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Social influence distorts ratings in online interfaces
No full textTheoretical work on sequential choice and large-scale experiments in online ranking and voting systems has demonstrated that social influence can have a drastic impact on social and technological systems. Yet, the effect of social influence on online rating systems remains understudied and the few existing contributions suggest that online ratings would self-correct given enough users. Here, we propose a new framework for studying the effect of social influence on online ratings. We start from the assumption that people are influenced linearly by the observed average rating, but postulate that their propensity to be influenced varies. When the weight people assign to the observed average depends only on their own latent rating, the resulting system is linear, but the long-term rating may substantially deviate from the true mean rating. When the weight people put on the observed average depends on both their own latent rating and the observed average rating, the resulting system is non-linear, and may support multiple equilibria, suggesting that ratings might be path-dependent and deviations dramatic. Our results highlight potential limitations in crowdsourced information aggregation and can inform the design of more robust online rating systems
Endogenous altruism and long term care policies in a Mirrleesian setting
Get PDFThis study contributes to the long-term care policy literature by exploring how, in an uncertain environment, redistributive tax policies and long-term care program design interact with informal care incentives, shaping long-term caregiving outcomes. The analysis is done within an overlapping-generations model in the steady state under full and asymetric information. Altruistic children provide informal care to their elderly parents if dependent. Not all children are altruistic. Children’s level of altruism is shaped by the time and attention they received in childhood. Key findings, under asymetric information, include: (i) Allocations are distorted for redistributive purposes, except for savings, (ii) marginal income tax rates are positive, aligning with standard nonlinear income taxation models, and (iii) a consequence of government’s redistributive policies is to encourage time spent with children thus incresing family caregiving. These three findings apply to both “opting out” and “topping up” schemes. (iv) Savings must be subsidized in an opting out system due to fiscal externalities; (v) if public assistance carries a stigma, it may have to be distorted upward; the opting-out policy welfare dominates the topping-up policy. Finally, if long term care provision carries no stigma, opting out is more cost-effective than topping up in both first- and second-best
Nash equilibria are extremely unstable in most games under the utility-taking gradient dynamics
Get PDFIn the standard continuous-time choice-taking gradient dynamics in smooth two-player games, each player implicitly assumes that their opponent momentarily main-tains their last choice. Contrastingly, in the utility-taking gradient dynamics each player implicitly assumes that their opponent momentarily maintains their utility level, by marginally adjusting their choice to that effect. Somewhat surprisingly, employing a transversality argument we find that, in an open and dense set of smooth games, this dynamics is undefined at Nash equilibria. This occurs because, at a Nash equilibrium, the opponent’s indifference curve is not locally a function of one’s own strategy, mak-ing it impossible to specify an opponent’s adjustment that would maintain their utility in response to one’s own marginal deviation from Nash behavior. Furthermore, when approaching a Nash equilibrium of such a generic game, the utility-taking gradient dy-namics either accelerates without bound towards the equilibrium or diverges away from it with unbounded speed
Pas de renouvellement tacite au terme du mandat de gérant de société civile (Cass. com., 27 nov. 2024, n° 22-24.631)
No full textServitude par destination de père de famille et donation de biens communs : précisions sur l'unité de propriétaire
No full textAccord collectif et moyens de communication : tous les syndicats doivent pouvoir en bénéficier
No full textL’argument de la nature dans les traités de procédure romano-canonique
No full textCet article explore sommairement la place de l’argument de la nature dans un espace réduit du ius commune européen, à savoir les traités de procédure, les ordines iudiciarii. L’argument multiforme de la nature employé par les processualistes touche au personnel judiciaire (juges et avocats), à divers aspects de droit processuel (charge de la preuve, témoignage et aveu, possession, délais, prescription), mais aussi à quelques développements de droit substantiel apparaissant çà et là (droit des contrats)
Association : formalisme relatif à l'exclusion d’un sociétaire (Cass. 3e civ., 5 décembre 2024, n° 23-17.617)
No full textLa convocation adressée par une association à l'un de ses membres en vue de son exclusion doit indiquer précisément les griefs qui lui sont reprochés afin qu'il puisse utilement présenter sa défense, sous peine d'annulation de la décision d'exclusio