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Influence of various concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide on the kinetic parameters during isothermal dehydration of two maize hybrids
No full text24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) is plant steroid hormone that can regulate several physiological effects in plants, including promotion of cell growth and induction of heat stress tolerance. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of various concentrations of 24-EBL on the dehydration mechanism of seedlings of two maize hybrids (ZP434 and ZP704). Control and treated samples were subjected to isothermal conditions for dehydration processes. The effects of carbohydrates and mineral contents on the possible changes in the dehydration mechanism (from kinetics standpoint) were investigated. Comparing control samples to samples treated with 24-EBL, it was found that different dehydration mechanisms exist The differences arise from the influence of 24-EBL, that causes a significant increase of phosphorus values for ZP704, whilst the reverse was identified for ZP434. It was assumed that the plumule sensitivity to dehydration stress originates from the interaction of water with primary amino groups as cations in polyamines, for lower concentrations of 24-EBL. It was found that the temperature variation (105-130 degrees C) leads to situations where trehalose does not arrive fast enough to "replace the water", because its handicap to binds (by hydrogen bonds) to biomolecules instead of water. It was found that 24-EBL cause changes of carbohydrates properties, which are important for the defense mechanism from environmental stresses. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Evaluation of cherry cultivar susceptibility to bacterial canker and leaf spot disease
No full textIn this study, the susceptibility of different sweet (19) and sour cherry (3) cultivars (cvs.) to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 causing bacterial canker (sensu stricto) and leaf spot was evaluated. Susceptibility to bacterial canker was examined by artificial inoculations of 1-year-old rooted trees, which revealed susceptibility of all cvs. to both P. syringae pathovars. Susceptibility level differed among cvs.; sweet cherry cvs. Katalin, Linda, Summit, New Star and Bigarreau Burlat were highly susceptible, sour cherry cvs. erdi botermo and sweet cherry Drogan's Yellow, Carmen, Germersdorfer and Noir de Meched were susceptible. Sour cherry cvs. Spanska and ujfehertoi furtos, as well as sweet cherry cv. Rita were found to be less susceptible to bacterial canker. Susceptibility to bacterial leaf spot disease was evaluated on naturally infected (field conditions) and artificially inoculated leaves (laboratory conditions). Severe symptoms of bacterial spot with shot hole appearance were observed in cherry leaves at the beginning of May under field conditions. In all collected leaf samples, presence of P. s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 was determined. Sweet cherries Valery Chkalov, Summit, Bigarreau Burlat and New Star were highly susceptible to this bacterium. No symptoms of bacterial spot were found on sweet cherries Solomary gomboly, Linda, Germersdorfer, Hedelfinger, Katalin, Margit, Carmen, Aida, Sunburst, Alex, Peter, Rita and Kavics and sour cherry erdi botermo. In laboratory conditions, susceptibility of the tested cvs. varied and mostly depended on the inoculation method. Nonetheless, sweet cherry cvs. Carmen and Margit and sour cherry erdi botermo exhibited a certain level of resistance
Resolving the taxonomic status of biocontrol agents belonging to the Aphidius eadyi species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): an integrative approach
No full textSpecies that belong to the Aphidius eadyi group have been used as biocontrol agents against Acyrthosiphon pisum worldwide. However, despite their extensive use, there are still gaps in our knowledge about their taxonomy and distribution. In this study, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach by combining genetic analyses (mtDNA COI barcoding) with standard morphological analyses and geometric morphometrics of forewing shape. We identified three species within the A. eadyi species group, viz., A. smithi, A. eadyi and A. banksae. Genetic separation of all three species was confirmed, with mean genetic distances between species ranging from 5 to 7.4%. The following morphological characters were determined as the most important for separating species of the A. eadyi group: number and shape of costulae on the anterolateral part of the petiole, shape of the central areola on the propodeum, and shape and venation of the forewings. The differences in wing shape of all three species were statistically significant, but with some overlapping. We identified A. banksae as a widely distributed pea aphid parasitoid, whose known range covers most of the western Palaearctic (from the UK to Israel). Aphidius banksae is diagnosed and redescribed
Seed Quality of Oilseed Rape Varieties with Different Size and Colors After Three and Fifteen Months Storage
No full textDuring two years, germinability and initial growth of seedling of nine foreign varieties and four domestic varieties were
studied. The seed is grouped by size (small, medium and large), color (dark transitional and light color of seed coat).
Then it was preserved and at three and fifteen months of age in the laboratory and in the field, germinability, dormant
seed and growth of shoot and radicle root were examined. In addition to the age, other factors (variety, size, color, period
of storage) influenced significantly (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00) on seed germinability and growth of seedling.
Higher germinability is achieved from large seeds up to 3.6%. Depending on the seed coat color, the germinability
varied to 11%. The seed coat color has had a high impact on maintaining germinability for fifteen months. Seeds with
darker coat have also shown higher potential for storage and use in subsequent seeding periods, as determined by the
application of the aging test on seed. Significant interdependence (r) was obtained between the germinability test and
the growth of seedling in laboratory conditions and in field conditions. Between the germinability and the growth of the
shoot and the root, a significant interdependence was established, depending on the varieties (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00).
