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Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome identified the key gene networks regulating fruit length in melon
Get PDFBackground
Melon is an ideal crop model for studying fruit development. Fruit shape is an important quality trait, and fruit length is a key indicator affecting fruit shape. However, studies on the genes regulating melon fruit length are still limited.
Results
In this study, we investigated the gene network regulating fruit morphology in melons utilizing transcriptome profile and a co-expression pattern-based approach. Four co-expression modules/gene networks highly correlated with changes in endogenous plant hormone levels at different developmental stages were identified. We pinpointed 11 key genes associated with cell development, 4 genes related to microtubule development, and 16 genes involved in the auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) pathway. These genes were identified as module hubs, and their expression level correlated with phenotypic variation. Through rigorous screening methods, we enhanced the likelihood that these genes are genuine candidates in the regulation of the fruit morphology network. These genes play a significant role in controlling fruit length, providing crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying melon fruit development.
Conclusions
Our findings revealed candidate genes that regulate melon fruit length, helping in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melon fruit development. These genes will be valuable for implementing marker-assisted breeding strategies.This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172581), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2025-ZFRI), Agriculture Research System of China (CARS-25-2025-G6), the Henan Special Funds for Major Science and Technology (2211001T10400), Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1610192023306), Henan Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (242102520045).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Land Surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-Arid Environment (LIAISE) field campaign
No full textOne of the greatest challenges facing environmental science is to better understand the impacts of predicted future changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle. It has been recognized that human activities play a key role and must therefore be considered in future climate simulations. The representation of anthropization in land surface schemes within global earth system models is at a relatively nascent stage and must be improved for more accurate future projections of water resources. The understanding of the impact of anthropogenic processes has been hampered by the lack of consistent and extensive observations. Here, we present the Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment (LIAISE) project field campaign which brought together ground-based (surface energy budget estimated at 7 sites, 269 radio soundings made at 2 sites and multiple remote sensing instruments for profiling the lower atmosphere), airborne measurements (3 airplanes and numerous drones measuring surface and atmospheric properties) and satellite data (to derive estimates of irrigation timing, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and surface temperature) to improve our understanding of key natural and anthropogenic land processes and boundary layer feedbacks. The study area is in the Ebro basin of northeastern Spain in a hot, dry Mediterranean climate, with a sharp demarcation between a vast intensively irrigated region and a much drier rainfed zone to the east. Analysis of the observations reveal strong surface heterogeneities of evapotranspiration within the irrigated zone (differences upwards of approximately 7 mm day-1 between fields), linked to the crop type, vegetation phenology and soil moisture, all of which were modulated by irrigation. The significant surface flux differences between the irrigated and rainfed zones were found to result in strongly contrasting atmospheric boundary layer properties (between 2 supersites separated by 14 km) extending upwards through the lowest several km of the atmosphere.We wish to acknowledge the financial support of the French National Agency for research (grant number ANR-19-CE01-0017 in support of the project ”HILIAISE : Human imprint on Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment”) which funded the ATR42 flights, field work by numerous French laboratories and overall project support. The Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE) team is also acknowledged for the excellent execution of the air campaign. J. Cuxart, D. Martínez-Villagrasa, B. Martí, J.R. Miró and Burkhard Wrenger acknowledge projects WISE-ET (RTI2018-098693-B-C31) and WET-ARID (PID2021-124006OB-I00) funded by Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF A way of making Europe). J. Groh is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - project no. 460817082. J. Bellvert and J. Cristóbal acknowledge the support by the Project ET4DROUGHT (No. PID2021-127345OR-C31) funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN-AEI) of Spain and PRIMA ALTOS [No. PCI 2019–103649]. M. Le Page and P. Fanise acknowledge the support by project WINEO funded by the European Space Agency. A. Rouchon acknowledges funding from École Nationale de la Météorologie, Météo-France. B. Martí was supported during the campaign by the grant FPI-CAIB (FPI/2165/2018) of the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació, Recerca i Turisme del Govern de les Illes Balears and the Fons Social Europeu (European Social Fund). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Space Agency (ESA) for developing the HyPlant processing pipeline in the frame of the FLEXSense campaign (ESA Contract No. 4000125402/18/NL/NA) and the Photoproxy project (ESA contract No. 4000125731/19/NL/LF). Additionally, we want to acknowledge the financial support by the ‘Strukturwandel-Projekt Bioökonomie REVIER’, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project identification number 031B0918A) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070–390732324. The authors would like to acknowledge the Observation-based Research Boundary Layer Measurement Facility staff at the Met Office including Tony Jones, Robert Clark, Martyn Pickering, Bernard Claxton, and Jenna Thorton. The authors are very grateful to local actors for their support: Josep Berenguer and the ensemble of the involved IRTA personnel, Carme Bernat of Canal Segarra-Garrigues and the team of SAF-sampling at Els Plans site, the Catalan Firefighters of the Catalan Government for their help with the setting of the scintillometers, the Pla d’Urgell county for the access to the Ivars-Vilasana Lake, and Josep Maria Tribó for allowing the use of the alfalfa field at La Cendrosa. We wish to thank the Ajuntament de Preixana for their assistance in hosting a measurement site. M. Udina and J. Bech acknowledge support from the Water Research Institute of the University of Barcelona , and the Spanish projects MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2021-124253OB-I00 ARTEMIS and RTI2018-098693-B-C32 WISE-PreP). Finally, we wish to thank the AERIS data center for hosting and providing user support of the LIAISE database (https://liaise.aeris-data.fr/). The LIAISE project webpage is supported by Météo-France and can be accessed at https://www.hymex.fr/liaise/.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Avançament de resultats de les varietats de blat de moro de cicle curt per a gra
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Resultats dels assaigs de soja en primera data de sembra
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Salinity patterns and local migration determine the isotopic composition of the invasive blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, along the Spanish Mediterranean coast
Get PDFδ13C and δ15N patterns of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and its potential diets, were investigated in eleven localities within four invaded regions of the Spanish Mediterranean (Catalonia, Valencia, Alicante, and Murcia) subjected to contrasting salinities and degrees of connectivity with the open sea. These regions host blue crab fisheries of variable importance that might be regulated by availability of food resources and local environmental conditions. When present, large adults and immature, subadult sizes of each sex were captured to evaluate possible differences associated to age movement across habitats. SIBER and MixSIAR were used to assess patterns of isotopic niche and dietary contributions. Results showed significant effects for all factors and interactions (except for Sex and Sex x Size in δ15N). The effect size in Region (ηp2 = 0.82 and 0.70, respectively for δ13C and δ15N) and Locality (ηp2 = 0.53 and 0.46), was substantially greater than that of crab Size (ηp2 = 0.37 and 0.21) and Sex (ηp2 = 0.06 and 0.02), concurring with increasing levels of isotopic niche overlap (9% and 11% in Locality and Region, 32% in Size and 44% in Sex). MixSiar results indicated strongly variable contributions from food sources at each locality (TPs from 2.3 to 3.6), but with higher quantity of fish, algae, and crustaceans (27.7%, 18% and 15.1%). Dietary results showed little relation with isotopic patterns, whereas significant associations were found between local salinities and signatures in both crabs (R2 = 0.518 and 0.757, for δ13C and δ15N) and diets. Overall, our study suggests that blue crab habitat use in small Mediterranean estuaries might largely differ from native areas, with movements being mostly restricted to young individuals and/ or certain localities with higher connectivity with the open sea (e.g., the Ebro River). Salinity conditions emerge as a major variable shaping isotopic patterns of populations on a large scale.Funding was provided by the Spanish Government (Ministry of Science and Technology) under the ECESIS project (Subproject 1: PID2020-118476RR-C21 to P. Prado and S. Falco; and Subproject 2: PID2020-118476RR-C22 to E. Guijarro and C. Barberà). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 21: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2024
Get PDFThe qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a
safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed
chains. In the period covered by this Statement, no new information was found that
would change the status of previously recommended QPS taxonomic units (TUs).
The TUs in the QPS list were updated based on a verification, against their respective
authoritative databases, of the correctness of the names and completeness of
synonyms. Of 54 microorganisms notified to EFSA between April and September
2024 (33 as feed additives, 17 as food enzymes or additives, 4 as novel foods), 50
were not evaluated because: 12 were filamentous fungi, 1 was Enterococcus faecium
and 8 were Escherichia coli (all excluded from the QPS evaluation), and 29 were TUs
that already have a QPS status. One notification (Ensifer adhaerens) was already
evaluated in a previous Panel Statement. Another notification (Enterococcus lactis)
was already evaluated in the previous 3-year
QPS cycle and was reassessed within
this document. Two TUs were notified for the first time and were assessed for a
possible QPS status: Serratia plymuthica and Lacticaseibacillus huelsenbergensis.
Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus nakamurai have been assessed for a possible QPS
status in response to internal requests. The following was concluded on the five
assessed TUs. L. huelsenbergensis can be granted the QPS status based on its close
relatedness to several other QPS Lacticaseibacillus species. E. lactis is not recommended
for the QPS status due to insufficient information on safety. S. plymuthica
and B. thuringiensis are not recommended for the QPS status due to safety concerns.
B. nakamurai cannot be recommended for the QPS list due to a lack of body
of knowledge for its use in the food and feed chain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of wet aging, dry bag aging, and stepwise aging methods on meat quality and sensory attributes of steaks from pasture and grain finished steers
Get PDFThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of 2 finishing diets (F: pasture or grain) and 4 meat aging methods (AM) on physicochemical traits, microbiological loads, and sensory attributes of beef, with aging methods as follows: wet aging (WA) for 40 d; dry aging in the bag (DAb) for 40 d; dry bag for 20 d + wet 20 d (DW); and wet 20 d + dry bag 20 d (WD). Sixty striploins, consisting of the right and left Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle, from British crossbred steers, were employed, with 15 pairs of striploins obtained from pasture-finished and 15 pairs from grain-finished diet. Meat from grain-finished steers was lighter (greater L* values; P 0.05) except for a* and b* coordinates of lean color. There was a significant AM * F interaction effect on the fatty acid compo- sition for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; c9, t11-18:2), saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and PUFA n6. Greater concentrations of PUFA, PUFA n6, and CLA (P < 0.01) were observed in all AM treatments from pasture-finished and in WD from grain-finished steers; meanwhile, SFA and MUFA were greater in DW and WD from grain-finished animals (P < 0.05). A greater PUFA:SFA ratio (P < 0.05) and lower n6:n3 ratio (P < 0.01) were found in pasture-finished than in grain-finished steers. Consumers preferred tenderness, flavor, and overall liking from DAb and WA samples (P < 0.05) over WD steaks. AM had the greatest influence on the physicochemical and microbial properties, while the finishing diet primarily affected the fatty acid composition and consumer preferences. All aging methods were acceptable to consumers, but combining wet and dry aging in a bag did not enhance sensory appeal.The authors would like to thank INIA Uruguay for funding that made this study possible, Project N-24992 “New aging alternatives and preservation methods of beef from different finishing systems”. Daniela Correa acknowledges her INIA Academic Excellence Award assistantship (PhD) and the Postgraduate School of Agronomy of the University of the Republic for their academic training. The authors thank the Meat Technology Laboratory staff of INIA Tacuarembó for their dedication and effort in all the analyses and services performed. Also, they would like to acknowledge Tacuarembó MARFRIG’s staff.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 4 (fresh-cut FVH process water management plan)
Get PDFWater used in post-harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross-contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the fresh-cut FVH sector is characterised by process water at cooled temperature, operational cycles between 1 and 15 h, and product volumes between 700 and 3000 kg. Intervention strategies were based on water disinfection treatments mostly using chlorine-based disinfectants. Water replenishment was not observed within studied industries. The industrial data, which included 19 scenarios were used to develop a guidance for a water management plan (WMP) for the fresh-cut FVH sector. A WMP aims to maintain the fit-for-purpose microbiological quality of the process water and consists of: (a) identification of microbial hazards and hazardous events linked to process water; (b) establishment of the relationship between microbiological and physico-chemical parameters; (c) description of preventive measures; (d) description of intervention measures, including their validation, operational monitoring and verification; and (e) record keeping and trend analysis. A predictive model was used to simulate water management outcomes, highlighting the need for water disinfection treatments to maintain the microbiological quality of the process water and the added value of water replenishment. Relying solely on water replenishment (at realistic feasible rates) does not avoid microbial accumulation in the water. Operational monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters ensures that the disinfection systems are operating effectively. Verification includes microbiological analysis of the process water linked to the operational monitoring outcomes of physico-chemical parameters. Although Escherichia coli and Listeria spp. could be indicators for assessing water quality, food business operators should set up and validate a tailored WMP to identify physico-chemical parameters, as well as microbial indicators and their threshold levels, as performance standards for maintaining the fit-for-purpose microbiological quality of the process water during post-harvest handling and processing operations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Biogeography and genetic diversity of freshwater diatoms: The potential of large combined rbcL metabarcoding datasets
Get PDFAiming to gain a general picture of rbcL diversity within freshwater diatom species, this study assembles and analyzes multiple metabarcoding datasets spanning various geographical regions. From these datasets, we inferred >10,000 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of 263-bp length. More than half of the 1000 most abundant ASVs were recorded in both Eurasia and N America and there was only limited evidence for continent-specific lineages. The geographical range was extended for some species, illustrating the potential of metabarcoding datasets for such checks. For detailed analysis of intraspecific diversity, 73 freshwater species were selected, corresponding to 360 ASVs assigned phylogenetically. We found notable variation, some species being represented by only one or a few ASVs, while others were represented by a higher number. Furthermore, within species, ASVs exhibited different dominance and distribution patterns, in some cases with a head-tail pattern, in others a more equal spread of abundance or unresolved reticulate relationships. Except for Ulnaria ulna, no geographical structure among species' ASVs was detectable in haplotype networks using the 263-bp rbcL marker. Observed heterogeneity within species was categorized by computing several metrics of genetic variation and classified into three groups, reflecting optimal sampling strategies based on the patterns of intraspecific variation in the 73 target species There was a significant relationship between intraspecific diversity and the traditional separation between ‘centric’ and ‘pennate’ diatoms, with centric species exhibiting significantly fewer variants than pennates, possibly because of different plastid inheritance patterns.We thank Dr. Martyn Kelly and Prof. Steve Juggins for information about the UK metabarcoding dataset and river diatom flora, and Dr. Thibauld Michel for invaluable help in developing an effective strategy for BLAST searches of NCBI GenBank. We acknowledge Research Computing at the James Hutton Institute for providing computational resources and technical support for the “UK's Crop Diversity Bioinformatics HPC” (BBSRC grants BB/S019669/1 and BB/X019683/1); the use of this facility contributed to the later phases of the work reported here. We acknowledge support from the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. J. Pérez-Burillo acknowledges IRTA and Universitat Rovira i Virgili for his Martí Franqués PhD grant (2018PMF-PIPF-22) during which most of the work related to this article was conducted. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their time and comments. Last but by no means least, we want to acknowledge and thank the researchers who generated and shared the datasets that made this study possible.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Varietats de panís de cicle curt per a gra
Get PDFLa sembra més habitual de les varietats de cicles 300, 400 i 500 és com a segon cultiu darrera d’un primer cultiu d’hivern. Després de tres any d’assaig les varietats amb un millor comportament productiu han estat P0937, DKC5032YG, PIANELLO, EXPERTIZE, RGT HUXXO, P0900, P1049, RGT MEXXPLEDE, P0710, LG31555, 524A i INDEM668, amb 2 anys d’assaig també han destacat les varietats P0937Y i 6130C. En aquestes sembres l’elecció del cicle de la varietat a sembrar en funció de la data de sembra final és clau per evitar danys per gelades primerenques a l’octubre i poder collir el gra amb humitats raonables.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio