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Inovações na secagem de alimentos líquidos: secagem de levedura de cerveja por pulverização pulsada
Get PDFAtualmente a transformação de produtos líquidos em pó é uma prática comum nas
indústrias alimentares e de ingredientes. Normalmente esta transformação é feita por
pulverização, um processo que requer produtos não viscosos e homogéneos (por exemplo,
leite, soro de leite, soja, café...(. Estes requisitos não permitem a transformação de uma
grande quantidade de produtos e subprodutos. Além disso, a quantidade de energia para
a execução do processo de produção é significativa. Uma alternativa à pulverização normal
é a tecnologia PSD (Pulse Spray Drying). A PSD transforma instantaneamente produtos
líquidos e pastosos em pó, mantendo o seu valor nutricional e com um custo energético
inferior ao da tecnologia tradicional.Este trabalho foi financiado pelo Departamento de Ação Climática, Alimentação e Agenda Rural da Generalitat de Catalunya através da Operação 01.02.01 do PDR Catalão 2014-2022info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Wheat varieties show consistent differences in root colonization by mycorrhiza across a European pedoclimatic gradient
Get PDFArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with the majority of land plants and are an important part of the soil microbial community in natural and agricultural ecosystems. These fungi promote water and nutrient acquisition by their host plant and regulate the allocation of photosynthetic carbon to soil. Both crop variety and environment affect naturally occurring mycorrhizal abundance in roots, but the relative importance of those factors for mycorrhization is largely unknown. In a field study covering a large pedoclimatic gradient across four European sites, we (i) compared the abundance of AM fungi in the roots of 10 modern winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, (ii) evaluated the relative importance of variety and site for the variability in root colonization by AM fungi and (iii) tested the relationship between mycorrhizal abundance and grain yield. Root colonization by arbuscules and hyphae ranged from 10% to 59% and 20% to 91%, respectively, across all samples and varied by 8% and 18%, respectively, among varieties when averaged across sites. Variance decomposition analysis revealed a 10 times higher importance of site than variety for AM fungal root colonization. Specifically, we found the highest mycorrhizal abundance on the site with the most arid conditions and the lowest on the sites with low soil pH and high nutrient availability. Despite the low variability in mycorrhizal abundance among varieties, there were significant differences in both arbuscular and hyphal root colonization. However, this did not translate into an increase in yield as no significant relationships between mycorrhizal abundance at flowering and grain yield were detected. The consistent differences between wheat varieties in root colonization by AM fungi across European field sites underline that genetic drivers of mycorrhization are to some extent independent of the site. This highlights the relevance of breeding practices to shape a wheat variety's capacity for mycorrhizal symbiosis across a range of environmental conditions.This work was funded by the EJP Soil [MaxRoot-C] project (which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 862695) and the Horizon 2020 INVITE project (which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement No 817970). We thank Agroscope, the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC) and the Thünen Institute for co-funding the project and Alain Held for instructions in the lab. Open access funding provided by Agroscope.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Untargeted urine metabolomics suggests that ascorbic acid may serve as a promising biomarker for reduced feed intake in rabbits
Get PDFFeed restriction is a common nutritional practice in rabbit farming; however, decreased feed intake can also signal potential digestive disorders at an early stage. This study endeavors to investigate the impact of feed restriction on selected productive traits and the urinary metabolome of juvenile rabbits across diverse genetic backgrounds. Our objective is to identify potential biomarkers capable of detecting periods of fasting. A total of 48 growing rabbits were used from two genetic types: Prat line (selected for litter size at weaning, n = 24) and Caldes line (selected for post-weaning growth rate, n = 24). At 60 days of age, a digestibility trial was carried out. Changes in productive traits (through bioelectrical impedance analysis, live weight control, average daily gain, energy, and protein retention) were evaluated when the animals were fed ad libitum from 60 to 64 days of age and when the same animals were subjected to feed restriction (50% of maintenance energy requirements) from 70 to 74 days of age, in a split-plot trial. In addition, untargeted urine metabolomics analysis was performed at both periods (ad libitum vs. restricted). Although some differences between genetic lines were observed in the animals’ performance traits (average daily gain and retention of energy and protein), no differences in the urine metabolome were found between genetic types. However, feed restriction caused notable changes in the metabolome. When the animals were subjected to feed restriction, they had higher levels of ascorbic acid (P = 0.001) and p-cresol sulphate (P = 0.058) and lower levels of pyrocatechol sulphate/hydroquinone sulphate (P < 0.001), resorcinol sulphate (P = 0.002), enterolactone sulphate (P < 0.001), enterolactone (P < 0.001), kynurenic acid (P = 0.0002), proline betaine (P < 0.001), pipecolic acid betaine (P < 0.001), xanthurenic acid (P < 0.001) and quinaldic acid (P < 0.001) than the same animals when they were fed ad libitum. This study proposes urine ascorbic acid as potential biomarker for fasting events in rabbits. As urine ascorbic acid is the sole metabolite that significantly increases in the restricted group, it offers promising indicator for early detection and targeted management of digestive disorders in rabbits.This study was supported by the Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana (CIGE/2023/12), and the EU project Feed-a-Gene funded by The European Union’s H2020 Program under grant agreement no 633531.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Índices de madurez óptimos para la conservación de cultivos minoritarios en la Península Ibérica
Get PDFLos cultivos minoritarios, como el membrillo, el higo y la granada, son fundamentales para diversifcar
la producción agrícola. Aunque su producción es menor que la de otras especies, son apreciados por
su valor nutritivo y demanda en el mercado. Sin embargo, la falta de índices precisos de madurez
y prácticas adecuadas de manejo postcosecha puede provocar pérdidas signifcativas durante el
almacenamiento y la distribución. Para mejorar su conservación y comercialización, es fundamental
desarrollar índices de madurez específcos y técnicas de manejo óptimas para cada especie, utilizando
métodos no destructivos y estándares.
