23852 research outputs found
Sort by
James Naismith: the creation of basketball and the Scottish connection
Get PDFThe influence of Scotland on the creation of basketball has not been documented. This article addresses two key themes: the links between the early development of basketball and Scotland; and how Scotland alongside the Scottishness of Naismith and his life experiences influenced the game’s creation. Through discussing the life of Dr James Naismith up until basketball was developed in 1891, this article adds to and re-imagines some of the contributions to knowledge about the creation of basketball alongside the connection of the sport and Naismith to Scotland. The article proposes that if the devisal and creation of basketball are considered through the ancestorial, communal, cultural, educational, ethnic, personal, religious, social, and sporting lenses of Naismith, basketball at its inception can be argued to have Scottish influences. These stem from the Scottish heritage of Naismith alongside his life, upbringing and experiences in Scottish settler environments that likewise influenced his own life and future. In highlighting multiple Scottish influences upon Naismith, the article outlines how Scotland in conjunction with other prevalent factors including his professional training as a physical educationist, the pioneering efforts of the Young Men’s Christian Association and the advances in muscular Christianity led to the development of basketball
Outcomes of orangutan wild-to-wild translocations reveal conservation and welfare risks
Get PDFWild orangutans (Pongo spp.) are captured and moved (wild-to-wild translocated) primarily to prevent crop foraging or out of concern for orangutans' survival in fragmented habitat. Little is known about wild-to-wild translocation frequency, circumstances, and possible species conservation and individual welfare outcomes. We investigated orangutan wild-to-wild translocations in Indonesia from 2005 to 2022 using primarily data from public sources and consultation with practitioners. At least 988 wild orangutans were captured for translocation during the study period, including many reproductively valuable resident females and adult males removed from unprotected fragmented forests and forest patches. Data on health condition (n = 808) indicated 81.7% were reported as healthy at time of capture. Information on post-capture disposition (n = 268) showed that only 23% were translocated immediately. Mean estimated killing combined with reported translo-cation removals was calculated to affect 3.3% of orangutans in Kalimantan, and 11.6% in Sumatra, both higher than the threshold of mortality from human actions expected to drive populations to extinction. Negative impacts are likely compounded where multiple individuals are translocated from the same area, and for the Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis), which has the smallest population and range of all orangutan species. Data on reasons for capture (n = 743) indicated most translocations (69%) were conducted to address crop foraging and orangutan presence in or around croplands and plantations. Forest cover analysis around 104 orangutan capture sites with high resolution spatial information indicated that deforestation levels in the year preceding capture were not significantly associated with likelihood of captures for translocation. To improve conservation outcomes, wild-to-wild translocations should be used only in exceptional circumstances. Most orangutans.PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317862 March 19, 2025 1 / 26 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Sherman J, Voigt M, Ancrenaz M, Meijaard E, Oram F, Williamson EA, et al. (2025) Outcomes of orangutan wild-to-wild translocations reveal conservation and welfare risks. PLoS ONE 20(3): e0317862. https://doi. Editor: Sheikh Arslan Sehgal, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PAKISTAN Copyright: Data availability statement: All data necessary to replicate the analyses are presented in data repositories, with additional details in the S1 Appendix Supporting Information file. All code necessary to conduct the analyses presented in this study has been deposited in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/MariaVoigt/ Habitat_loss_translocation_analysis), with the input data available on Zenodo (https:// RESEARCH ARTICLE 8 Independent Conservation Consultant, Lannion, France, 9 IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Section on Great Apes, c/o Re:wild, Austin, Texas, United States of America, 10 Re:wild, Austin, Texas, United States of America, 11 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work
Regional patterns of wild animal hunting in African tropical forests
Get PDFWildlife contributes to the diets, livelihoods and socio-cultural activities of people worldwide; however, unsustainable hunting is a major pressure on wildlife. Regional assessments of the factors associated with hunting offtakes are needed to understand the scale and patterns of wildlife exploitation relevant for policy. We synthesized 83 studies across West and Central Africa to identify the factors associated with variation in offtake. Our models suggest that offtake per hunter per day is greater for hunters who sell a greater proportion of their offtake; among non-hunter-gatherers; and in areas that have better forest condition, are closer to protected areas and are less accessible from towns. We present evidence that trade and gun hunting have increased since 1991 and that areas more accessible from towns and with worse forest condition may be depleted of larger-bodied wildlife. Given the complex factors associated with regional hunting patterns, context-specific hunting management is key to achieving a sustainable future.Additional authors: Davy Fonteyn, Andrea Ghiurghi, Elizabeth Greengrass, Noëlle F. Kümpel, Karen Lupo, Jonas Muhindo, Germain Ngandjui, Gracia Dorielle Ngohouani, François Sandrin, Judith Schleicher, Dave N. Schmitt, Liliana Vanegas, Hadrien P. A. Vanthomme, Nathalie van Vliet, Adam S. Willcox, Donald Midoko Iponga, Della Kemalasari, Usman Muchlish, Robert Nasi, Yahya Sampurna, Francis Nchembi Tarla, Jasmin Willis, Jӧrn P. W. Scharlemann & Lauren Coa
Prevalence and treatment of perinatal anxiety: diagnostic interview study
Get PDFBackground Anxiety affects around one in five women during pregnancy and after birth. However, there is no systematic information on the proportion of women with perinatal anxiety disorders who want or receive treatment. Aims To examine (a) the prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and after birth in a population-based sample, and (b) the proportion of women with anxiety disorders who want treatment and receive treatment. Method This study conducted 403 diagnostic interviews in early pregnancy (n = 102), mid-pregnancy (n = 99), late pregnancy (n = 102) or postpartum (n = 100). Participants also completed self-report measures of previous/current mental health problems and desire for treatment at every time point. Results The prevalence of anxiety disorders over all time points combined was 19.9% (95% CI 16.1–24.1), with greatest prevalence in early pregnancy (25.5%, 95% CI 17.4–35.1). The most prevalent disorders were obsessive–compulsive disorder (8.2%, 95% CI 5.7–11.3) and generalised anxiety disorder (5.7%, 95% CI 3.7–8.4). The majority of women with anxiety disorders did not want professional help or treatment (79.8%). Most women with anxiety disorders who did want treatment (20.2%) were receiving treatment. The majority of participants with anxiety disorders had a history of mental health problems (64.6%). Conclusions Prevalence rates overall are consistent with previous research, lending validity to the findings. However, findings challenge the assumption that everyone with a psychological disorder wants treatment. These findings highlight the importance of relationship-based care, where individual needs and contextual barriers to treatment can be explored
Temperate grassland conversion to conifer forest destabilises mineral soil carbon stocks
Get PDFTree-planting is increasingly presented as a cost-effective strategy to maximise ecosystem carbon (C) storage and thus mitigate climate change. Its success largely depends on the associated response of soil C stocks, where most terrestrial C is stored. Yet, we lack a precise understanding of how soil C stocks develop following tree planting, and particularly how it affects the form in which soil C is stored and its associated stability and resistance to climate change. Here, we present changes in C and nitrogen (N) stored as mineral-associated organic matter (OM), occluded particulate OM, free particulate OM and dissolved OM, from four regional chronosequences of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests planted on former grasslands across Scotland. We found that c. 58–68 years after the plantation, bulk soil C and N stocks in the organic layer and the top 20 cm of mineral soil decreased by half relative to unforested grasslands - a decrease roughly equivalent to a third of the simultaneous C gain in the tree biomass. This pattern was driven predominantly by a decrease in the amount of C and N stored as mineral-associated OM, an OM fraction considered as relatively long-lived. Our findings demonstrate the need to estimate C storage in response to tree planting based both on soil C stocks and tree biomass, as the use of the latter alone may significantly over-estimate net C benefits of tree planting on permanent grasslands
Glucose Variability and Postprandial Hyperglycaemia After Breakfast in Children and Young People With Type 1 Diabetes
Get PDFAims: This study aimed to describe glucose variability (GV) and explore postprandial glycaemia and the association with food composition following breakfast in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: This was an observational study of CYP aged 1–17 years using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Retrospective CGM data were collected to assess GV along with questionnaires about the breakfast meal and 4-h postprandial period for 7 days. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-tests and linear mixed models. Results: Ninety-six CYP were recruited, 89 shared their CGM data (mean age 10.1 ± 3.8 years) (44.9% females), of which 74 submitted questionnaires. Diurnal percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) (mean: 38.1% ± 4.3%) was significantly higher than nocturnal %CV (36.4 ± 5.2) (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.9, 2.5], Cohen d = 0.5, p < 0.001). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) users had a significantly higher time in range (TIR) (mean: 61.7% ± 11.0%) than those using multiple daily injections (MDIs) (mean: 55.5% ± 15.0%) (95% CI [0.2, 12], Cohen’s d = 0.5, p = 0.04). Data on 387 breakfast meals were analysed. The preprandial glucose was significantly lower for CSII users (mean: 7.4 ± 2.3 mmol/L) compared with MDI users (mean: 9.5 ± 2.9 mmol/L) (95% CI [1.3,3.3], d = 0.9, p < 0.001). Preprandial glucose was significantly associated with mean postprandial glucose (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.001). Compared with breakfast meals containing a protein food (n = 71), ingested meals containing breakfast cereals only (n = 76) resulted in a significantly higher mean postprandial glucose (p = 0.01), peak excursion (p = 0.03), area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.03) and time above range (TAR) (p < 0.001) and significantly shorter time to peak (p = 0.01) and lower TIR (p = 0.01). Ingested meals containing only breakfast cereals also resulted in significantly higher glucose excursion at 30, (p < 0.001), 60 (p < 0.001) and 90 min (p = 0.02) compared with breakfast meals containing a protein food. Conclusions: GV is significantly higher in the diurnal period. Managing T1D with CSII and including a protein food in the breakfast meal may reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia after breakfast in CYP with T1D
Maintaining Collective Legitimacy During Crisis: A Case of Social Enterprise Intermediaries in Scotland
Get PDFExisting research offers little insight into how governance networks can maintain their legitimacy during institutional disruption. Through an in-depth case study of a network of third sector organizations in Scotland that worked to deliver government funds and support during the COVID-19 pandemic to social enterprises and charities, this paper sheds light on this topic. Our analysis highlights the importance of work to retain the structure of the network by affirming mission focus and rules of collaboration, promoting and aligning the network with external stakeholders, and building and breaking relationships. We propose a conceptual model illustrating how these efforts to maintain legitimacy interact dynamically, demonstrating that successful network management during crises relies on the collective ability to adapt to evolving pressures. These insights contribute to the extant research on network governance and institutional maintenance
Care Poverty and Unmet Needs: Inequalities in Theory and Practice
Get PDFThis chapter places the theory of care poverty in the context of other theories of care and provides an overview of the conflicts inherent in these theories, including the idea of ‘social citizenship’ – the right to access resources to meet needs, in this case care needs. Ideas about care poverty are used to offer a theoretical way of synthesising previous conflicting theories of care, testing this against kinship versus formal care provision. The chapter concludes that the concept of care poverty enables us to talk about the need for care as a social right, to reframe our thinking away from vulnerabilities and needs and towards a more emancipatory approach to care provision. As well as ontological power, the concept also has political power. The care poverty theory needs to be empirically tested and there is work to be done in comparative social policy to examine the ideas, institutions and actors that exacerbate and alleviate care poverty
Exploring decolonial and anti‐racist perspectives in teacher education and curriculum through dialogue
No full textFirst paragraph: This forum piece presents reflections from professional practice, focused on decolonial and anti-racist perspectives in teacher education and curriculum. Following the publication of the Curriculum Journal Special Issue on this area, a series of prompts and questions were developed by Haira Gandolfi and Elizabeth Rushton. These were shared (as a supportive rather than restrictive framework) with Terra Glowach, Lee Walker and Sharon Walker. Alongside Haira, each provided responses to the prompts. Responses from each individual contributor were first woven together by Elizabeth and then further elaborated by the whole authorial team through a collaborative dialogic process—that is, reading the first draft of woven responses and then expanding, commenting and challenging their own and each other's initial contributions—to produce the final version of this reflective dialogue, as presented across this piece.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin
Cultural adaptation of a text message library designed to support diet, activity and weight management behaviour in the postpartum period in the UK: the Supporting MumS (SMS) Study
Get PDFThe Supporting MumS library of text messages was developed with extensive personal and public involvement (PPI) to help with postpartum weight management and was successfully tested in a feasibility study in Northern Ireland. Before conducting an effectiveness trial, further PPI work was needed to ensure that the dietary and lifestyle advice offered within the SMS text message library was acceptable and culturally relevant for a wide range of women across the United Kingdom (UK). Recruitment was facilitated by existing community networks that helped capture a culturally diverse group of postpartum women who have struggled with their weight. Nineteen women took part in the PPI exercise: n = 4 African–Caribbean (living in London), n = 8 Asian (Bradford), n = 7 white (Scotland). The PPI work followed an iterative process with initial online group discussions, where selected text messages were reviewed and feedback was sought on their language, tone and cultural relevance. This was followed by message adaptation and re-review. Following initial group discussions to understand the main areas for adaptation, PPI work was carried out with individual mums who reviewed the entire library of text messages and provided feedback on all adaptations. Mums liked the humour and the supportive tone of the messages and approximately 15% of the messages were left unchanged. Suggested edits to ensure the messages were acceptable and relevant to women from a range of cultural backgrounds were minor in nature. Suggestions provided by PPI representatives were mainly in relation to broadening the relevance of snack ideas, recipes, food preparation advice, shopping habits (e.g., click and collect services) and workout ideas. Additional feedback included removing colloquialisms and idioms, the meaning of which may be confusing for somebody not familiar with them or a non-native English speaker (e.g., ‘run out of steam’). Personal and Public Involvement provided helpful suggestions for the cultural and regional adaptation of a lifestyle text message intervention in the postpartum period. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Supporting MumS study will be tested in a UK-wide trial
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Stirling Online Research Repository (STORRE)? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!