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Characterization of Citrus Rootstock Under Conditions of Boron Toxicity
Get PDFBoron (B) is an essential element for an adequate development of citrus orchards. However,
citrus trees are vulnerable to high B concentrations, generating morphological and physiological
alterations incompatible with the proper production of citrus. In this sense, citrus rootstocks can
provide valuable capabilities to citrus trees including tolerance to different stresses. The objective of
this work is the characterization of 2247 × 6070–02–2 citrus rootstock using as a reference Carrizo
citrange rootstock under B toxicity conditions (2.5 mM boric acid). Carrizo citrange is a diploid
hybrid, and 2247 × 6070–02–2 is a novel low-HLB-sensitive tetraploid. B excess effects were analyzed
after four weeks of treatment using 0.05 (control) and 2.5 mM (toxicity) H3BO3 concentrations,
respectively, in hydroponic growth conditions. The characterization of 2247 × 6070–02–2 rootstock
compared to Carrizo citrange was performed by measuring physiological parameters in leaves related
to photosynthesis, stress oxidative responses, B content, and gene expression. The lower transpiration
rate and, especially, the higher expression of the CsXIP1;1 gene and the better antioxidant defense
mechanisms shown by 2247 × 6070–02–2 make this rootstock more tolerant to high B content than
Carrizo citrange.This research was funded by the FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) and the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad from Junta de Andalucía (UPO–1380693).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparative analysis of spectroscopic methods for rapid authentication of hazelnut cultivar and origin
Get PDFHazelnut market prices fluctuate significantly based on cultivar and provenance, making them susceptible to counterfeiting. To develop an accurate authentication method, we compared the performances of three spectroscopic
methods: near infrared (NIR), handheld near infrared (hNIR), and medium infrared (MIR), on over 300 samples from
various origins, cultivars, and harvest years. Spectroscopic fingerprints were used to develop and externally validate
PLS-DA classification models. Both cultivar and origin models showed high accuracy in external validation. The hNIR
model effectively distinguished cultivars but struggled with geographic distinctions due to lower sensitivity. NIR and
MIR models showed over 93% accuracy, with NIR slightly outperforming MIR for geographicorigin. NIR proved to be a fast and suitable tool for hazelnut authentication. This study is the first to systematically compare spectroscopic tools for authenticating hazelnut cultivar and origin using the same dataset, offering valuable insights for future food authentication applications.This work was developed in the context of the project TRACENUTS, PID2020-117701RB-I00 supported by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033. B. Torres-Cobos thanks the Spanish Ministry of Universities predoctoral fellowships FPU20/01454 and EST23/00155. The authors would like to thank all who participated in the project: François Stevens for data analysis, Quentin Arnould, Delphine Delhotte, Louis Paternostre, St´ ephane Brichard and Sandrine Mauro for formal analysis, Antoine Deryck for data analysis (all from the Walloon Agricultural research Centre (CRA-W) in Gembloux, Belgium). INSA-UB Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (Grant CEX2021- 001234-M) funded by MICIU/AEI/ERDF, EU. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Ferrero Hazelnut Company and Tuscia University (Department of Agriculture and Forest Science) for providing the hazelnut samples from Chile and Georgia, and Italy, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Natural outbreak of Mycobacterium caprae infection in imported laboratory cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis): diagnostic pitfalls and management of safety precautions
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat for humans and for non-human primates used for toxicology or research purposes. Emerging mycobacterial species represent a major challenge for diagnosis and surveillance programs. Here, we report a natural outbreak of Mycobacterium caprae in imported cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that occurred at AnaPath Research S.A.U. (APR). The macaques underwent repeated negative intradermal tuberculin tests (IDT) before importation and at the European quarantine station. Exhaustive TB screening was started at APR after confirmation of one positive case at another facility. The animal in question belonged to the same colony received at APR. Diagnostic approaches included clinical examination, PCR, culture, spoligotyping, IDT testing, interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), and thoracoabdominal ultrasound (US). Three regulatory toxicity studies and stock animals were affected. The macaques lacked clinical signs, except for one showing a fistulizing nodule in the right inguinal area, which tested positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR. All animals were necropsied and 10 macaques (n=114) showed gross and histologic findings compatible with TB confirmed by PCR and culture. M. caprae was identified as the etiological agent by Direct Variable Repeat spacer oligonucleotide typing (DVR spoligotyping). The infection was traced to Asia via the SB1622 spoligotype involved, confirming that the animals were infected prior to their import into Europe. Tuberculin skin test (TST), IGRA, and US were only sensitive in detecting advanced cases of M. caprae infection. One staff member showed a positive TST reaction, which was handled in accordance with the Spanish government’s health regulations. All the sanitary measures implemented were effective in eradicating the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Huella ambiental de carne y leche de vacuno: manejo y emisiones
