PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment
Not a member yet
602 research outputs found
Sort by
Uticaj ručne obrade na zakorovljenost useva lekovitog bilja - Timijana (Thymus vulgaris L.), Matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.), Lavande (Lavandula angustifolia L.) i Žalfije (Salvia officinalis L.)
No full textIn 2005 in Pancevo region (Serbia) we have conducted weed population monitoring in following crops: thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), balm (Melissa officinalis L.), lavander (Lavandula angustifolia L.) i žalfije (Salvia officinalis L.). The first evaluation was obtained before and the second evaluation was obtained after agricultural mechanical land preparation. In each crop by random sampling method we have chosen several 1m2 areas. Plant population from each one of the areas was collected and fresh and dry weight for each plant was determined. In all four crops monitored we have found 35 different weed species. The highest weed population diversity was in salvia (35 species), followed by lavender (23 species), then thyme (20 species), and the lowest weed species diversity was in balm with only 16 weed species present. Among weed species found, highest numbers belonged to terophytes (13), followed by hemicriptophytes (12), and less present were geophytes (5) and tero-hemicriptophytes (12). Weed species in highest numbers present were: Convolvulus arvensis, Agropyrum repens, Cirsium arvense, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola and Polygonum lapathifolium. Species in highest numbers (C. arvensis and A. repens) were also species with highest fresh weight, followed by: Sonchus arvensis, Sorghum halepense, L. serriola i C. arvense.U usevima timijana (Thymus vulgaris L.), matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.), lavande (Lavandula angustifolia L.) i žalfije (Salvia officinalis L.) rađena su florističko-fitocenološka snimanja korovske vegetacije. Prvo snimanje obavljeno je pre, a drugo posle ručne obrade zemljišta. U svakom od useva, po sistemu slučajnog uzorka, odabrane su površine od 1 m2 sa kojih je skinuta nadzemna masa biljaka i za svaku prisutnu vrstu izmerena sveža, a nakon vazdušnog sušenja i suva masa. U sva četiri useva konstantovano je 35 korovskih vrsta, pri čemu najviše u žalfiji 28, u lavandi 23, u timijanu 20, dok je u matičnjaku zabeleženo samo 16 vrsta. Među prisutnim vrstama najbrojnije su bile terofite (13), odmah iza njih hemikriptofite (12 ), a manje zastupljene su bile geofite (5) i tero-hemikripotofite (5). Od 35 utvrđenih vrsta u sva četiri analizirana useva sa najvećim ocenama za brojnosti i pokrovnost su bile: Convolvulus arvensis, Agropyrum repens, Cirsium arvense, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola i Polygonum lapathifolium. Vrste C. arvensis i A. repens koje po kvantitetu preovlađuju u korovskim zajednicama ispitivanog lekovitog bilja odlikuju se i najvećom svežom biomasom, a posle njih dolaze: Sonchus arvensis, Sorghum halepense, L. serriola i C. arvense
Phytotoxicity of foliar herbicides in soybean crops
No full textThe object of the present research was investigation in soybean crop using 15 post-em herbicides. Herbicides were effective on present weeds, but soybean phytotoxicity was expressed more that is usual using that herbicides. Field experiment was monitoring during whole vegetation season, finishing with measuring yield components, to define if there were soybean yield loss. Determined yield differences indicated that in post-em herbicides application necessarily make attention in possibly phytotoxicity which is sometimes were expressed, like in that field experiment, and can causes soybean yield loss.U radu su prikazana jednogodišnja ispitivanja izvedena u usevu soje, uz primenu 15 varijanti herbicida, namenjenih za suzbijanje korova posle nicanja useva i korova. Primenjeni herbicidi su ispoljili efikasnost na prisutne korove, ali su se na usevu soje ispoljili simptomi fitotoksičnosti, izraženiji nego što je uobičajeno u primeni ovih herbicida. Ogled je praćen tokom cele vegetacije, zaključno sa merenjem parametara prinosa, da bi se utvrdilo da li fitotoksičnost utiče na njegovo smanjenje. Utvrđene razlike u prinosu ukazuju da se kod primene folijarnih herbicida u usevu soje moraju u obzir uzeti mogući fiotoksični efekti, koji su ponekad izraženiji i, kao što je bio slučaj u ovom ogledu, mogu uticati na smanjenje prinosa
Roles of stolbur phytoplasma and Reptalus panzeri (Cixiinae, Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of maize redness in Serbia
No full textOccurrence and diversity of phytoplasmas detected in clematis and their relationships with grapevine "flavescence doree" phytoplasmas
No full textA three-year survey conducted in Italy and in some of the Balkan countries to study grapevine yellows epidemiology showed that clematis plants were positive for phytoplasmas of the 16SrV ribosomal group that in grapevine is associated with "flavescence doree" (FD), a quarantine disease. Molecular data from 16Sr RNA, rpL22-S3 and SecY genes showed the presence of different FD phytoplasma isolates belonging to the 16SrV-C ribosomal subgroup. Infected clematis plants were found in areas where FD phytoplasma has never been detected in grapevine. Among all leafhoppers collected, only Dietyophara europaea were PCR-positive to the FD phytoplasma
Roles of stolbur phytoplasma and Reptalus panzeri (Cixiinae, Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of Maize redness in Serbia
No full textMaize redness (MR), a disease causing midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize, has been reported from Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria for 50 years. Recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40%-90% in southern Banat, Serbia. MR was recently associated with the presence of the stolbur phytoplasma, although the epidemiology of the disease remained unknown. Diseased fields in southern Banat were surveyed for potential vectors of the phytoplasma during 2005 and 2006, and high populations of Reptalus panzeri were found. ln affected fields, 20% of the R. panzeri individuals and 85% of symptomatic maize plants carried the stolbur phytoplasma. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize plants, midrib and leaf reddening developed on 48% of plants and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 90% of the symptomatic plants. No symptoms or phytoplasma-positive plants were found in cages without insects. These data indicate that MR symptoms are associated with the stolbur phytoplasma. Reptalus panzeri is both abundant in affected fields and can transmit the stolbur phytoplasma, indicating the insect is likely to be a major vector of MR
Različiti aspekti inhibicije rastenja i fotosinteze kukuruza (Zea mays L.) uzrokovanog herbicidom sulfosatom, 1 - manipulacija statusom korena
No full textEffects of the herbicide sulphosate on growth, accumulation and partitioning of dry weight and photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to source-sink manipulation at the root were studied. The findings indicate that growth and dry weight accumulation correlate significantly only with the dry mass ratio and/or volume of the root (RMR, Vr, respectively), while a significant negative correlation was found with stem mass ratio (SMR) and generally with leaf mass ratio (LMR), which reflects an irregular distribution of carbohydrate metabolism in maize plants. As the root is where cytokinins, the plant hormons essential for maintaining photosynthetic structures, are synthesized, we assumed that the root status under stress caused by the herbicide sulphosate could be one of the factors of stability/sensitivity of photosynthesis/photosynthetic structures in plants exposed to this herbicide.U radu je razmatran uticaj herbicida sulfosata na rastenje, akumulaciju i preraspodelu suve mase, kao i fotosintezu biljaka kukuruza na kojima je vršena manipulacija "proizvod-potrošač" odnosa na nivou korena. Nađeno je da akumulacija suve mase značajno Koreliše samo sa zapreminom i/ili udeonom suvom masom korena (Vr, RMR), a negativno značajno sa udeonom suvom masom stabla (SMR) i (uglavnom) listova (LMR), što je u skladu sa neravnomernom preraspodelom ugljenohidratnog metabolizma kod biljaka kukuruza. Poznato je da je koren mesto sinteze citokinina, biljnih hormona neophodnih u održavanju fotosintetskih struktura. Pošto rezultati ukazuju na značaj statusa korena u uslovima stresa izazvanim herbicidom sulfosatom, smatramo da isti može biti jedan od faktora stabilnosti /osetljivosti fotosinteze/ fotosintetskih struktura kod biljaka izloženih dejstvu pomenutog herbicida
Karakteristike izolata Phomopsis sp. poreklom sa šljive
No full textTwelve isolates of Phomopsis sp. were obtained from the branches and the trunk of plums (Prunus domestica L) with decay symptoms in Valjevo, Ljig Koceljeva and Ub vicinity during 2004-2006. Morphological, pathogenic and growing characteristics were studied. Pathogen caused tissue necrosis of branches around the inoculate seats, and wrinkling and watering of plum fruits. All media were suitable for pathogen development, except prune agar. The best growth of isolates was at medium pH 5,5. The optimal temperature for growth and germination of pycnidiospores was 25°C.Dvanaest izolata Phomopsis sp. dobijeno je sa grana i stabla šljive (Prunus domestica L) sa simptomima propadanja u okolini Valjeva, Ljiga, Koceljeve i Uba tokom 2004-2006. godine. Proučene su morfološke, patogene i odgajivačke odlike ovih izolata. Prvi simptomi uočavaju se u vreme cvetanja i listanja šljive ukoliko se infekcija desila u blizini pupoljaka i osnove lisnih peteljki. U tom slučaju listovi su sitniji i hlorotični. Kasnije i listovi i cvetovi nekrotiraju i suše se. Tek formirani mladi izdanci oboljevaju postaju nekrotični i propadaju. Na granama i stablu formiraju se ulegnute nekrotične pege, koje se brzo šire i u okviru kojih kora uzdužno puca, tako da se formiraju rak-rane. Nekroza se širi na drvenasti deo, gde bivaju zahvaćeni sprovodni sudovi, što dovodi do uvenuća i izumiranja grana. Patogen se dobro razvija na svim podlogama, osim na podlozi od suvih šljiva. Podloge čija je pH 5,5 pokazale su se kao najbolje za porast patogena. Temperature od 25°C su najpovoljnije za razvoj patogena i klijavost konidija
Occurrence and distribution of Scaphoideus titanus in multiple outbreaks of "flavescence doree" in Serbia
No full textA total of 23 viticultural regions in Serbia were surveyed from 2004 to 2006 to determine the occurrence and distribution of Scaphoideus titanus, vector of grapevine phytoplasma "flavescence doree". Grapevine samples from over 600 plants showing suspected symptoms of phytoplasma infection, were collected from all surveyed regions for subsequent molecular identification and determination of FD incidence. Presence of S. titanus was surveyed in all areas and collected samples were analyzed with PCR/RFLP for FD presence confirmation. With exception of southern region of Peinja, S. titanus was detected in all surveyed regions, including areas close to Croatian, Hungarian, Romanian and Bulgarian state borders. Significant populations of this leafhopper were recorded in vineyards, as well as, on wild Vitis plants, showing wide distribution of this species in Serbia. FD phytoplasma was registered both, in vector and in grapevine in 8 regions and its presence was correlated with high density of S. titanus populations in surveyed vineyards. Incidence of symptomatic plants in vineyards ranged from 10 to 100% in most endangered regions, while infestation level of S. titanus with FD ranged from 12.5 to 45%
Uticaj agroekoloških uslova proizvodnje na pokazatelje životne sposobnosti semenskih krtola krompira
No full textInvestigation have been presents an contribution to researching of controlled and non-controlled factors on viability of potatoes seed-tubers. Also, in way of metodology brushing, measuring and estimation of parameters of life viability of potato seed-tubers (characteristic). Researches have been done on potato seed-tubers of Desiree and Kondor cultivars. Seed material of two generation is comprised: Original and ICR. Experimental production of seed material have been done during two year vegetation period (2000 and 2001) on three location (Kotraza, Sjenica, Golija). Keeping of seed-tuberss in cold condition lasted about 100 days. Then seed-material has been exposed to thermal induction. After thermal induction and cutting of apical germ of tuber, material have been exposed to dark and light phase with adequate temperature regimes. Following characteristics were brushing and measured on (seed-tubers): number of germ per tuber, germ length per tuber, germ plumpness per tuber, number of leaves per tuber. Characteristics of seed-tubers have been researched from 7 day after beginning of dark phase. Characteristics such as number of germ, germ length and germ plumpness were researching on 7th and 14th days (in dark phase) and 21st, 28th and 35th days (in light phase). Number of leaves were researching 21st, 28th and 35th days (in light phase). Previously, seed material has been controlled on healthy state. Experimental data are calculated with three factorial analyze variance (for factors: seed category, production location and year-vegetation period) for each cultivar separately and for each term of characteristics brushing. Among cultivars clear and large difference are sawn in the way of seed value characteristics as different statistical significance of factor and interaction for number of germ, length of germ and plumpness of germ. For the characteristic number of leaves per tuber there is no statistical significance for none of factor or interactions at both cultivars in all three terms. Results are applicable in seed-tubers production of cultivars Desiree and Kondor.Izvršena istraživana predstavljaju prilog proučavanja uticaja kontrolisanih i nekontrolisanih faktora na životnu sposobnost semenskih krtola krompira. Takođe, i u pogledu metodologije utvrđivanja, merenja i ocenjivanja pokazatelja životne sposobnosti semenskih krtola krompira (osobina). Istraživanja su vršena na semenskim krtolama krompira sorata Desiree i Kondor. Obuhvaćen je semenski materijal dve generacije: original i I sortna reprodukcija. Eksperimentalna proizvodnja semenskog materijala izvršena je tokom dve godine-vegetaciona perioda (2000. i 2001) na tri lokacije (Kotraža, Sjenica, Golija). Čuvanje semenskih krtola u hladnim uslovima trajalo je oko 100 dana. Zatim je semenski materijal izlagan termičkoj indukciji. Posle termičke indukcije i uklanjanja apikalne klice sa krtole, materijal je izlagan tamnoj i svetloj fazi-uz odgovarajuće temperaturne režime. Na materijalu (semenskim krtolama) utvrđivane su i merene sledeće osobine: broj klica po krtoli, dužina klica po krtoli, debljina klica po krtoli, broj listova po krtoli. Osobine semenskih krtola ispitivane su od sedmog dana posle početka tamne faze. Osobine broj klica, dužina klica i debljina klica ispitivane su 7. i 14.dana (u tamnoj fazi) i 21, 28. i 35. dana (u svetloj fazi). Broj listova ispitivan je 21, 28. i 31. dana (u svetloj fazi). Semenski materijal je predhodno kontrolisan na zdravstveno stanje. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su trofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse (faktori: kategorija semena, lokacija proizvodnje i godina-vegetacioni period)za svaku sortu posebno i za svaki termin utvrđivanja osobina. Između sorata su ispoljene jasne i velike razlike u pogledu vrednosti osobina semenskih krtola kao i različita statistička značajnost faktora i interakcija za broj klica, dužinu klica i debljinu klica. Za osobinu broj listova po krtoli nemaju statističku značajnost ni jedan faktor ili interakcije kod obe sorte u sva tri termina. Rezultati su primenjivi u semenarstvu krompira sorata Desiree i Kondor
Quality of seeds dependent from plumpness, year produce, locality and genotypes of winter wheat
No full textEnergy seed germination has been for all under proof variety on winniwing fan from 2.8 mm from 83 to 88 %. Significance series energy germination is investigation on winniwing fan from 2.5 mm, from 82 to 88 %. Attendant energy germination on winniwing fan from 2.2 mm from 80 to 81 % and on winniwing fan from 2.0 mm from 73 to 75 %. Seed germination for all under proof variety on winniwing fan from 2.8 mm is investigation from 86 to 93 %. Series seed germination is investigation on winniwing fan from 2.5 mm, from 85 to 90 %. Attendant germinating faculty on winniwing fan from 2.2 mm from 83 to 86 % and on winniwing fan from 2.0 mm from 77 to 81 %. Non-standard seedling for all under proof variety on winniwing fan from 2.8 mm steam are herself from 2.2 to 2.4 %. Thread number non-standard seedling is investigation on winniwing fan from 2.5 mm, from 2.1 to 2.2 %. Prosecute non-standard seedling is investigation on winniwing fan from 2.2 mm from 2.8 to 3.6 % and on winniwing fan from 2.0 mm from 3.7 to 3.8 %. Attendant germinating faculty on winniwing fan from 2.2 mm from 86 to 90 % and on winniwing fan from 2.0 mm from 81 to 85 %. Fixture is high significant difference between year field experience relative non-standard seedling, location, genotype and interaction between under proof treatment. At energy saving effort germination fixture is high significant difference between location, interaction year x location and location x genotype. Significant difference at germinating faculty fixture is between under proof genotypes, interaction year x genotype and locality x genotype, high significant difference between location and interaction genotype x location.Energija klijanja semena bila je za sve ispitivane sorte na rešetu od 2.8 mm, od 83 do 88 %. Značajno niža energija klijanja utvrđena je na rešetu od 2.5 mm, od 82 do 88 %. Sledi energija klijanja na rešetu od 2.2 mm, od 80 do 81 % i na rešetu od 2.0 mm, od 73 do 75 %. Klijavost semena za sve ispitivane sorte na rešetu od 2.8 mm ustanovljena je od 86 do 93 %. Nešto niža klijavost semena utvrđena je na rešetu od 2.5 mm, od 85 do 90 %. Sledi klijavost na rešetu od 2.2 mm, od 83 do 87% i na rešetu od 2.0 mm, od 77 do 81 %. Nenormalni klijanci za sve ispitivane sorte na rešetu od 2.8 mm kretali su se od 2.2 do 2.4 %. Niži broj nenormalnih klijanaca utvrđen je na rešetu od 2.5 mm, od 2.1 do 2.2 %. Slede nenormalni klijanci na rešetu od 2.2 mm, od 2.8 do 3.6 % i na rešetu od 2.0 mm od 3.7 do 3.8 %. Ustanovljena je visoko značajna razlika između godina ispitivanja u odnosu na nenormalne klijance, lokalitete, genotipove i interakcije između ispitivanih tretmana.Kod energije klijanja ustanovljena je visoko značajna razlika između lokaliteta, interakcije godina x lokalitet i lokalitet x genotip. Značajna razlika kod klijavosti ustanovljena je između ispitivanih genotipova, interakcija godina x genotip i lokalitet x genotip, visoko značajna razlika između lokaliteta i interakcija genotip x lokalitet