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Etiološka proučavanja raka Oleandera u Crnoj Gori
No full textOlender (Olender nerii L.) is wide spread ornamental plant on the coast in Montenegro. Symptoms of knots appears on leaves and shoots noticed on oleander plants in Herceg Novi and Bečići during 2005-2007.A number of non levan bacterial strains were islolated on nutrinent sucrose agar (SNA), from the knots on olender leaves and shoots. Investigated strains are Gram negative, oxidative and fluorescent on King, s medium B. They ere negative in oxidase, pectinse and arginin dehidrolase test, while induct HR in tobacco after 24 hours of inoculation. Small pale white knots appear on inoculated oleander leaves three weeks after inoculation, and they are very similar to those recorded in natural infection. Investigated strains do not produced a necrosis on artificially pear and lemon fruits as well as on bean pods. Invstigated strains not hydrolised gelatine and esculine and don't utilized lactose, xilose and DL- lactate; they utilize sucrose and sorbitole. According obtained results and their comparing with literature data we concluded that olenaneder knots in Montengro is caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii. It is the first record of these pathogen in Montenegro.U radu su proučene bakteriološke odlike izolata bakterije izolovane iz tumora formiranih na listovima i mladarima oleandera (Nerium oleander L.). Na osnovu rezultata testova patogenosti, odgajivačkih i biohemijskih karakteristika i njihovim poređenjem sa podacima iz literature zaključeno je da pomenute simptome bolesti na oleanderu prouzrokuje fitopatogena bakterija Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii, ekonomski značajan pathogen ove ukrasne biljke na području Mediterana
Suzbijanje samoniklog suncokreta u usevu kukuruza
No full textThe objectives of the present research were to determine the effect of a single application of herbicides used in maize on voluntary sunflower plants. The field experiments were con ducted in maize field with voluntary sunflower plants. Their density ranged from 5-30 plants/m2. In the early treatments up to four leaves stage of maize were applied: 2,4-D + Atrazin SC; 2,4-D estar + Starane 250; 2,4-D estar; Banvel 480; Banvel 480 + Deltazon; Banvel 480 + atrazin and in later treat ments up to six to eight leaves of maize: Motivel + Calisto; Cambio; Lumax; Calisto + Gesaprim; Calisto; Grid + Esteron; Tarot + Peak; Motivel + Cambio; Motivel + Peak; Motivel + Banvel; Equip + Esteron; Equip + Banvel; Equip + Peak; Grid; Grid + Esteron; Tarot + Cambio; Tarot + Calisto; Tarot plus + Murtonik; Lumax; Peak and Ring + Atrazin Sc. In early treatments voluntary sunflower plants were in cotylledon stage up to first leaves pair stage and used herbicides were 100% effective, but 15 days after treatments retrovegetation was expressive. In later treatments voluntary sunflower plants were in cotylledons up to three leaves pairs. Used herbicides were 100% effective only in a young plants (up to first leaves pair stage) older plants were injured but survived.Suzbijanje samoniklog suncokreta u usevu kukuruza je problem koji se javlja u proizvodnji, jer usled nepravilnog plodoreda dolazi do ovakve smene useva. Ovaj problem se može veoma uspešno rešiti, ako se vreme primene herbicida prilagodi fazi razvoja gajenog useva i samoniklog suncokreta
Anatomical Injury Induced by the Eriophyid Mite Aceria anthocoptes on the Leaves of Cirsium arvense
No full textAnatomical injury of the leaves of the invasive species, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., caused by the eriophyid mite Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.), which is the only eriophyid mite that has been recorded on C. arvense worldwide, is described. The injury induced by the mite feeding on the leaves of C. arvense results in visible russeting and bronzing of the leaves. Other conspicuous deformations are folding and distortion of the leaf blade and curling of leaf edge, as well as gradual drying of leaves. The anatomical injury of the mature leaves of field-collected plants was limited to the epidermis of the lower leaf surface. However, on young leaves of experimentally infested plants, rust mite injuries extend to epidermal cells on both leaf surfaces and to those of deeper mesophyll layers. On these leaves, lesions on the lower leaf surface even affected the phloem of the vascular bundles. Leaf damage induced by A. anthocoptes is discussed with regard to the mite's potential as a biological control agent of C. arvense
Kartiranje karantinskih, invazivnih i ekonomski štetnih korova na području Srbije sa predlogom mera suzbijanja
No full textThe composition of weed flora of a certain habitat changes with climatic changes, soil type, altitude and its susceptible to seasonal fluctuations was given. Mapping of weeds belonging to a particular region provides an exact insight into the spatial distribution of certain weed species. Determining the distribution and distribution intensity of dominant weed species with respect to various regions would offer the opportunity to establish the incidence of new, invasive, resistant and especially economically important weeds. In this way, both the formation of quarantine regions and application of control measures would be much easier. Mapping is the most safe way to select and organize control measures.U radu su prikazane aktivnosti jednogodišnjeg rada na istoimenom projektu. Kartira se 25 vrsta iz kategorije karantinskih, ekonomski štetnih i invazivnih (autohtonih, alohtonih) korova, u svim tipovima useva (okopavine, strna žita, višegodišnji krmni usevi, višegodišnji zasadi) i na nepoljoprivrednim površinama. Snimanje prisustva i kvantitativne zastupljenosti ciljane grupe korova na terenu se sprovodi dva puta u toku vegetacije, po kalendaru koji prati dinamiku razvoja useva. Prva ocena se radi u početnoj, a druga u fazi zrelosti useva. Unošenje podataka u bazu softvera, koji je napravljen za ove potrebe po principu globalnog informacionog sistema, je u toku. Po završetku ovog projekta, na osnovu kompletirane baze podataka, biće urađene UTM karte (Univerzalna Transverzna Mercatorova projekcija zemljinog elipsoida), razmera 10x10 km, na kojima će biti prikazana distribucija i kvantitativna zastupljenost ciljane grupe korova. Karte distiribucije korovskih vrsta koje se kartiraju, po završetku projekta biće stavljene na uvid javnosti (putem Web sajta resornog Ministarstva. Ovim projektom se, takođe, planira izrada priručnika sa biološkim osobinama kartiranih korovskih vrsta, karte njihovih distribucija u Srbiji i predlog mera za njihovo suzbijanje u različitim usevima i na nepoljoprivrednim površinama
Identifikacija prouzrokovača propadanja kruške u Srbiji
No full textThe symptoms pf pear decline are present in Serbia since 1970s. Thirty years later it was proved that the causal agent of this decline is a phytoplasma. This parasite is widespread in Europe and the USA as well as the countries of former Yugoslavia like Bosna and Hercegovina and Croatia. The presence of the phytoplasmas was confirmed using electron microscopy and the molecular analysis if the pear samples from a number of localities in Serbia between 2004-2007. The phytoplasma was observed on the ultrathin sections of the main leaf vascular bundle from the diseased pear tree. The shape, structure and size of 350-480 x 600-700nm, are typical ones for the phytoplasmas. PCR analysis using the universal primer R16F2n/R16R2 as well as the specific primer fO1/rO1 also confirmed phytoplasmas as the causal agent of pear decline.Simptomi propadanja kruške su prisutni u Srbiji od sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Mnogo godina kasnije, dokazano je da je prouzrokovač ovog propadanja fitoplazma kruške (PD). Ova pojava vrlo je raširena u Evropi i u Severnoj Americi, prisutna je i u susednim zemljama bivše Jugoslavije, Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj. Prisustvo ove fitoplazme utvrđivano je primenom elektronske mikroskopije i molekularnom analizom uzoraka poreklom iz više lokaliteta u Srbiji, u periodu od 2004-2007 godine. Na ultratankim presecima floemskog tkiva glavnih lisnih nerava obolelih stabala kruške, utvrđeno je prisustvo organizama, koji po obliku, veličini (350-480 x 600-700nm) i strukturi, odgovaraju fitoplazmama. Rezultati PCR analiza, sa univerzalnim R16F2n/R16R2 i specifičnim prajmerom fO1/rO1 ukazali su na prisustvo fitoplazme Pear decline
Primena DTBA i ELISA metode u dokazivanju virusa uvijenosti lista vinove loze-1
No full textGrapevine leafroll syndrome is caused by a complex of up to nine different Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1-9). Many methods, including indexing, serological and molecular procedures, have been developed for the detection of GLRaV. However, due to the low concentration of the virus in plants a method with improved sensitivity and with the capacity to detect is required. In this study plants were tested for Grapevine leafroll virus (GLRaV) by visual examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct tissue-blotting assay (DTBA). Tissues were homogenized for use in a double antibody sandwich ELISA system and then blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane for DTBA. Comparison of DTBA with ELISA and with visual plant symptoms suggest that DTBA can be used with the same accuracy as ELISA for detecting GLRaV-1 in leaf tissue.Sindrom uvijanja lista vinove loze je oboljenje koje prouzrokuje grupa virusa koja se naziva Virusi vezani za uvijanje lista vinove loze (GLRaV-1-9). Više različitih metoda je razvijeno za detekciju ove grupe virusa, kao što su indeksiranje, serološke i molekularno biološke metode. Zbog relativno male koncentracije virusa u zaraženoj biljci potrebno je pronaći metodu koja ima najveću osetljivost pri njegovoj detekciji. U ovom radu u cilju detektovanja virusa GLRaV, ispitivane biljke su pored vizuelnog pregleda obrađivane i pomoću ELISA i DTBA metoda. Poređenjem ELISA i DTBA metode na simptomatičnim biljkama utvrđeno je da se ove dve metode sa jednakom tačnošću mogu koristiti u otkrivanju GLRaV-1 u listu vinove loze
Testing possibilities for chemical control of Iva xanthifolia in soybean
No full textIn the last few years the weed species Iva xanthifolia Nutt. has been intensively spreading from nonagricultural areas to crops, in Serbia-Vojvodina region. Danger from spreading of false ragweed is reflected in its robust look (over 2 in high), strong competition with the crop (uniform germination) and in very high seed production (up to 105,000 seeds/plant). In this paper we are presenting results of different possibilities of control of false ragweed in soybean crop. Area of the experiment contained natural weed infestation of false ragweed at about 400680 plants/m(2). Applications were made with 8 pre-emergent herbicides (single application and combinations of herbicides) after planting and before crop germination, and 16 post-emergent herbicides. Weather conditions improved the effect of soil herbicides, so the efficacy of all applied herbicides was between 89 and 100 %. For post-emergence applications, insufficient efficacy was observed with tifensulfuron-methyl and oxasulfuron (one or split-application). Other compounds showed 98-100 % efficacy. Obtained results show that, even in strong infestations, control of false ragweed in soybean can be very effective
Efficacy of several herbicides in controlling weeds in wheat
No full textField trials were carried out in winter wheat at Jabuka site (Southern Banat) in 2001, 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the efficacy of several active ingredients and their combinations, namely: amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron (Secator), tribenuron-methyl (Granstar 75 WG), triasulfuron + dicamba (Lintur), 2,4-D + florasulani (Mustang), 2,4-D EHE (Lentermil D), bentazone + dicamba (Cambio), fluroxypyr (Starane250), tritosulftiron (Certo) and tritosulfuron + dicamba (Arrat). Trials were set up in wheat crop (cv. Evropa 90), applying OEPP/EPPO methods (1998). A random block design with four replicates and plot size 25 m(2) was applied. The herbicides were applied at the end of tillering and efficacy was estimated three and six weeks after application. The acquired results show that the tested herbicides can be successfully applied to control weeds in wheat in the area of Southern Banat
Populaciona varijabilnost vrste Polygonum aviculare L.
No full textAs Polygonum aviculare L. is characterized by exceptional polymorphism, 10 populations of this species were subjected to relevant morpho-anatomical investigation for a more detailed taxonomic determination. The following morphological parameters were measured: stem length, internode length, leaf length and width, and leaf area. To analyze the basic differences in leaf anatomy, the following parameters were measured: upper epidermis height of leaf, mesophyll thickness and lower epidermis height of leaf. All data acquired in this investigation were processed by SPSS 8.0 software, and t-test was used to determine the significance of the differences found among the populations analyzed, while their differentiation was done using canonical discriminate analysis (CDA) and cluster analysis. Morphological differences among the analyzed populations were found to be more evident than the anatomical. Leaf length and width, leaf area, internode length and leaf thickness were the most discriminating parameters for population differentiation.Polygonum aviculare L. se odlikuje izuzetno velikim polimorfizmom i radi preciznije taksonomske determinacije urađena su relevantna morfo- anatomska ispitivanja 10 populacija ove vrste. Od morfoloških pokazatelja mereni su sledeći parametri: dužina stabla, dužina internodije, dužina, širina lista i površina lista. Za definisanje osnovnih anatomskih razlika listova analizirani su sledeć i parametri: visina epidermalnih ćelija lica lista, debljina mezofila i visina epidermalnih ćelija naličja lista. Svi dobijeni rezultati su obrađeni u programskom paketu SPSS 8.0, pri čemu je značajnost razlika između analiziranih populacija određena t-testom, dok je njihovo razdvajanje urađeno pomoć u kanonične diskriminantne analize (CDA) i klaster analize (Cluster). Razlike između ispitivanih populacija bile su izrazitije na morfološkom nego na anatomskom nivou. Naime, parametri koji su najviše uticali na razdvajanje populacija su: dužina i širina lista, površina lista, dužina internodije i debljina lista
Inter-population variability of Longidorus euonymus Mali and Hooper, 1974 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) and comment upon the number of juvenile developmental stages
No full textLongidorus euonymus is distributed widely in central and southern Europe. Nematodes typically have four pre-adult stages, however, there has been confusion in the scientific literature with regard to the number of juvenile developmental stages (JDS) of L. euonymus with three and four JDS being reported. A principal component analysis of published morphometric data from 33 L. euonymus populations unequivocally showed that there were four juvenile developmental stages. Furthermore, 18S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that L. euonymus was more closely related to L. elongatus and L. attenuatus than to L. vineacola. This was in discordance with the original description of the species; however, the maximum likelihood distances between the species were relatively small