Get PDFEn un contexto en que el sector de la leche y la carne de vacuno estan siendo cuestionados
por su impacto ambiental, es vital medir, reducir y comunicar la huella ambiental de dichos
productos. En este sentido, IRTA ha realizado un estudio pionero en el marco del Crupo
Operativo ‘Rumprint: huella ambiental de la carne y la leche de vacuno’. El objetivo era
calcular la huella ambiental de estos productos, aplicando la metodologia recomendada
por la Comision Europea de ‘Huella Ambiental de Producto’.Gracias a este estudio se han
podido identificar los procesos que mas contribuyen al impacto ambiental tanto de la
leche como de la carne de vacuno a lo largo de la cadena de produccion, incluyendo la
granja y todos los insumos que le Megan, hasta el envasado y distribucion de carne y leche
a centrales y supermercados.Proyecto financiado a traves de la Operacion16.01.01de Cooperacion para la innovacion del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluna 2014-2020 mediante fondos de la Union Europea (Europa invierteen las zonas rurales) y la Generalitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Leishmania Infection in Wild Lagomorphs and Domestic Dogs in North-East Spain
Get PDFLeishmania infantum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite distributed worldwide that is transmitted
by phlebotomine sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir for human infections. However, in recent years,
the capacity of lagomorphs to contribute to Leishmania transmission has been confirmed. The present study
aimed to assess Leishmania spp. exposure and infection in lagomorphs and sympatric domestic dogs in
NE Spain. Sera from European hares, European rabbits, and rural dogs were tested for antibodies against
L. infantum using an in-house indirect ELISA. PCR analysis targeting Leishmania spp. was performed in
spleens from L. europaeus. Antibodies against Leishmania spp. were detected in all the species analyzed.
Total sample prevalence was significantly higher in O. cuniculus (27.9%) than in L. europaeus (2.0%). Results
of the PCR were all negative. The present study expands knowledge about Leishmania infections in
free-ranging lagomorphs in the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting a more important role of O. cuniculus in the
study area. Given the strong correlation between lagomorph densities and human leishmaniasis outbreaks
in Spain, the high rabbit and human densities in NE Spain, and the high Leishmania spp. seroprevalence in
rabbits, it becomes imperative to establish surveillance programs for lagomorphs in this region.X. F. Aguilar was funded through the Maria Zambrano post-doctoral program (ID-709248). M. P. Ribas was funded through the 2021 FI Scholarship, Departament de Recerca i Universitats, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (FI_B 00171).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Analysing the contribution of intermittent rivers to beta diversity can improve freshwater conservation in Mediterranean rivers
Get PDFIn Mediterranean climate regions, intermittent rivers (IRs) harbor highly dynamic communities with species and trait composition changing over time and space. Simultaneously considering multiple biodiversity facets and a spatiotemporal perspective is, therefore, key to developing effective conservation strategies for these ecosystems. We studied the spatiotemporal dynamics of aquatic macroinvertebrates in rivers of the western Mediterranean Basin by analysing (1) the taxonomic and functional richness and the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD; measured considering taxonomic and functional facets) of perennial rivers and IRs over five sampling times, and (2) their relation with flow intermittence, local environmental uniqueness, and the number of anthropogenic impacts. Both analyses were also conducted for the subset of data including only IRs to compare values between their flowing and disconnected pool phases. According to our results, taxonomic and functional richness tended to be higher in perennial rivers than in IRs, while taxonomic and functional LCBD tended to be higher in IRs than in perennial rivers. When comparing IR sites over time, higher values of taxonomic and functional LCBD corresponded mostly to their disconnected pool phase. Flow intermittence, the number of anthropogenic impacts and the environmental uniqueness were significant predictors of taxonomic and functional richness, but only flow intermittence was an important predictor of taxonomic LCBD. For the IR-only data subset, disconnected pool permanence was the main predictor explaining spatiotemporal patterns. Our results highlight the importance of IRs to biodiversity conservation of Mediterranean climate rivers, especially during the disconnected pool phase, suggesting that these ecosystems cannot be ignored in conservation planning strategies.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC
agreement with Springer Nature. The study was supported by the
LIFE+ TRivers (LIFE13 ENV/ES/000341) project. MS was sup-
ported by the Scholarship for studies or projects outside Catalonia
funded by “Fundació Universitària Agustí Pedro i Pons” and the
Iberoamerican Mobility Scholarship funded by “Banco Santander”.
CG-C was supported by a Junior Leader Fellowship contract (LCF/BQ/
PR22/11920005) funded by “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434).
PR-L was supported by a Margalida Comas postdoctoral contract
(PD/031/2018) funded by the Government of the Balearic Islands and
the European Social Fund and by a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación
fellowship (IJC2019-041601-I)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Implantació de cultius cobertora en camps d'arròs
Get PDFL’arròs es cultiva a Espanya exclusivament en monocultiu, però, recentment, afavorit per les condicions de maneig de l’aigua els mesos de tardor i hivern s’ha plantejat introduir cultius de cobertora durant els mesos en què els arrossars estan sense cultiu amb l’objectiu d’aportar millores agronòmiques i ambientals. Per això es va realitzar un assaig a l’IRTA el 2020-2021 (novembre-abril), en el qual es van avaluar un total de 15 espècies diferents, incloent gramínies, lleguminoses i crucíferes. Els resultats van indicar que les diverses espècies estudiades es van complementar correctament amb el cultiu de l’arròs. La majoria de les varietats van aconseguir la floració abans de ser incorporades al sòl, sent les varietats de pèsol les que van obtenir major producció de biomassa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Reduction of salt content variability of dry-cured ham production using non-invasive technologies in an industrial environment
Get PDFSalt content variability of dry-cured ham production is a challenge for the industry since many factors can influence salt uptake during the salting procedure. The aim of this work was to define and evaluate different modifications of the salting procedure to reduce the salt content variability of an industrial dry-cured ham production. Results showed that magnetic induction (MI) is a valid technology for industrial purposes as it can predict in-line the fat and salt contents of hams with a percentage error of 1.75% and 0.38%, respectively. Modifications of the salting process defined according to raw material characteristics obtained in-line reduced the salt content variability (SD) of the global production from 0.337% to 0.283%. Moreover, a 25% reduction of the salt content variability in hams of similar weight and fat content could be achieved when using a reclassification of the defined categories with MI technology after 6 days of salting. Because of the complexity of the salting process, new tools combined with strategies need to be investigated and developed to overcome the variability coming from other sources than weight and the fat content of hams.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Blat de moro ecològic amb sembra d'espècies farratgeres d'hivern
Get PDFEl cost de la importació de pinsos i farratges ecològics i la dependència de la seva compra és un dels aspectes més
crítics per a les explotacions de bestiar boví orientades a la producció de llet i carn ecològiques. Aquest projecte ha
avaluat la sotasembra i la sembra de tardor de diferents alternatives farratgeres d’hivern amb el blat de moro per a
la millora de la producció farratgera ecològica produïda a les explotacions. Per això, es va establir un assaig en la
campanya 2021‐2022 amb una seqüència de cultiu de blat de moro – cultiu d’hivern per a aprofitament farratger.
Es van avaluar els cultius farratgers d'hivern: el raigràs italià, el trèvol violeta i les barreges raigràs‐trèvol violeta i
raigràs‐veça, en dues dates de sotasembra i en sembra de tardor. La sotasembra estava orientada a tenir establerta
una coberta del farratge d’hivern un cop collit el blat de moro. Els resultats d’aquest estudi han mostrat que la
productivitat més alta de la rotació farratgera de blat de moro i farratge d’hivern s’obté amb la sembra de tardor. El
raigràs italià, sol o associat amb veça o trèvol, és el cultiu que ha maximitzat la producció amb la sembra de tardor
amb un aprofitament en 2 dalls. El trèvol ha estat el farratge avaluat amb més alt Valor Relatiu del Farratge. Un
interès afegit d’introduir lleguminoses farratgeres és per la seva capacitat de captació biològica del N2 atmosfèric.
En l’estudi s’ha mostrat que el trèvol violeta incrementa el nitrogen (N) residual al sòl abans de la sembra del blat de
moro. D’altra banda, no s’ha trobat un efecte negatiu de la sotasembra en la producció del blat de moro. Això obre
la porta a explorar altres cultius farratgers amb millor adaptació a la sotasembra per cicle i característiques
agronòmiques, sobretot amb la seva capacitat de cobrir el terreny i de competir amb les males herbes durant el cultiu
del blat de moro.El projecte ha estat finançat pel Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural de la Generalitat de Catalunya a través de l’ajut per incentivar la recerca aplicada en matèria de producció agroalimentària ecològicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio