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Screening Almond Cultivars for Water Stress Tolerance Using Multiple Diagnostic Parameters
No full textClimate change influences the agronomic behaviour of fruit trees. It is necessary to determine which cultivars adapt best to conditions in which water supplies are becoming increasingly scarce. This study analyses different phenological, morphological, physiological, agronomic and productive parameters to evaluate water stress tolerance in six late-blooming
almond cultivars widely grown in Spain (‘Ferragnès’, ’Francolí’, ‘Masbovera’, ‘Glorieta’,
’Guara’ and ‘Lauranne’). Two different plots were analysed: one under regulated deficit
irrigation, at Les Borges Blanques, Lleida, with a water deficit (146.2 mm/year) and the
other under rainfed conditions, at Mas Bové, Constantí, Tarragona, with a water deficit
(284.5 mm/year). Parameters, including an increase in canopy volume, leaf-to-air thermal
gradient, and slope between leaf water potential and level of leaf saturation, have proven
to be good indicators of resistance to water stress. Yield variation and leaf temperature variation between rainfed and irrigated conditions also perform quite well. An assessment of
leaf chlorophyll content, measured using SPAD-502, suggested the presence of a collateral
effect resulting from the opacity of the biomass, as well as to chlorophyll-related cuticular
colouring. Finally, under the experimental conditions, ‘Guara’ and ‘Masbovera’ proved
the most resistant cultivars; ‘Glorieta’ and ‘Francolí’ exhibited an intermediate level, and
‘Lauranne’ and ‘Ferragnès’ were the least resistant cultivars.This research was funded by Spain’s Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), within its Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias, under grant RTA2004-030.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Targeting frustration: a review on reducing abnormal behaviors in broiler breeders via environmental enrichment
No full textBroiler breeders are an essential component of broiler production, yet their welfare is compromised due to current management practices like feed restriction and housing conditions. These practices can lead to the development of abnormal behaviors, such repetitive pecking, feather licking, feather pecking, pacing, and polydipsia. Abnormal behaviors are indicative of poor welfare, and environmental enrichment is one potential strategy that can be used to reduce them. The impacts and use of environmental enrichment in broiler breeder production are an understudied field, and this review aims to identify potential environmental enrichment strategies that may mitigate abnormal behaviors in broiler breeders and highlight existing research gaps. The identified enrichments are pecking blocks, bales of substrate, perches, cover panels, and hanging pecking objects. These enrichments have been shown to address abnormal behaviors, encourage environmental complexity, and improve animal welfare. However, most of the enrichments proposed in this literature review need to be further studied to fully understand their impact on breeder behavior and welfare.The author(s) declared that financial support was not received for this work and/or its publication.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Nanoscale phycology
No full textIn 1980, the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms was held in Budapest, Hungary. It was the first opportunity many of us had to meet our colleagues from behind the “Iron Curtain” and an early harbinger of the perestroika of politics and science that took place a decade later and is now being reversed. There were many worthy contributions, and as was usual at the time, the Proceedings were published in a special volume edited by Ross (1981). One of the presentations that was not included in the volume was one by the late Beatrice Booth of the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, who showed a series of slides of curious tiny cells, covered by elaborate silica plates that abutted to form a continuous wall, rather than overlapping as in scaly synurophytes. The slide projection during this symposium was tricky (the Hungarian projector didn't like some of our transparencies), but participants, including micropaleontologists and widely experienced botanists (e.g., Hans Adolf von Stosch), were introduced to these “new” organisms, and Beatrice asked whether we had seen anything like them previously or had any idea what they might be. None of us had. A paper was published the same year (Booth et al., 1980), reporting and illustrating the cells from nanoplankton in the Gulf of Alaska. It was suggested that they were “likely a cyst stage and that they may be part of the life cycle of species of siliceous oceanic choanoflagellates.” Of course, at that time, there was no realistic possibility of using DNA or protein sequence data to check their true affinities, and “opisthokonts” and “stramenopiles” were concepts of the far future.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Varietats de blat de moro de cicle llarg per a gra
No full textL’híbrid que, amb els resultats de quatre campanyes, ha mostrat un millor comportament productiu a les comarques litorals de Girona ha estat LG31710YG, mentre que als regadius de Lleida, han destacat les varietats DKC6351YG i MAXEED. Per altre banda, les més tardanes a floració i que també han mostrat humitats més altes han estat 7585C, LG31688 i LG31710YG. La varietat més sensibles a Fusarium verticillioides en la panotxa ha estat KWS POSEIDO mentre que el major pes del gra s’ha observat en les varietats DKC6715 i P1524.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
RESALLIANCE: fortaleciendo la resiliencia del paisaje mediterráneo ante el cambio climático
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
El tigre del peral como plaga emergente, qué sabemos y cómo lo controlamos
No full textLa producción de manzanas y peras se encuentra entre las diez primeras de producción frutícola de Europa, siendo Catalunya el principal productor de ambos cultivos. Plagas como el tigre del peral, antes consideradas como secundarias, están pasando a ser protagonistas favorecidas por el calentamiento global (altas temperaturas y bajas humedades relativas) y la retirada progresiva de productos fitosanitarios en la Unión Europea.Los autores cuentan con el apoyo financiero del proyecto CERCA y del Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Los autores también quieren agradecer a los agricultores de producción ecológica que participan activamente en los proyectos, a la Agrupació Defensa Vegetal Ecològica de Ponent (ADV) y a todos sus técnicos por el gran apoyo en estas investigaciones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Desarrollo de indicadores fisiológicos y conductales de estado emocional positivo en cerdos
No full textEste estudio pertenece al proyecto PIGWEB que ha recibido financiación del programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea (Grant Agreement No 101004770).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
All that glitters is not gold: towards the standardization of experimental trials assessing functional feeds with immunomodulatory properties
No full textFunctional feeds designed to enhance the host’s immune response and improve disease resistance are among the most popular strategies to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases and abiotic stressors in aquaculture. While reviewing the current scientific literature on this issue, we have detected that there is a need to standardize the evaluation criteria for feed additives with immunostimulant properties in terms of the duration of the trial and selection of key end-points related to the expected effect of the dietary intervention. The evaluation of the disease protective role of a feed additive should not be based only on end-points from cellular and immune biomarkers, but it should also be complemented with end-points based on survival data of specimens exposed to an in vivo infective challenge. We also recommend giving special consideration to the basal diet used in these studies since the inclusion of certain ingredients may have confounding results with those expected from the additive or functional ingredient of interest. Regardless of the in vivo challenge model selected (balneation, cohabitation, intraperitoneal injection, or oral/anal intubation), abiotic factors such as temperature, water flow, light, and water quality strongly influence the development of disease and must be also taken into consideration when designing experimental challenge models. Thus, it is of paramount importance to standardize the studies testing the efficacy of functional diets designed to protect the host from infectious agents and to assist in harmonizing the interpretation of their results.This work was supported by the grant number PID2023-147976OR-C21 by MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033. Silvia Torrecillas is financed by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2021-031414-I) funded by the MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidadades, Spain).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Caprine and bovine cheese whey valorization: high-pressure processing for α-lactalbumin fractionation from whey concentrates
No full textHigh-pressure processing was applied (HPP) on bovine (sweet and acidified) and caprine (acidified) cheese whey concentrated (CWC) by membranes, to obtain α-lactalbumin (α-La) enriched fractions. HPP treatment (600 MPa, 4 min) provoked in both bovine CWC high β-Lg precipitation (>80 %), leading to an α-La enriched fraction with a good balance between α-La yield and purification degree (>55 % and >80 %, respectively). Overall, HPP treatments of CWC led to values of α-La yield and purity lower to those obtained under similar conditions with bovine native concentrate whey. However, acidification of bovine CWC before HPP slightly influenced performance parameters (α-La yield, α-La purification degree and β-Lg precipitation degree). Under the same working conditions, acidified caprine CWC provided high values of α-La yield (94.88 %) but low α-La purification degree, due to undesirable β-Lg aggregation and precipitation, as confirmed by the marginal effects of pressure on the free thiol groups.This work was part of the DAINME-SME project and was supported under the grant agreement No 1833, project Dairy Innovation for Mediterranean SME DAINME-SME and CERCA Programme (Generalitat de Catalunya).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio