confronting challenges brought about by changes in our modern world, including shifts in the drug market and the increasing digitalization of our environments. This article highlights some of these challenges and explores potential strategies to address them. The field is also advancing through robust research momentum in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Additionally, the rapid growth of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and artificial intelligence-driven research demonstrates the integration of cutting-edge technologies into addiction medicine, with the potential to transform clinical practice in the years ahead.La médecine des addictions est amenée à relever les défis relatifs aux changements du monde dans lequel nous vivons, telles que les transformations du marché des drogues mais aussi la digitalisation croissante de nos environnements. Une partie des nouveautés présentées dans cet article exposent certains de ces défis et des possibles manières de les relever. La discipline bénéficie par ailleurs d’une forte dynamique de recherche dans le champ des psychothérapies assistée par psychédéliques. L’expansion importante des approches de stimulation cérébrale non invasive et les recherches qui s’appuient sur l’intelligence artificielle illustrent l’intégration des technologies les plus récentes dans le domaine de la médecine des addictions, avec à la clé, de probables transformations pour la clinique des prochaines années
Traitements pharmacologiques de l’obésité : que nous réserve l’avenir ?
No full textLes avancées pharmacologiques récentes, illustrées par des molécules comme le sémaglutide 2,4 mg et le tirzépatide, ont transformé la prise en charge de l’obésité. De nouvelles molécules innovantes, basées notamment sur des hormones entéro-pancréatiques clés telles que le glucagon-like peptide 1, le polypeptide insulinotrope dépendant du glucose, le glucagon et l’amyline, sont en cours d’étude pour une utilisation en monothérapie ou en différentes combinaisons. D’autres thérapies ciblant d’autres voies, comme la voie leptine-mélanocortine, sont également en cours de développement. Les premiers résultats concernant la perte de poids sont prometteurs, mais des études à long terme sont encore nécessaires pour évaluer leur sécurité et leur efficacité durable. Ces nouveaux médicaments doivent s’intégrer dans une prise en charge globale, où les modifications du style de vie restent incontournables pour garantir des résultats durables et optimaux.Recent pharmacological advances, illustrated by molecules such as semaglutide 2,4 mg and tirzepatide, have transformed the management of obesity. New innovative molecules, based in particular on key entero-pancreatic hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and amylin, are currently being studied as monotherapies or in various combinations. Other therapies targeting other pathways, such as the leptin-melanocortin pathway, are also in development. Initial results regarding weight loss are promising, but long-term studies are needed to assess their safety and lasting efficacy. These medications must be part of an overall management approach in which lifestyle changes remain essential to ensure lasting, optimal results