Keywords: Age; Dormancy; Germinability; Seed; Seedling
A new Aculodes species (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae) associated with medusahead, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski (Poaceae)
No full textA new species of plant mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) was discovered on medusahead (Taeniatherum caputmedusae), an annual grass that is native to central Asia and the Mediterranean Basin. It is invasive in western North America. Aculodes altamurgiensis sp. nov., is described here and differentiated from other Aculodes spp., on the basis of morphology. Its DNA fingerprinting was reported and compared with Aculodes mckenziei collected from Elymus repens and Bromus inermis. Pairwise comparison of MT-001 sequences between A. altamurgiensis sp. nov., and A. mckenziei revealed 20.2-21.5% genetic divergence between these congeneric species. First collected in Parco Nazionale dell'Alta Murgia in Apulia, Italy in 2014,A. altamurgiensis sp. nov., has been subsequently collected from medusahead in Serbia, Bulgaria, Iran and Turkey. Based on these data and on preliminary observations on the effects of the mite on plant growth, A. altamurgiensis sp. nov., is currently being investigated as a candidate biological control agent of medusahead
Studying Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina strains from Serbia for streptomycin and kasugamycin resistance and copper sulfate sensitivity in vitro
No full textProizvodnja mini krtola krompira u aeroponik sistemu gajenja
No full textAt the micropropagation laboratory of the Potato Research Centre in Gucha, the following five virus-free in vitro potato cultivars are produced: 'Desiree', 'Kennebec', 'Agria', 'Cleopatra' and 'Sinora'. Acclimatized and rooted plants were transplanted and grown in the three production systems: 1) the aeroponic system, 2) the substrate system, and 3) a combination of the substrate and aeroponic systems. The results obtained indicate that the cultivation system exerts a significant effect on the number and the total yield of potato mini-tubers. In the aeroponic production system, 4.08 times as many mini-tubers were produced compared to the number of mini-tubers produced in the substrate system, whereas 1.29 times as many mini-tubers were produced compared to the number of mini-tubers produced in the combined production system (substrate + aeroponics). The aeroponic mini-tuber production system offers an opportunity to improve the production of seed potatoes in Serbia..Proizvodnja bezvirusnog semenskog krompira danas se odvija preko metode poznate kao kultura tkiva (mikropropagacija in vitro), čija je suština da se za relativno kratko vreme, i u kontrolisanim uslovima, dobije veliki broj bezvirusnih mini ili mikro krtola. U laboratoriji za mikropropagaciju Centru za krompir u Guči proizvedene su bezvirusne biljke in vitro pet sorti krompira: Desiree, Kennebec, Agria, Cleopatra i Sinora. Aklimatizovane i ožiljene biljke presađene su i gajene u tri sistema proizvodnje: 1) aeroponik, 2) u supstratu i 3) kombinaciji dva sistema gajenja (supstrat+aeroponik). Cilj rada je bio da se izvrši poređenje aeroponik sistema gajenja sa druga dva sistema proizvodnje mini krtola. Mini krtole u aeroponik sistemu posle 40-45 dana gajenja sukcesivno su ubirane u četiri roka berbe u intervalima od 10-15 dana. U ostala dva sistemima gajenja mini krtole su vađene na kraju vegetacionog perioda. Analiziran je broj mini krtola po m2, prosečna masa krtola i ukupan prinos. Najveći prosečan broj mini krtola utvrđen je kod sorte Desiree, dok je najmanji broj mini krtola zabeležen kod sorte Sinora i Cleopatra. Kod sorte Agria konstatovan je najveći prosečnan prinos mini krtola, a zatim kod sorte Kennebec. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da sistem gajenja značajno utiče broj mini krtola i ukupan prinos. Kod aeroponik sistema proizvodnje postignut je 4,08 puta veći broj mini krtola, u odnosu na broj mini krtola dobijen u supstratu, odnosno 1,29 puta veći broj mini krtola, u odnosu na kobinovani način proizvodnje (supstrata+aeroponik). Aeroponik sistem proizvodnje mini krtola nudi potencijalnu mogućnost za poboljšanje proizvodnje semenskog krompira u Srbiji
Stimulation of Wood Degradation by Daedaleopsis confragosa and D. tricolor
No full textBiological pretreatment of the lignocellulosic residues, in which white-rot fungi have a crucial role, has many advantages compared to the chemical, physical, and physico-chemical methods of delignification and therefore attracts increasing scientific attention. Regarding the fact that properties and capacities of the ligninolytic enzymes of Daedaleopsis spp. are still unknown, the aim of this study was to research how nitrogen sources and inducers affect the potential of Daedaleopsis confragosa and Daedaleopsis tricolor to degrade cherry sawdust. NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, and peptone were tested as nitrogen sources, while veratryl alcohol, p-anisidine, vanillic acid, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride were the studied inducers. As Mn-dependent peroxidase and laccase were the leader enzymes and cherry sawdust/peptone medium the best stimulator of their activities, the effect of inducers on delignification potential of these species was studied during fermentation of that substrate. Veratryl alcohol was the best stimulator of laccase and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity (27,610.0 and 1338.4 U/L, respectively). These inducers also increased cherry sawdust delignification selectivity, particularly in D. tricolor in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (lignin:hemicellulose:cellulose = 32.1%:0.9%:11.7%). Owing to the presented results, studied species could have an important role in the phase of lignocellulose pretreatment in various biotechnological processes
Ground Beetle Assemblages Affected by Oilseed Rape Management Practice
No full textGround beetle assemblages were compared in two oilseed rape fields with different management practices, in fallow and in succeeding winter wheat crop. A total of 11,615 specimens representing 52 species were collected over two years of sampling using epigeic pitfall and funnel traps. The ten most common species, represented 91% of the total number of specimens in oilseed rape, were Amara aenea (De Geer, 1774), Amara similata (Gyllenhal, 1810), Harpalus distinguendus (Duftschmid, 1812), Brachinus explodens Duftschmid, 1812, Poecilus cupreus (L., 1758), Calathus fuscipes (Goeze, 1777), Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790), Poecilus punctulatus (Schaller, 1783), Poecilus sericeus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 and Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763). Eight carabid species showed a clear preference for integrated oilseed rape management practice. Trapped beetles were three times more numerous in oilseed rape in integrated than in the field under organic management practice. Canonical Variate Analysis revealed that management practices applied on both fields in oilseed rape had a significant effect on carabid assemblages. Redundancy Analyses (RDA) showed that in the following year, in succeeding winter wheat crop, management practices applied in oilseed rape had a significant effect on carabid assemblages. Ground beetle activity on plants was registered in both oilseed rape management systems, but not on winter wheat plants. The most active carabids in crop canopy included A. similata, C. fuscipes, Calathus erratus (Sahlberg, 1827), A. aenea, C. ambiguus, Calathus melanocephalus (L., 1758) and H. distinguendus. In oilseed rape both management practices had a significant effect on carabid assemblages in crop canopy
Disperzija osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza u odnosu na različite uslove proizvodnje
No full textThis paper presents the results of an analysis of maize seed production. A total of six hybrids were selected from two maturity groups (FAO 300 and FAO 600) produced in three locations (L1, L2, L3). The following commercially important seed traits and their variability were analyzed: 1000-seed mass and germination. The average 1000-seed mass of all the parameters examined amounted to 342.8 g, whereas the minimum and maximum masses recorded were 285.7 g and 370.5 g, respectively. In the FAO 300 hybrids, a 60:30 ratio of large to small seed fractions was recorded. Conversely, this ratio in the FAO 600 hybrids was not uniform. Seed germination of the hybrids examined was high (above 90 %). The highest effect on trait variability was recorded in the hybrid combination (η2 = 0.889 - seed mass, and η2 = 0.456 - germination). Trait variations across locations and hybrid combinations are important for obtaining high yields and realizing the maximum potential of seed material.U radu su prikazani rezultati analize proizvodnje semenskog kukuruza. Iz proizvodnje su odabrani sledeći hibridi: ZP 333, ZP 341, ZP 360, ZP 600, ZP 606 i ZP 666; dve grupe zrenja (FAO 300 i 600), proizvedenih na tri lokaliteta (L1, L2, L3). Analize su rađene na osobine semena koje su važne komercijalne karakteristike - apsolutna masa semena i klijavost, a koje zavise od uslova proizvodnje i vremenskih uslova godine, te je njihova varijabilnost manja ili veća u zavisnosti od ovih faktora. Varijabilnast i korelacija dve pomenute osobine su posmatrani na semenu proizvedenom u 2015. godini. Seme je podeljeno prema masi na krupnu (8,5-11 mm) i sitnu frakciju (6,5-8,5 mm). Prosečna masa 1000 semena za sve posmatrane parametre iznosila je 342,8 g, minimalana 285,7 g i maximalna 370,5 g. Hibridi grupe zrenja 300 karakterisali su se većim procentom krupne frakcije: odnos za hibride iz ove grupe bio je 60% krupne i 30% sitne frakcije. Grupa zrenja 600 nema ujednačen odnos frakcija između hibrida. Klijavost za sve posmatrane hibride bila je visoka - iznad 90%, uz mali broj uzoraka čija vrednost je bila ispod standardizovanog procenta. Varijabilnost u ispoljavanju osobina između lokaliteta bila je veoma značajna (p lt 0,05). Najveći efekat na varijabilnost osobina imala je hibridna kombinacija (η2=0,889 na masu i η2=0,456 na klijavost) a zatim interakcija hibridne kombinacije sa lokalitetom (η2=0,621 na masu i η2=0,623 na klijavost). Frakcija nije imala statističke značajnosti u ispoljavanju klijavosti semena (η2=0,020). Variranje osobina prema lokalitetu i hibridnoj kombinaciji značajno je za postizanje visokih prinosa i ispoljavanje maksimalnog potencijala semenskog materijala