4629 research outputs found
Sort by
The role of Fragaria vesca homolog of a (Z)-3:(E)-2-hexenal isomerase in the development of green-leafy fruit aroma
Get PDFThe green leaf volatiles (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal are key components of the characteristic strawberry aroma, an important determinant of consumer preferences. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are C6 compounds that impart fresh, green notes and are involved in plant wounding responses. GLV biosynthesis requires several enzymatic steps to convert polyunsaturated fatty acids to C6-aldehydes,
alcohols, and esters, respectively. However, the biosynthesis of GLVs in strawberries, such as the isomerization of (Z)-3-hexenal to (E)-2-hexenal, remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a (Z)-3:(E)-2-hexenal isomerase gene (FvHI) using phylogenetic analysis, characterized its expression in different tissues, and characterized its function using stable transformation. Volatile analysis by gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of fruits from a Fragaria vesca near-isogenic line (NIL) collection revealed a distinct ratio of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal in lines containing Fragaria bucharica introgressions in the distal end of linkage group 5. Consequently, FvHI was located within this genomic region. The coding sequence of FvHI was nearly identical between the recurrent parent and a
selected NIL individual containing an introgression in the distal end linkage group 5, indicating that the contrasting ratio of (Z)-3 and (E)-2 GLV isomers may be attributed to transcriptional differences. Accordingly, FvHI expression in ripe fruits was lower in the selected NIL individual than in the recurrent parent. Lastly, FvHI overexpression decreased (Z)-3-hexenal accumulation and increased (E)-2-hexenal accumulation in the recurrent parent and the selected NIL individual. These results suggest that FvHI plays a role in producing the characteristic strawberry aroma by converting (Z)-3-hexenal to (E)-2-hexenal.This work was funded by the ‘Agencia Estatal de Investigación’ (AEI) (Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities; Government of Spain) through grants RTA2013-00010-00-00, PID2020-119052RR-I00 and TED2021-130898B-C32 and through the grant CEX2019-000902-S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. This work was also supported by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and by the “European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR”. Rong Zhang was supported by a China Scholarship Council predoctoral grant. Dylan Nunally Martinez is a recipient of the predoctoral fellowship HORIZON-MSCA-2021-COFUND-01 rePLANT-GA101081581 Funded by the European Union. Dr. Koskela was supported by a grant from Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth foundation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Helmintosporiosi reticular de l'ordi a Catalunya: un repte present i futur
No full textL'ordi és un dels cereals més conreats a Catalunya, fonamental tant per a la producció de pinso com per a la indústria maltera. No obstant això, com qualsevol cultiu, s'enfronta a diverses amenaces que en poden comprometre el rendiment i la qualitat. Una de les malalties més rellevants i recurrents als nostres camps és l'helmintosporiosi reticular, una patologia fúngica que requereix vigilància i una gestió adequada per minimitzar-ne l'impacte. És una malaltia causada pel fong Pyrenophora teres f. teres (la seva forma sexual o teleomorf), antigament anomenat Helminthosporium teres, tot i que sovint ens referim a ell pel nom de la seva forma asexual, Drechslera teres.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Two volatiles from anthracnose-infected blueberries trigger electrophysiological and aversive behavioral responses in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
No full textNative to Southeast Asia, the spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is an economically important invasive pest of thin-skinned fruits such as raspberries, blueberries, and strawberries worldwide. To reduce the reliance on insecticides for managing this pest, alternative strategies like behavioral manipulation are needed. Previous studies have shown that D. suzukii adults avoid blueberry fruits infected with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino & Gouli, which causes anthracnose fruit rot, leading to the identification of 9 potential repellent compounds. In this study, we further investigated the two most potent of these compounds—ethyl butanoate and ethyl (E)-but-2-enoate—to assess their repellent properties on the antennal and behavioral responses of D. suzukii. Electroantennogram (EAG) assays revealed that both esters elicited similar dose-dependent responses in male and female D. suzukii, which were often stronger than those triggered by 2-pentylfuran, a known repellent of this species. Additionally, we examined the behavioral responses of adult D. suzukii to these 3 repellent compounds under semi-field and field conditions using outdoor cages containing potted and planted blueberry bushes, respectively. Results from the cage studies showed that all 3 tested compounds can significantly reduce D. suzukii oviposition and adult emergence from blueberry fruits, with ethyl (E)-but-2-enoate sometimes outperforming the other compounds. Our findings indicate that the esters ethyl butanoate and ethyl (E)-but-2-enoate, which are induced from C. fioriniae-infected blueberries, elicit dose-dependent effects on D. suzukii antennae and act as effective oviposition deterrents. This supports their potential as promising tools for managing this pest through behavioral strategies.This study was funded by a USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) grant (LNE22-455R), a USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative (Award # 2020-51181-32140), The Sridhar Polavarapu Memorial Endowment for Vaccinium Research, and the Hatch project No. NJ08550.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
La importancia del riego y la necesidad de optimizarlo
Get PDFEn un escenario donde la pluviometría es insuficiente para cubrir la demanda hídrica de los cultivos y asegurar una
producción aceptable, la disponibilidad de agua de riego de precisión es una fuente de riqueza que permite la
competitividad del sector primario y la persistencia de actividad económica ligada al territorio.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables andherbs (ffFVHs)
Get PDFThis tender, developed under a self-task mandate from the BIOHAZ Panel, analysed the characteristics of the water and the practices followed by the European food business operators (FBOs) to maintain process water quality used during the post-harvest handling and processing operations for fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVHs) using: information and data obtained from FBOs, experimental data extracted from literature and dynamic mass balance modelling. Quantitative data were obtained from 61 FBO scenarios (29 from the fresh-whole sector, 19 from the fresh-cut sector, and 13 from the frozen sector). The impact of no water treatment was evaluated in 17 scenarios, while in 44, the challenges of maintaining the microbiological quality with water disinfection agents were examined, including chlorine, peroxyacetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The findings highlighted that when no water disinfection treatment was used Listeria monocytogenes was detected in some scenarios of the fresh-whole and frozen FVH sectors as well as Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and norovirus in the fresh-cut and frozen FVH sector. Additionally, inadequate or improper monitoring systems resulted in either excessively high or insufficient disinfectant concentrations in the water, which, when too low, failed to sufficiently reduce the microbial load. The literature review revealed a tendency to: focus on leafy greens, use chlorine-based disinfectants, and employ chemical oxygen demand (COD) as the primary physico-chemical parameter, with total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity considered to a lesser extent, as indicators of water quality. Additionally, dynamic mass balance modelling was used to interpret experimental data from literature and FBOs. The model was fundamental to estimate key unknown parameters, predict the microbial contamination and accumulation of organic matter and allowing to simulate “what-if scenarios.”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Data paper: Pig body composition during growth determined non-destructively or through dissection and intramuscular fat content in different anatomical locations
Get PDFData from the body composition of 90 pigs from three crossbreeds (Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), Pietrain × (Landrace × Large White) and Landrace × Large White) obtained at four different moments during growth (30, 70, 100 and 120 kg BW) are presented. Moreover, a subsample of pigs at 30, 70 and 100 kg as well as all those of 120 kg were slaughtered. All left carcasses were cut following the EU reference cutting and some of them dissected, either through a simplified dissection (four main cuts) or a full dissection (all the cuts except head and front and hind feet). At each target BW, live pigs were scanned by computed tomography (CT), providing the volume associated with each Hounsfield value. In addition, several measures (area, thickness, etc.) were obtained from CT images at specific anatomical locations, in order to characterise the body composition. Carcass characteristics (fat and muscle thickness) were also obtained directly from the carcass after slaughter and the weight and intramuscular fat content of three ham muscles and three loin locations were determined. This information can be used to develop growth curves for different tissues and cuts and to understand tissue deposition at various growth stages, either globally across all animals or to compare genotypes. Also, it provides a valuable database for exploring the relationship between whole carcass composition and that of the individual cuts, since it provides both the weight of all the cuts and the different tissue weights from dissections. Moreover, differences between full and simplified dissection can be studied from the database. Intramuscular fat is an important quality trait that affects consumer acceptance of meat, both visually and in terms of eating quality. Usually, intramuscular fat is measured in one muscle, but the database provides information from six different muscle/locations in the pig carcass, allowing a deeper analysis of this attribute. All these data have been used in several publications, but it can be reused and reanalysed using alternative methodologies and for different purposes.The present study was supported by the Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias-INIA (Evaluación in vivo del crecimiento alométrico de los tejidos muscular y adiposo de los cerdos según la genética y el sexo mediante tomografía computarizada RTA2010-00014-00-00). The authors acknowledge the support of the Consolidated Research Group (2021 SGR 00461) and CERCA Programme (Generalitat de Catalunya).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impact of rising temperatures during dormancy on key yield components in almond
No full textAgriculture must adapt to the effects of climate change, with temperatures expected to rise in the coming de cades. Deciduous fruit trees rely heavily on temperature regimes during dormancy, requiring low temperatures in
winter and mild temperatures in early spring to exit this phase. This study aims to assess how high temperatures
at different dormancy stages negatively impact on almond trees. To investigate this, mobile greenhouses were
placed in the field for two seasons at different chill accumulation stages to alter dormancy progression in almond
trees, simulating different future climate scenarios increasing temperatures. Additionally, various management
strategies were tested, including intensive pruning and flower bud reduction, to determine their potential to
minimize climate change effects, and early defoliation to not allow the tree accumulating all the carbohydrates
reserves. The results showed that key yield components were affected in nearly all climate scenarios tested across
both seasons. Insufficient chilling significantly reduced final yield, while increased temperatures in February,
right before bloom, were equally detrimental for almond trees. Early defoliation decreased fruit set by increasing
abnormal flower percentages and reducing yield compared with non-treated trees. Intensive pruning did not
show significant differences improving yield and fruit set. Flower bud reduction increased fruit set, but it was not
enough to improve final yield. These findings highlight high pre-bloom temperatures as a critical factor in
almond performance and underscore the need to develop adaptive strategies to mitigate their negative effects in
future climate change scenariosActivity co-financed by the EU through intervention 7201 of the CAP Strategic Plan 2023–2027: ClimaFruit: Efectes del canvi climàtic en el cultiu de la poma i pera a Catalunya al llarg del segle XXI (ClimaFruit: Effects of Climate Change on Apple and Pear Cultivation in Catalonia Throughout the 21st Century), co-funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) and Gobierno de España (Government of Spain). This article has also received funding from project PID2020–118612RR-I00: Mejora genética de almendro (INIA-RTA).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
First UASS drift curves for agroforestry scenarios in Spain
No full textUnmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) allow the agricultural sector to execute precision spraying of plant
protection products (PPPs). However, scientific knowledge regarding the spray drift generated by these aerial
spraying systems is needed to facilitate their integration into European agriculture. Currently, UASS spray drift
models have not been developed. This study aims to characterize sedimenting spray drift curves for UASS in 3D
crops and compare them with reference drift models used in the environmental risk assessment of PPPs in Europe
under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. To accomplish this, drift trials were conducted in typical agroforestry
scenarios in Spain, including super high-density olive orchards, grapevines, and pine tree plantations. UASSs
generated more drift than the terrestrial reference drift models in grapevine trials. Conversely, in super high density olive orchards, the drift generated by UASSs was significantly reduced compared to both terrestrial
and aerial reference models. For pine trees, a reliable UASS sedimenting drift curve could not be established.
UASSs present a promising tool for agricultural applications, though with certain limitations. The similarity in
drift between UASSs and the aerial reference model in grapevines may result from a wider-than-necessary swath
width. Future developments of UASS should consider implementing variable-width spraying to match the target
plant size. In forestry crops, the high spraying altitude complicated the development of a reliable sedimenting
drift curve under the conditions of this study. Further research is needed to optimize UASS use in various
agricultural settings.This work was supported by OG PhytoDron (Validation and Safety of Drone Applications in the Agroforestry Environment), co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food & European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Genetic determinism of fatty acid composition in liver, muscle, backfat and plasma and its link to immunocompetence and performance in pigs
No full textFatty acids are a diverse group of lipid molecules that play essential roles in energy metabolism, cellular differentiation and signalling mechanisms. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic determinism of fatty acid composition across backfat, liver, muscle and plasma and its association with immunocompetence and performance traits in pigs. Fatty acid profiles were analysed in 432 commercial Duroc pigs. High heritability was found for most fatty acids in backfat and for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver, while muscle and plasma showed medium to low heritabilities. Strong genetic correlations were observed between the relative abundance of γδ T cells and cytotoxic T cells with the lipid profiles of backfat and muscle, with opposite patterns between these cell types. Muscle unsaturated fatty acids were positively correlated with phagocytosis capacity and red blood cell traits, and negatively with plasma cortisol. Acute phase proteins showed similar correlations with liver lipids but opposite with some plasma fatty acids. Lean meat and fatness traits were particularly associated to the backfat fatty acid composition, showing opposite correlation patterns, while pH was strongly correlated with the liver fatty acid profile. These results demonstrated the specific lipid profiles of backfat, liver, muscle and plasma, their genetic determinism, and their relationships with immunity and production traits.The study was funded by grants PID2020-112677RB-C21 and PID2023-148961OB-C21 and awarded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033. C. Hernández-Banqué was supported by a FPI grant (PRE2021-097825) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. T. Jové-Juncà was funded with an IRTA fellowship (CPI1221). The authors are part to a Consolidated Research Group AGAUR “Sustainable animal husbandry” (AGAUR, reference 2021-SGR-01552).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Principales problemas sensoriales de las carnes y de los preparados de carne (V)
No full textContinuamos en este artículo con la serie sobre los problemas sensoriales que pueden presentar las carnes y los preparados de carne, principalmente los producidos por contaminación microbiológica o mohos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio