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Targeted Editing and Phenotypic Profiling of CmOFP13 Mutants Reveal Its Role in Melon Fruit Morphogenesis
No full textThe melon fruit shape is a trait that influences storage as well as consumer preference. Fruit shape is known to be regulated by factors such as Ovate Family Proteins (OFPs), Tonneau Recruiting Motif proteins (TRMs), IQ67 domain proteins (IQDs) and plant hormones. CmOFP13 (MELO3C025206) had been identified as a regulator of shape in melon using a map-based cloning approach and validated by overexpression in Arabidopsis, generating plants with rounder leaves and shorter siliques. In this work, CRISPR-Cas9 was applied in melon for the functional validation of CmOFP13. ‘Védrantais’ (VED) seed cotyledons were transformed, obtaining diploid edited plants with a slightly elongated phenotype compared to the wild type in both ovaries and fruits. This effect is associated with the presence of larger cells in the distal area of E1 stage flowers. The analysis of the mutation indicated the loss of the OVATE domain in the edited CmOFP13, while maintaining the DNA-binding domain. In addition, new candidate genes have been proposed based on phylogenetic analyses and expression data. The mutation of OFPs offers the possibility of new melon fruit shapes, adapting the fruit for safer storage or to consumer demands.This work was supported by grants PID2021-125998OB-C21 to J.G.-M and M.P. and grant PID2021-125998OB-C22 to A. J. M. both funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”; grant TED2021-131955B-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”; CEX2019-000902-S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and the 2021 SGR 00756 grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya to J.G.-M and M.P. C.M. was supported by grant 2019 FI_B 00124 from the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and by grant 2019FI_B00124 from the “ESF investing in your future”; M.V. was supported by grant PRE2022-102735 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF+.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Més enllà del nostre territori: el camí de Sant Jaume sense oli
No full textA l'IRTA volíem veure si el pop a la gallega es percep més agradable si s’utilitza un oli aromàtic i picantinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Caracterización de la resistencia a fungicidas en Monilinia spp. de frutales de hueso del Valle del Ebro
Full text linkMonilinia laxa y M. fructicola son los principales hongos fitopatógenos causantes de la podredumbre
parda en melocotón y nectarina en el valle del Ebro. La distribución de las especies y la localización
de fenotipos tolerantes y resistentes a los principales fungicidas empleados para su control es fundamental
para realizar una adecuada gestión del potencial desarrollo de resistencias.
Los muestreos llevados a cabo durante las campañas de 2021 a 2022 de las poblaciones de M. fructicola
y M. laxa, agentes causales de la podredumbre parda en las principales zonas de producción
de melocotonero y nectarina del valle del Ebro en Cataluña (Segriá, Lleida) y Aragón (Cinca, Huesca)
nos muestran el estado actual de la distribución de especies y comportamiento diferencial frente a
los principales fungicidas aplicados en la zona. Sólo se encontró resistencia al fluopyram en tres de
setenta y siete aislados de M. fructicola (3,9%) recogidos en 2021, y en uno a piraclostrobin (1,3%). Los
aislados resistentes a fluopyram se encontraron en las dos zonas estudiadas, mientras que el resistente
a piraclostrobin solo en el Segriá. No se encontraron aislados resistentes en las poblaciones de M.
laxa de ambas zonas. Sin embargo, sí se encontró un número de aislados de las dos especies con cierta
tolerancia a su correspondiente DE50 de los fungicidas estudiados. El 15,7% de la población de M. laxa
resultó tolerante a piraclostrobin, el 13,7% a fludioxonil, el 7,8% a fenpirazamina, el 5,9 % tolerante a
fluopyram y difenoconazol respectivamente. El 18% de la población de M. fructicola resultó tolerante
a fluopyram, el 3,9% tolerante a piraclostrobin, y solo el 1,3% a ciprodinil. Las poblaciones de la zona
de Cinca se mostraron siempre sensibles a ciprodinil y difenoconazol. Resulta importante mantener
un seguimiento de las poblaciones localizadas por zonas para poder hacer una detección precoz de
posibles resistencias y así ajustar el programa de aplicación de fungicidas en cada una de ellas.Los autores agradecen el apoyo técnico de Yolanda Herranz y a la Dra. Pilar Plaza y Dra. Elena Costa del Servicio Técnico de Postcosecha (STP) del IRTA, por su inestimable colaboración en los muestreos. Este estudio surge de la iniciativa de FRAC España y está financiado por éste a través de AEPLA mediante dos contratos de soporte tecnológico: CON21-189 con el CSIC, y el segundo contrato (nº12331) con el IRTA. José Enrique Cabrera ha realizado su trabajo fin de máster en Biología Vegetal Aplicada en la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Agronomic management strategies to mitigate almond orchard water stress under drought and irrigation shortages
Full text linkClimate change and reduced water availability increasingly threaten agricultural productivity, especially in Mediterranean regions facing recurrent drought and irrigation restrictions. This study assessed several agronomic strategies to mitigate the effects of extreme drought and limited irrigation on almond trees, as well as their carry-over impacts into the follow ing season. In 2023, six treatments were applied: (i) Rainfed (no irrigation from mid-May); (ii) Control (~1100 m³/ha of water from May to November); (iii) Tree Shaker (Control-level irrigation+mechanical nut thinning); (iv) Disc Pruning (Control-level irrigation+spring canopy reduction); (v) Kaolin (Control-level irrigation+three foliar applications); and (vi) Nut Thinning (Control-level irrigation+manual thinning). Physiological traits, phenology, yield, and evapotranspi ration (via remote sensing) were monitored. Rainfed trees, receiving only 22% of crop water needs and reaching stem water potentials of −4.0 MPa, showed the worst performance: 92% yield loss and 42% tree mortality. Among irrigated treatments, Control and Kaolin had the highest yields in 2023 but declined significantly in 2024 due to carry-over stress effects. In contrast, Disc Pruning showed the greatest improvements in water status throughout the season. Cumulative kernel yield over both years was strongly correlated with integrated stem water potential (R² = 0.87), underscoring the importance of maintaining tree water status. Overall, Disc Pruning and Tree Shaker emerged as promising strategies to sustain almond productivity under extreme drought conditions.This research was supported by the Department of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda (DACC) of the government of Catalonia, under the framework of drought during 2023. In addition, the project ET4DROUGHT (No. PID2021-127345OR-C31) funded by the Spanish Research Agency of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN-AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) of Spain, also contributed with this research. The authors would also like to thank the technical support of the Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture and Fruit Production programs at the IRTA.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How local pig breed and processing methods affect consumer preferences for dry-cured ham
No full textTwo dry-cured hams were produced using a local breed Krškopolje pig, trimmed/shaped either as ‘Kraški pršut’ (Ksingle bondK) or ‘Istrski pršut’ (Isingle bondK). Consumers (n = 118) were recruited to evaluate the hams in blind, expected, and informed tests. Overall liking was rated on a 5-point Likert scale, while sensory perceptions were assessed with Check-All-That-Apply method in blind and expected tests. In blind, expected, and informed test, Ksingle bondK received higher liking scores than Isingle bondK. Specifically, for Ksingle bondK, liking was the highest in informed, the lowest in the blind, and intermediate in the expected test, suggesting that information about local breed positively influenced consumer perception. In contrast, Isingle bondK showed similar liking scores in both, blind and informed tests, while the expected liking was notably higher, indicating a mismatch between expectations and actual experience. Check-All-That-Apply results, analyzed with correspondence analysis, showed that Isingle bondK and Ksingle bondK hams were differentiated by consumers based on sensory descriptors. Furthermore, the analysis highlighted differences between expected and perceived sensory descriptors.This study has received funding from Slovenian Agency of Research and Innovation (grants P4-0133, L7-4568) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food (L7-4568). We would also like to thank ARHEA agency for recruiting the consumers and conducting the sessions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Principales problemas sensoriales en la elaboración de derivados cárnicos tratados por el calor (actualización 2025)
Full text linkLos derivados cárnicos tratados por el calor constituyen una forma de conservar la carne mediante un tratamiento térmico que logra la coagulación de las proteínas en su interior y reduce o elimina los microorganismos alterantes y/o patógenos. Además, algunos de ellos, se someten a procesos de ahumado o secado. Son derivados con valor añadido, cómodos, nutritivos y que son apreciados por sus características sensoriales. A pesar de que se conocen en profundidad los procesos implicados en su elaboración, los productos finales no siempre presentan las características sensoriales deseadas. Las causas de ello hay que buscarlas en las materias primas, en los ingredientes y aditivos utilizados, en los procesos de elaboración y en la comercialización del producto.Este documento recoge información científico-técnica publicada, la experiencia acumulada de generaciones de profesionales y la personal del autor adquirida durante cuatro décadas de estudio de las causas y soluciones de los problemas sensoriales de los derivados cárnicos tratados por el calor.Quiero expresar mi agradecimiento al IRTA y a su dirección por la confianza que en su momento depositaron en mí para abordar la I+D+i de los derivados cárnicos. También quiero agradecer al INIA, CDTI, Unión Europea, FECIC y a la Generalitat de Catalunya por la financiación de los proyectos de I+D+i relacionados con los derivados cárnicos tratados por el calor. Finalmente, agradecer al equipo de profesionales del IRTA-Monells por el esfuerzo y dedicación en la mejora del conocimiento de los derivados cárnicos, a la Dra. Mª Dolors Guàrdia y al Dr. Xavier Serra por las sugerencias en la redacción del documento, y a mi familia por el estímulo y comprensión en la realización de este trabajo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Cricket powder (Acheta domesticus) nutritional and techno-functional properties and effects of solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus and Rhizopus oligosporus
No full textHouse cricket emerges as a sustainable source of protein as an alternative to traditional sources of animal origin. This work studied the nutritional and techno-functional properties of a commercial cricket powder, as well as the effect of its solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus (PF) and Rhizopus oligosporus (RF) as strategies for ingredient functionalization. Cricket powder showed a high protein content (57 %, DM), including a profile of essential amino acids close to reference requirements. Leucine and valine were the most abundant indispensable amino acids, while tryptophan was the most limiting one with respect to reference requirements. Protein metabolization occurred during fermentation, with the formation of small proteins and peptides, and a 5–11 % decrease in the total protein content. The changes in the amino acid profile did not affect the indispensable amino acid score, although the sulphured amino acids became the limiting ones after fermentation. RF resulted in a 35 % decrease in the fat content, while both fungi slightly increased the content of saturated fatty acids. Cricket powder had limited techno-functional properties, which were partially overcome by fermentation depending on the parameter. Foaming capacity was improved mainly due to the thermal pretreatment (121 °C 15 min), which boosted it more than sixfold. PF and RF enhanced cricket capacity by 20 %, while RF improved protein solubility by 20 % and the emulsion stability during 60 min. PF and RF stood out for enhancing foaming capacity and water holding, while the latter also improved protein solubility, emulsion stability and reduced the fat content.This work was supported by the GIANT LEAPS project which has received funding from the European Union's HORIZON EUROPE research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 101059632, and 2021 SGR 00468 (SEQUSAL), 2021 SGR 00461 (TECQUAL) and CERCA Programme from Generalitat de Catalunya. Nadia Ayllón-Parra is recipient of an IRTA PhD grant for Scientific Strategic Initiatives 2022. Authors wish to acknowledge Gerard Sabeña, Adrià Pacreu, Elvira Tenorio and Narcís Sais for their technical assistance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The camel milk sector in Mediterranean basin
Full text linkCamel milk is a new product on the market around the Mediterranean Basin (MB). The objective of the paper
was to achieve a state-of-the-art regarding the camel milk sector around the MB and its constraints and challenges to
overcome. The Southern bank of the MB involves 99.5% of the camel herd vs 0.5% only in the European countries. Few
data are available in FAO database regarding camel milk production. Only 4 countries, all in north Africa, declared
camel milk production: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Libya. The total declared was more than 29,500 tons for 2023
with more than 51% in Algeria and 31% in Morocco. There are challenges for the camel dairy development in the MB.
The introduction of camel milk on market is a recent feature, in general all over the world as it was already underlined.
Longtime, the camel milk was a part of the “gift economy” contributing to the “subsistence economy” of the nomad
people. The current mutation of the camel farming systems is not limited to some rich countries of the Middle East, but
is involving also, most of the countries of the MB. Boosted by a growing urban demand in terms of quantity, quality
and diversity of the dairy products, boosted also by the differential of price compared to cow milk based notably to the
expected health effect of camel milk, the “commodification” of the camel milk is contributing to the emergence of true
dairy camel sector at regional level. Camel milk remains a “niche product”, even if its recent growth was important.
The high price of the product on the market cannot attribute to this product a competitive interest compared to cow
milk, even in countries from the south bank of the MB where the camel population is important. Camel cannot be
regarded as “the cow of the future” despite its advantages face to the current environmental challenges. However,
the margin of development of the camel sector around the MB is not negligible and must be supported by more
favourable regulations, notably in Europe. The different segments of the sector (production, processing, distribution)
must be able to benefit from administrative and political support in the different concerned countries.The authors are grateful for the support by the PRIMA program under grant agreement No: 1832, the project “Boost the production, processing and consumption of camel milk in the Mediterranean basin (CAMEL MILK). “In addition, this publication was supported in the frame of research project AP14871571 financed by the Ministry of Science and High Education of Republic of Kazakhstan”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La valorització de les dejeccions ramaderes i els residus orgànics
Full text linkEn aquest article tècnic es parla sobre les opcions de tractament de la matèria orgànica a Catalunya per mirar de gestionar-la i valoritzar-la com a recursos materials i energètics, seguint els principis de la bioeconomia circularinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio