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Increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2: developing an intervention from theory to acceptability
Get PDFBackground. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both mother and child, but rates of initiation and duration amongst women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 are low. Few interventions aiming to increase breastfeeding in this group have been successful; likely because existing interventions do not target psychological factors. Therefore, this study aimed to design and explore the acceptability of a newly developed psychological intervention to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Methods. The Medical Research Council’s Complex Intervention Development Framework was followed to design the intervention. A ‘breastfeeding workbook’ was developed, based on literature and psychological theory, and filled with tailored information and activities. A Patient and Public Involvement group of women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who had breastfed, health professionals and researchers were consulted throughout the process, selecting the intervention content, format and delivery methods. Thirteen women with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 then reviewed the workbook and took part in in-depth qualitative interviews to assess its acceptability. Thematic analysis was conducted, informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability version 2. Results. The findings reveal the intervention is acceptable to the target population; women believe the intervention shows promise for increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration, is representative of their experiences, is accessible, and aligns with their belief system. They valued that the intervention provided realistic expectations of breastfeeding, options to overcome the challenges of breastfeeding in the real-world and supported them to breastfeed without inducing stigma or shame regarding their weight or infant feeding practices. Suggestions for improvement are also included, such as incorporating audio and video content as alternatives to written text and translation options. Conclusions. An acceptable, psychological intervention was developed to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with BMIs ≥30 kg/m2. These findings can inform maternity and breastfeeding care, future research directions and intervention development
Climate transparency's unmet promises: A necessary stocktaking
Get PDF'First paragraph' The launch of the Paris Agreement’s enhanced transparency framework (ETF) in 2024 has been heralded with much fanfare. At the latest meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Baku, Azerbaijan, slogans calling for all countries to engage in a timely manner with the ETF were plastered all over the venue
Identifying innovative approaches to the temporal availability of alcohol in Great Britain—a policy analysis
Get PDFBackground In Great Britain, local authorities responsible for alcohol premises licensing produce a statement of licensing policy setting out how they intend to exercise their statutory licensing functions including on trading hours. We aimed to describe and compare these policies on alcohol trading hours, including their interpretation and application of laws and guidance. Methods Policies were obtained from the websites of all 366 local licensing authorities and uploaded to NVivo. Using content analysis, relevant text was located through manual searching and coded inductively. Results Many local authorities do not explicitly seek to place controls on trading hours, while others create complex circumstances under which extended hours may be granted. Setting out core or matrix hours is the best example in the findings of local authorities applying their limited discretion to implement the law in ways that suit their needs. Conclusion Although licensing is ostensibly a policy system devolved to local areas, power remains at the centre in national legislation and guidance. Resultantly, local discretion is highly constrained especially in England/Wales. There is a need to attend to the details of statutory instruments to understand how headline principles and objectives can be made workable in practice for local authorities and boards
Duties of persons with disabilities under the African disability rights protocol: a sceptical argument
Get PDFAlthough the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Persons with Disability 2018 (‘African disability rights protocol’) is inspired by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 (CRPD), it departs from it by grounding disability rights in an African philosophy of human rights. It achieves this in various ways, particularly by assigning duties to people with disabilities, which is generally uncharacteristic of disability human rights discourse. This article explores what the allocation of these duties implies for people with disabilities. It argues that whilst such recognition may uphold the equal humanity and belonging of people with disabilities, the African disability rights protocol is not sufficiently attentive to duties owed to them by other individuals. Given the widespread exclusions and injustices faced by disabled people across Africa, it is argued that the priority should be individual duties to (rather than of) people with disabilities. The significance of individual duties to people with disabilities is not only underemphasized by the African disability rights protocol but is insufficiently addressed by the CRPD and under-theorized in disability justice literature. A duty-based approach remains a significant yet an unexplored approach to disability justic
Connecting the worlds of sailing and e-sailing: the structural relationships among gaming experience, psychological variables and sport behaviour intentions
Get PDFPurpose/Rationale This study examines the relationship between virtual sport gaming experiences related to sport and subsequent sport-related behavioural intentions, specifically in the context of sailing. Design/Methodology/Approach Utilising data from 593 participants of the 'Virtual Regatta' online community, this research employs a two-step structural equation modeling approach to test hypotheses that are established based on theories and empirical results. Findings Our findings revealed significant relationships among online game identification, positive affect, satisfaction, attachment and behavioural intentions, supporting all the hypotheses. Practical implications The results suggest that sport video games can significantly influence real-world sport engagement. Sport marketers are advised to develop integrated campaigns that connect video game experiences with physical sport activities to enhance fan engagement and participation. Research contribution This study extends the existing literature by mapping the emotional and cognitive pathways through which sport gaming experiences influence fanship and media consumption, adding depth to the understanding of sport consumer behaviour in digital contexts. Originality/Value This research highlights the utility of psychological theories in explaining the impact of virtual sport gaming experiences on real-world behaviour. This provides a novel insight into the strategic integration of digital and traditional sport platforms to boost sport participation
Towards justice-oriented climate change and sustainability education: Perspectives from school teachers in England
Get PDFEducation, including school education, is widely understood as fundamental to a just response to global climate and ecological crises. We examined the practices of teachers based in England focused on climate change and sustainability education (CCSE). Analysis of survey responses from over 300 teachers found that CCSE was realised through classroom teaching as part of the official and planned curriculum. CCSE was developed through practices where knowledge was at the centre, and which were action- and community-oriented. Analysing data through the lenses of curricula justice and climate justice, we argue that whilst these practices provide a foundation for justice-oriented CCSE, they do not fully realise the aims of climate justice education which seeks to disrupt, challenge and repair colonial ways of being and thinking. Justice-oriented CCSE demands a fundamental shift in the leadership of school-based education in England at school and policy levels, so that the practices identified through this survey fully encompass ideas of climate justice. Support at policy level is essential if justice-oriented CCSE is to move beyond the scope of committed and enthusiastic individuals and become collaborative practice and a shared responsibility which extends across all educational settings.Quality Educatio
The creation of a systematic framework to assess dog laws and their relationship to societal changes in the United Kingdom
Get PDFDogs and humans have shared a complex relationship throughout history, with law serving as an important tool to manage dogs’ integration into human societies. As dogs increasingly become regarded as family members in Western countries, and as similar trends emerge globally, it is vital to understand how legislation balances the interests of stakeholders. Existing studies often focus on localised disputes and fragmented legal areas, limiting understanding of how dog-related laws interact and potentially conflict. We developed a conceptual framework to systematically analyse dog-related legislation, using the United Kingdom as a case study. Identified through a systematic search, laws were evaluated using content analysis based on the benefits provided to stakeholders, the regulated aspects of dog ownership, and whether benefits afforded to stakeholders occur in public or private spaces. We found that the greatest legislative focus was on dog welfare, dangerous dogs, and dog control, with little emphasis on areas like the breeding and sales of dogs. Eighty-two percent of laws that manage dogs in public space predominantly benefited the general public, often disadvantaging dogs and their owners, while 81% of laws that govern dogs within the home favoured dogs. Owners consistently faced legal obligations but gained few benefits. These findings highlight misalignments between the law and dogs’ evolving societal roles, potentially contributing to public space conflicts and low compliance. The framework offers a tool for cross country com-parisons and assessing legislation for other species with similarly shifting roles
Anchoring Museum Objects in the Cold War: The Hidden Meanings of a Transatlantic Telephone Cable
Get PDFThis chapter uses a piece of the first transatlantic telephone cable in the collection of National Museums Scotland to interrogate the ways in which museum objects attain significance as Cold War objects. It highlights the ways in which multiple meanings – and layers of meanings – adhere to objects at the same time. Objects not only connect these meanings, but they also exhibit elements of dissonance, noise and silence. Hence, this chapter explores the potential of the concept of anchoring, developed in the context of the history of science and technology by Christian Götter, for a Cold War museology. It offers a number of conclusions about the meaning of Cold War objects in museum collections, their collection, interpretation and display. By bringing history and museology into conversation with one another, this chapter also highlights the ways in which historians can learn through engaging with museum collections and how, in turn, museum and heritage professionals might benefit from interacting with historical scholarship
Zoledronic-acid plus neoadjuvant therapy is associated with provoking outcomes in Her2-positive breast cancer
Get PDFFirst paragraph: Dear Editor, We recently came across Mei Liu et al meta-analysis, a comprehensive study published in 2023, and wish to discuss a few aspects
Social and individual factors mediate chimpanzee vocal ontogeny
Get PDFHuman language develops in social interactions. In other ape species, the role of social learning in vocal ontogeny can be typically underappreciated, mainly because it has received little empirical attention. Here, we examine the development of pant hoot vocalisations during vocal exchanges in immature wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the Sonso community of the Budongo Forest, Uganda. We investigated how maternal gregariousness, age, sex, and social context are associated with behavioural and vocal responses to other group members’ calls. We show that the older sons of gregarious mothers are more likely to orient their attention, respond vocally to the calls of others, and are overall more exposed to others’ calls compared to other immature individuals. This effect is strongest in the presence of adult males and when their mothers also respond vocally, suggesting that chimpanzee vocal development is enhanced by social and vocal exposure. Our findings are consistent with a more flexible and socially mediated chimpanzee vocal ontogeny than previously assumed and show some parallels with animal vocal learners and children language acquisition
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