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Falling out with AI-buddies: The hidden costs of treating AI as a partner versus servant during service failure
No full textThe swift integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools in various industries, such as virtual assistants, chatbots, and service robots, raises inquiries about consumer reactions to these emerging technologies. To promote acceptance and enhance service interactions, companies frequently market these technologies by fostering parasocial and anthropomorphic relationships: the roles of partner and servant are among the most prevalent. Yet, the precise influence these relationship roles have on consumer responses remains uncertain. While extant literature primarily shows a positive effect of treating AI as a partner, in the current research, we find a multifaceted adverse effect of anthropomorphic partner (versus servant) relationships in the context of service failure. Across four studies, the results demonstrate that when consumers perceive an AI assistant as a relational partner, it heightens their inclination to attribute the failure to themselves because of elevated self-expansion perceptions with the AI. Furthermore, within this relationship dynamic, users exhibit reduced intentions of utilizing the AI agent again, as a result of a decreased sense of self-efficacy. Finally, the undesirable effects of a partner relationship following a service failure can be mitigated by drawing attention to the AI's learning capabilites. The findings of our research highlight a potential caveat of an AI-as-partner relationship, thus advancing our understanding of consumer interaction with AI from a relational perspective
Sequential pricing on multisided platforms
Get PDFMultisided platforms have emerged as an increasingly important market structure with the rise of the digital economy. In this paper, we consider sequential price setting behavior by platforms and demonstrate sequential pricing outcomes Pareto dominate simultaneous pricing outcomes in terms of firm and industry profits. We compare policy implications and find prices are more balanced across the platform and average prices are higher under sequential pricing than under simultaneous pricing. We also demonstrate that pricing power can be considered independently on each side of the market under multihoming behavior
Nonlinear reimbursement rules for preventive and curative medical care
Get PDFThis study examines nonlinear reimbursement rules for secondary preventive and therapeutic care. Individuals may be healthy or ill, with illness severity determining their ex-post type. Preventive care is chosen beforehand, while curative care is decided after health status is known. In an ideal scenario where health status is observable, optimal insurance provides lump-sum payments unrelated to expenditures. However, when severity is unobservable (causing ex post moral hazard), this approach is not incentive-compatible. Instead, optimal insurance designs benefits that increase with both preventive and curative care, as higher expenditures reduce informational rents and align incentives. Preventive care, though chosen before illness occurs, affects incentive constraints due to two factors: (1) it is more effective for severely ill individuals, and (2) they have lower marginal utility of income, meaning preventive expenditures impact them less. These effects shape the optimal reimbursement structure. Additionally, when individuals misperceive preventive care benefits, the main results hold, but an extra corrective (Pigouvian) term appears in the reimbursement formula to adjust for this misperception
The evolution of zero-sum and positive-sum worldviews
No full textPeople and cultures differ in the extent to which they view the world as a zero-sum environment (where one person’s gain is another’s loss) or a positive-sum environment (where certain actions can benefit everyone). These beliefs shape individuals’ willingness to work, invest, collaborate, or show hostility toward out-groups, and accept or reject various social policies. We model dyadic interactions in a heterogeneous population where individuals biased toward a zero-sum worldview are more likely to invest in competition, while those biased toward a positive-sum worldview are more likely to invest in cooperation. The environment alternates stochastically between cooperative and competitive states. Without social influence, the more accurate worldview yields higher utilities and spreads throughout the population. However, assortative matching by bias can favor the positive-sum worldview even if a positive-sum environment is somewhat less likely. With peer conformity, inaccurate worldviews can persist after a structural change in the environment, leading to cultural evolutionary mismatch. In the presence of cultural authorities who can alter beliefs, either both worldviews can coexist or one excludes the other. Moreover, when assortative matching and conformity interact, authorities may profit by amplifying individuals’ biases, creating enclaves of similarly biased people who can pay the authorities enough to make investment in persuasive technology economically viable. Cultural evolutionary mismatch is more likely in cultures marked by strong peer conformity and high responsiveness to authority when the authority promotes a suboptimal worldview. This study demonstrates how real-world conditions, peer influence, and authority interventions can perpetuate or shift zero-sum and positive-sum worldviews-at times leading to inaccurate beliefs
Une fiscalité suffisamment incitative pour les monuments historiques ?
No full textLe droit fiscal prend en considération la qualité particulière des immeubles classés ou inscrits au titre des monuments historiques. Selon les impositions, différents régimes de faveur existent. Ces régimes sont toutefois systématiquement conditionnés et leurs bénéfices varient souvent en fonction du mode d'exploitation de l'immeuble.
La fiscalité applicable aux monuments historiques est ainsi incitative. Elle pourrait cependant l'être davantage. Quelques pistes peuvent en effet être envisagées
Etats et conflits d'intérêts
No full textLe chapitre analyse l’émergence, dans le contexte post-Guerre froide, d’un régime international de prévention et de gestion des conflits d’intérêts, indissociable du paradigme du « second libéralisme » et de la gouvernance transgouvernementale. La délégation croissante de l’action publique et la circulation des agents entre sphères publiques et privées brouillent les frontières administratives et font du conflit d’intérêts un enjeu central de la bonne gouvernance démocratique. Le droit international retient une conception large et préventive de cette notion, intégrant les conflits réels, apparents et potentiels. Les instruments internationaux imposent aux États des obligations dites immédiates et facultatives : l’État doit soit prévenir les conflits d’intérêts, soit, à défaut, en corriger les effets par des mesures disciplinaires ou pénales, faute de quoi sa responsabilité peut être engagée. La seconde partie montre toutefois que ce régime est essentiellement conçu pour la gestion interne des conflits d’intérêts et demeure largement inopérant lorsqu’un État se trouve lui-même dans une situation équivalente au conflit d’intérêts au sein des enceintes internationales. Les organisations internationales disposent alors de mécanismes faiblement juridictionnalisés et largement procéduraux, insuffisants pour appréhender ces situations. Le chapitre met ainsi en évidence une asymétrie structurelle entre un encadrement international développé du conflit d’intérêts en droit interne et une indétermination persistante de son traitement au niveau institutionnel international
Droit de communication et vie privée, un équilibre rompu
No full textCet article explore la tension croissante entre le droit de communication de l'administration fiscale et la protection fondamentale de la vie privée des contribuables.
Le droit de communication, bien qu'essentiel à la lutte contre la fraude, permet à l'administration d'obtenir une masse considérable d'informations auprès des contribuables et des tiers, conduisant souvent à des atteintes disproportionnées à la vie privée. La portée des documents communicables est en effet très large. et des informations très personnelles (loisirs, composition du patrimoine) peuvent être révélées; d'autant plus que le secret professionnel des tiers est fréquemment écarté.
Face à ces pouvoirs étendus, la protection du contribuable est faible. L'asymétrie d'information est renforcée par les limites posées à l'obligation de l'administration de communiquer les documents fondateurs de ses redressements (notamment en raison du secret professionnel des tiers).
En conclusion, la notion de vie privée, floue et évolutive, est parfois instrumentalisée au détriment du contribuable et au profit du système fiscal
Les dix commandements fiscaux
No full textLes dix commandements fiscaux. Mélanges en l’honneur de Jean-Louis Gazzaniga