Este estudio evaluó varios parámetros no destructivos y destructivos para determinar la madurez del
membrillo, el higo y la granada.
Para el membrillo, el índice de absorbancia de la clorofla en cosecha se destacó como el mejor
predictor de conservación. Se recomienda su uso para clasifcar los frutos según su destino fnal.
En el caso del higo, el porcentaje de superfcie coloreada evaluado visualmente mediante una escala
hedónica resultó ser el índice más efectivo para prever su conservación, permitiendo clasifcar los
higos en lotes según su madurez.
Para el caso de la granada, no se logró establecer un índice no destructivo efectivo para clasifcar
los frutos. Aunque los valores %F y F0 de la resonancia acústica obtenidos tras la cosecha fueron los
mejores parámetros, estos no se correlacionaron perfectamente con la calidad organoléptica después
de la conservación. Por otra parte, la luminosidad medida por colorimetría podría ser un indicador
prometedor de madurez para la granada, pero se requiere más investigación para su validación.
Estas conclusiones enfatizan la importancia de emplear índices específcos y no destructivos para
la clasifcación de frutos según sus características y destino fnal durante el almacenamiento y la
distribución postcosecha.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
¿Somos conscientes de la importancia del paisaje?
No full textDestacamos y agradecemos el trabajo realizado por Eulalia Serra del IRTA y Mireia Torres de Miguel Torres S.A., así como el apoyo del DACC y las DD.OO. Pla de Bages y Empordà en el marco de los proyectos CLIMAVIT21 y FIRE RES.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Shifting of food sources affect abundance of yeast like symbionts in Lasioderma serricorne (F.)
Get PDFHost diet is one of the key factors that shapes insect associated microbial communities, and the impact of dietary shift on abundance of microbial communities and insect fitness is poorly understood. Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne (F.)) are in close association with yeast symbionts for nutritional and defence benefits. The present study highlights that dietary source determines the yeast abundance in cigarette beetle and any change in diet induces a shift in yeast abundance. A general trendline of increase in yeast abundance during larval and pupal stage followed by a drop in adult stages of cigarette beetle was observed among all diet sources. The yeast abundance varied among diet sources and was significantly higher on natal (wheat) and reverted colonies compared to other exposed dietary sources. Yeast abundance in reverted colonies of soybean and bengal gram increased to the levels of those that were originally feeding on wheat suggesting a similar microbial structure among those diet sources. The correlation between yeast abundance and beetle biomass among diet guilds suggest a predictable relationship between yeast symbionts and diet source. The investigation can provide further insights on yeast symbiont abundance and food source specificity in cigarette beetle biology and management.The corresponding author acknowledges Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India for all support.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Modelling future climate change impacts on grapevine water requirements and growing cycle in three wine PDOs of NE Spain
Get PDFClimate change is expected to heavily impact agriculture in the Mediterranean region due to higher temperatures and droughts. Within the agricultural systems, vineyards are one of the most affected by climate. Here we provide a diagnosis of the main impacts of climate change in three protected designations of origin (PDOs) in Catalonia (NE Spain) in the 21st century. This is fundamental for assessing the future suitability of grapevine cultivation in the study area. For this purpose, we estimated the annual net water needs of the vineyard and a set of agroclimatic parameters of crop phenology and ripening. Climate change impacts were estimated at 1 km pixel resolution using temperature and precipitation projections based on the IPCC AR5 RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. Water needs would be 2 to 3 times greater than current water needs and a general advance and shortening of the ‘Budburst to Harvest’ period were estimated. The flowering date would advance from 3 to 6 weeks and the harvest from 1 to 2.5 months, resulting in a duration of the ‘Budburst to Harvest’ period from 10 to 80 days shorter. Changes in temperature during ripening were also estimated. Minimum temperature and daily thermal amplitude during ripening could increase from 1.4 to 2.9 °C and from 0.4 to 2.8 °C, respectively, by the end of the century. Additionally, the number of tropical nights (nights with T min > 20 °C) at ripening would increase from 2 to 23.7 days during the second half of the 21st century. Dynamics would be similar in the three PDOs studied although the magnitude of impact would differ, leading, in some cases, to significant limitations for grapevine cultivation and wine production if no adaptation strategies are applied in the near future. Increases in water needs were slightly greater in Empordà PDO, while the potential impact on crop phenology and grapevine quality was greater in the Pla de Bages PDO. These results, despite the limitations from simplified methods, incomplete data and unaddressed uncertainties, could serve as a basis for the design of specific adaptation strategies to improve and maintain vineyards in the PDOs studied and could be extrapolated to similar PDOs and regions.This work was supported by the projects CLIMAVIT21 and SECAREGVIN financed by the Technology Transfer Operation 01.02.01 of the Rural Development Program of Catalonia 2014-2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Proyecto demostrativo CITRUSREG. Digitalización del riego en el cultivo de los cítricos por medio de sensores y adaptación al cambio climático (I)
No full textEl cambio climático se ha convertido en una de las mayores amenazas para la agricultura a nivel global, un sector vital para la economía mundial y la seguridad alimentaria. La progresiva subida de las temperaturas ha obligado a los agricultores a lidiar con los desafíos que estos cambios imponen. El sector agrícola está respondiendo con una fuerte inversión en nuevas tecnologías con la adopción de la agricultura de precisión, optimizando por ejemplo el consumo de agua.
Durante la campaña 2023–24 se ha lanzado el proyecto demostrativo sobre la digitalización del riego en el cultivo de los cítricos por medio de sensores y la adaptación al cambio climático (CITRUSREG). Este ha sido emplazado en una finca de cítricos propiedad del IRTA situada en la comarca del “Baix–Ebre” (Tarragona), y la variedad sobre la que se ha implementado ha sido la naranja del grupo Nàvel Lanelate.
El objetivo principal del proyecto es analizar el movimiento del agua en el suelo utilizando sensores, observando el análisis gráfico de los mismos y regando con el criterio del balance hídrico (ETC–lluvia efectiva), pero teniendo en cuenta también los valores de índice volumétrico de humedad en el suelo para así poder reducir el volumen de riego aplicado semanalmente en un porcentaje variable.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto demostrativo "Digitalización del riego en el cultivo de los cítricos por medio de sensores y adaptación al cambio climático optimizando el consumo de agua (CITRUSREG)". Este ha sido financiado a través de los fondos FEADER con la operación 01.02.01 de Transferencia Tecnológica del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluña 2014-2022.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impact of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and plant density on stay-green and its effects on agronomic traits in maize
Get PDFIntroduction: The stay-green (SG) or delayed leaf senescence enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthetic capacity for a longer time after flowering. It is considered an important trait in maize breeding, which has contributed to gain in grain yield of modern varieties. It has been also used to improve the tolerance to drought and deficiencies in nitrogen fertilization (NF). However, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of water irrigation (WI), NF, and plant density (PD) on SG and the effect of SG on agronomic traits in maize.
Methods: Four SG lines and four non–stay-green (NSG) lines were evaluated in four contrasting environments under two WI, three NF, and two PD levels.
Results and discussion: As expected, the chlorophyll content of leaves at 45 days after flowering (Chlo45) was, on average, higher in the SG group of lines. The difference in Chlo45 between the SG and NSG genotypes was consistent across WI, NF, and PD and the environments. This is indicative that internal or developmental factors were more important than external signals in controlling the senescence. The effect of SG increasing thousand-kernel weight, stover yield at harvest, or moisture was not influenced by WI, NF, or PD but was altered by the background environment. Our results have implications for the application of SG as a secondary trait for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies could consider a wider range of environmental conditions to assess the performance of SG traits under different climatic and soil conditions.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the project AGL2016-77628-R, Spain; and IN 607A – Grupos de referencia competitiva (GRC) Xunta de Galicia, Spain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Art of Bacterial Warfare: Know Thy Enemy
No full textThe author would like to thank the European Commission and additional national funding agencies for providing funds in the frame of the collaborative international consortium SPARE-SEA, financed under the 2020 AquaticPollutants Joint call of the AquaticPollutants ERA-NET Cofund (GA No. 869178). This ERA-NET is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water, Oceans, and AMR JPIs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio