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Uticaj godišnjih promena temperature i svetlosti (PAR) na indukciju fluorescencije Chla in situ kod Stellaria media (L.) i Plantago maior (L.)
No full textChla fluorescence, as a mode of estimation of photosynthesis, is especially sensitive to changes in temperature and light intensity (PAR). This enables us to study the influence of those ecophysiological parameters on photosynthesis in native plants. In this article, we examined the effect of annual changes in temperature and PAR on the parameters of Chla fluorescence in Stellaria media (L.), a plant species more frequent in colder periods of the year, and Plantago maior (L.), which is more frequent in warmer periods. Lower PAR and temperature slowed down the electron transport in PS2, but lower temperatures reduced the quantum efficacy of PS2 and improved processes in the antennae system and the size of plastoquinone pool of PS2 in Stellaria media (L.). Lower temperatures reduced quantum efficacy and slowed down the electron transport in PS2 in Plantago maior (L.). The facts that PAR (as well as temperature) affects photosynthesis, and that lower temperatures activate processes in the antennae system and those on the acceptor side of PS2 as a 'counterbalance' to the inhibition of quantum efficacy and electron transport in PS2, caused by low temperatures, point at possible explanations of low-temperature resistance of photosynthesis in Stellaria media (L.). On the other hand, low temperatures caused inhibition of quantum efficacy and electron transport in the PS2 of Plantago maior (L.), which caused low-temperature photoinhibition and stepped quenching of all physiological processes in the species. This might be the reason for the different levels of acclimation to low temperatures and different life strategies of the two species living in close vicinity.Fluorescencija Chla, kao pokazatelj fotosinteze, posebno je osetljiva na promene temperature i intenziteta svetlosti (PAR). To omogućava praćenje uticaja ovih ekofizioloških parametara na fotosintezu nativnih biljaka. U ovom radu dat je pregled uticaja godišnjih promena temperature i PAR na parametre fluorescencije Chla kod Stellaria media (L.), biljne vrste zastupljenije u hladnijem delu godine i Plantago maior (L.), biljne vrste zastupljenije u toplijem delu godine. Manje vrednosti PAR i temperature usporavaju transport elektrona u PS2, sniženje temperature umanjuje kvantnu efikasnost u PS2 i pozitivno deluje na antenske procese i veličinu pula plastohinona u PS2 kod Stellaria media (L.). Sniženje temperature umanjuje kvantni prinos i usporava transport elektrona u PS2 kod Plantago maior (L.). Činjenica da i PAR (pored temperature) deluje na fotosintezu, kao i da sniženje temperature aktivira antenske i procese na akceptorskoj strani PS2, kao "protivtežu" inhibiciji kvantne efikasnosti i transporta elektrona u PS2, uzrokovanoj niskim temperaturama, ukazuje na moguće uzroke niskotemperaturne otpornosti fotosinteze kod Stellaria media (L.). Nasuprot tome, kod Plantago maior (L.) niska temperatura uzrokuje inhibiciju kvantne efikasnosti i transporta elektrona u PS2, što dovodi do niskotemperaturne fotoinhibicije i postepenog gašenja svih fizioloških procesa kod te vrste. To bi moglo biti objašnjenje različite prilagođenosti na niske temperature i različitih životnih strategija ovih vrsta, koje žive u bliskom susedstvu
Varijabilnost morfoloških karakteristika kopljaste nematode Longidorus euonymus Mali et Hooper, 1974 (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
No full textMorphological characters of Longidorus euonymus Mali et Hooper, 1974 from six localities: Vrtogos, Loznica, Kanjiza, Knjazevac, Nis and Subotica were studied. Morphological characters variability both qualitative and quantitative are in the limits of intraspecies tolerance. Juveniles present as four developmental stages differs morphometricaly rather than morphologicaly. J1 tail is more narrow and conoid than others but without special differentiations. Body length, odontostyle and replacement odontostyle values are increasing progressively by stages. There are no morphological and anatomical differences, except morphometrical differences between two specimens of males. Male discovered in Loznica is longer but more narrow than male from Italian population, it has longer and wider tale, greater head diameter and shorter odontostyle and spicules. Female qualitative morphological characters that showed variability are head and tail shape and position of vulva. Odontostyle length as well as head diameter showed minimum variability. Maximum variability was shown by tail length and indices c and c'. However, all morphological characters of specimens from Serbia are in general agreement with original description given by Mali et Hooper from 1974.Proučavane su morfološke karakteristike Longidorus euonymus Mali et Hooper, 1974 sa šest lokaliteta: Vrtogoš, Loznica, Kanjiža, Knjaževac, Niš i Subotica. Varijabilnost morfoloških karakteristika i kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih je u granicama intraspecijske tolerancije. Larve su predstavljene kroz četiri juvenilna stupnja koji se međusobno više razlikuju morfometrijski nego morfološki. Rep kod L1 je uži i više konusan od ostalih ali bez nekih posebnih diferencijacija. Vrednosti dužine tela, odontostileta i zamene stileta se progresivno povećavaju po stupnjevima. Ne postoje morfološke i anatomske razlike izuzev morfometrijskih između dva primerka mužjaka. Mužjak pronađen u populaciji Loznica je duži ali uži od mužjaka iz italijanske populacije, ima duži i širi rep, veći prečnik glave a kraći odontostilet i spikul. Kvalitativne morfološke karakteristike ženki koje su ispoljile malo variranje su oblik glave i repa i položaj vulve. Dužina odontostileta kao i prečnik glave su pokazali najmanju varijabilnost. Najveću varijabilnost su pokazali dužina repa, indeksi c i c'. Ipak, svi morfološki karakteri jedinki iz Srbije su u opštoj saglasnosti sa generalnim opisom Mali i Hooper iz 1974
Uticaj godišnjih promena temperature i svetlosti (PAR) na indukciju fluorescencije Chla in situ kod Plantago lanceolata L.
No full textChla fluorescence, as a mode of estimation of photosynthesis, especially are sensitive to changes of temperature and intensity of light (PAR). This enable to follow influence of this ecophysiological parameters of native plants photosynthesis. In this article we investigated influence of annual changes of temperature and PAR on parameters of induction of Chla fluorescence in Plantago lanceolata (L.), plant species more represented in warmer part of year. Lowering of temperature reduces quantum efficacy and electron transport in PS2 and induced low-temperature photoinhibition of photosynthesis. But, this is because of stronger photoprotective processes and changes of redox state of plastoquinone pool in PS2. Because that this processes we viewed as a acclimation to low temperatures. But with prolonged low-temperature exposure all physiological processes quenched and all aboveground parts delayed in that species. If we compare some different acclimation to low temperatures Plantago lanceolata and Plantago maior, species which settled in very neighbouring sites, the conclusion of that discussion is question: 'Is it different acclimative responses of this species in condition of low temperatures, reason for posible competitive advantage one of them?' This is object of future investigation.Fluorescencija Chla, kao pokazatelj fotosinteze, posebno je osetljiva na promene temperature i intenziteta svetlosti (PAR). To omogućava praćenje uticaja ovih ekofizioloških parametara na fotosintezu nativnih biljaka. U ovom radu dat je pregled uticaja godišnjih promena temperature i PAR na parametre fluorescencije Chla kod Plantago lanceolata (L.), biljne vrste zastupljene u toplijem delu godine. Sniženje temperature umanjuje kvantni prinos i usporava transport elektrona u PS2, što dovodi do niskotemperaturne fotoinhibicije. Međutim, to se odvija jačanjem fotoprotektivnih procesa i promenom redoks stanja pula plastohinona u PS2, pa pomenute procese možemo posmatrati kao aklimaciju na nisku temperaturu. Ipak, vremenom dolazi do gašenja fizioloških procesa i izumiranja nadzemnih organa ove vrste tokom zime. Ovi nalazi diskutuju se odnosno životne strategije druge simpatričke vrste roda Plantago
Prisustvo i kvantitativna zastupljenost alohtone invazivne korovske vrste Iva xanthifolia Nutt. na teritoriji Vojvodine
No full textGiant sumpweed (Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) is a newly-introduced invasive weed of the family Asteraceae that has spread in Vojvodina since the 1960s. The weed is currently most frequent in ruderal localities but it has also infested field crops over the past ten years. As part of an initial study of characteristics of giant sumpweed, we examined its spreading in the region of Vojvodina. Rural ruderal areas were included, as well as maize, sugar beet, sunflower and soybean crops. Giant sumpweed was detected in 51 localities in Vojvodina during investigation that was conducted from 2002 to 2006. It was most frequent in the region of Srem, i.e. in 24 localities, as well as in 17 localities in Bačka and 10 in Banat. Giant sumpweed predominantly occurs in ruderal habitats and has established itself well in ruderal floristic structures (24 localities), but it has also adapted well to the floristic structures of maize (10 localities), sugar beet (7 localities), sunflower (7 localities) and soybean (4 localities) crops. None of the investigated localities had a pure population with 100% presence of giant sumpweed but the species was one of 17 weeds that were found in all localities, which indicates that it has adapted well in Vojvodina and has a considerable potential for spreading.Iva (Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) je nova invazivna vrsta korova iz porodice Asteraceae koja se u Vojvodini proširila šezdesetih godina prošlog veka. Trenutno se ova korovska vrsta najčešće sreće na ruderalnim lokalitetima, ali je tokom proteklih deset godina registrovana i u ratarskim usevima. U okviru preliminarnog ispitivanja osobina ive, proučavali smo njeno širenje u regionu Vojvodine. Proučavanja su obavljena u ruralnim ruderalnim područjima, kao i u usevima kukuruza, šećerne repe, suncokreta i soje. Tokom ispitivanja, koje je trajalo od 2002. do 2006. godine, iva je registrovana na 51 lokaciji u Vojvodini. Najrasprostranjenija je u regionu Srema, na 24 lokacija, a nađena je i na 17 lokacija u Bačkoj i 10 u Banatu. Iva je najrasprostranjenija na ruderalnim staništima i dobro se uklopila u ruderalne florističke strukture (24 lokacija), ali se prilagodila i florističkim strukturama useva kukuruza (10 lokaliteta), šećerne repe (7 lokaliteta), suncokreta (7 lokaliteta) i soje (4 lokaliteta). Mada ni na jednom lokalitetu iva nije zabeležena u čistoj populaciji sa 100% prisustva, ona predstavlja jednu od 17 korovskih vrsta koje su nađene na svim lokalitetima, što pokazuje da se dobro prilagodila uslovima Vojvodine i ima značajan potencijal širenja
Detection and incidence of FD and BN phytoplasmas in vineyards of different grapevine cultivars in Serbia
No full textPresence and diffusion of grapevine yellows (GY) phytoplasmas was investigated from 2003 to 2005 in seventeen vineyards located in five of the most important viticultural regions of Serbia. From the same vineyards, symptomatic grapevine samples representing ten most important cultivars in those regions were collected (2003-2006) for molecular analyses. Both "flavescence doree" (FD) and "bois noir" (BN) phytoplasmas were confirmed to be associated with grapevine yellows in Serbia. Field inspections showed as GY epidemics have been spreading very fast in the monitored vineyards, especially in those vineyards in which only the presence of FD phytoplasma was detected. The highest incidences of FD phytoplasma were found in vineyards of Plovdina, a local variety that appeared to be extremely sensitive to FD
Prvi nalaz tumorogenih sojeva Agrobacterium radiobacter na malini u Srbiji
No full textDuring the spring of 2003, gall symptoms on the roots and crowns of young raspberry plants cv. Vilamette were observed near Valjevo. Phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased plant samples. Based on the pathogenic, morphological, differential biochemical and physiological characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as tumorigenic Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1 Agrobacterium). In order to confirm the identity of isolated strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers complementary to tms2 gene located on the Ti plasmid were used. In the first PCR protocol using a tms2F1 + tms2R2 primer pair, 617 bp products specific for tumorigenic Agrobacterium strains were amplified. The second PCR protocol, using a tms2F1 + tms2B primer pair, amplified the expected 458 bp products. On the basis of multiplex PCR with primers complementary to chromosomal gene coding for 23S rRNA, the isolated strains were classified as biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). This is the first report of tumorigenic A. radiobacter on raspberry in Serbia.Tokom proleća 2003. godine, zapaženi su tumori na korenu i korenovom vratu mladih biljaka maline sorte Vilamette u okolini Valjeva. Iz obolelih uzoraka izolovane su fitopatogene bakterije. Proučavanjem patogenih, morfoloških i diferencijalnih biohemijsko-fizioloških karakteristika izolovanih sojeva, utvrđeno je da proučavani sojevi pripadaju bakteriji Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1). U cilju potvrde identiteta izolovanih sojeva lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR), korišćeni su prajmeri komplementarni tms2 genu lociranom na Ti plazmidu. U prvoj PCR reakciji izvedenoj korišćenjem tms2F1 + tms2R2 para prajmera, detektovani su fragmenti nukleinske kiseline veličine 617 baznih parova (bp), specifični za tumorogene sojeve A. tumefaciens. U drugoj PCR reakciji korišćenjem para prajmera tms2F1 i tms2B su amplifikovani PCR produkti očekivane veličine 458 bp, karakteristični za ovu bakteriju. Na osnovu multiplex PCR reakcije korišćenjem prajmera komplementarnih na hromozomalni gen koji kodira 23S rRNA sojevi izolovani iz tumora na korenu maline svrstani su u biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). Ovo je prvi nalaz ove bakterije na malini u Srbiji
Korovska flora useva uljane repice
No full textThis paper discusses problem of current weed species in oilseed rape crops, their influence on growing and developing of crop, yield, harvesting and quality of oil.U radu su prikazane korovske vrste koje se javljaju u usevu uljane repice i njihov uticaj na rast i razvoj useva, žetvu, prinos i kvalitet ulja
The study of methods for determination of metabolism based resistance of abutilon theophrasti medic. to atrazine
No full textDifferent methods for recording morphological and physiological parameters were used to define the level of susceptibility/resistance of Abutilon theophrasti populations to atrazine, in the period between 2002 and 2003. Three different populations of A. theophrasti from the fields near Belgrade were investigated. Total leaf weight and fresh and dry shoot weight among morphological parameters as well as transpiration, water vapour diffusion, chlorophyll fluorescence and total amount of chlorophyll among physiological parameters were measured. Minor differences to atrazine application between the tested populations of A. theophrasti were observed. There are some differences in all morphological parameters, but the most informative ones were the total fresh and dry shoot weight. Although the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence caused lower differences between tested populations, this method proved itself as most sensitive among physiological methods. Calculated resistance indexes based on different parameters ranged from 2.2 to 15.9
Različiti aspekti inhibicije rastenja i fotosinteze kukuruza (Zea mays L.) fosfonatnim herbicidom sulfosatom, 4 - dejstvo na biljke rasle u kontrolisanim uslovima
No full textEffect of the herbicide sulphosate on the growth, accumulation and distribution of dry weight, photosynthesis and water regime in maize plants grown in controlled environment was investigated. The herbicide sulphosate was found to significantly lowered dry matter acumulation and slow down growth of maize plants. Dry weight accumulation, which ultimately determines growth, was found to correlate highly significantly with dry matter allocation to root and leaves, but this dependence was not unique. Under influence of sulphosate dry matter allocated from leaves to stem. That the phenomena result from a specific carbohydrate metabolism in stem of maize plants (not contain starch). The herbicide sulphosate significantly affect the status and functioning of the root and water regime of maize plants (lowered values of parameters Vr and RWC). Changes in photosynthesis and photosynthetic structures (degradation of photosynthetic pigments) under the effect of sulphosate precede changes in the water regime of leaves of maize plants. This effects must be seen as photoinhibition of photosynthesis with photooxydation of photosynthetic pigments (particularly Chla) under sulphosate-provoked stress. 'Light curves' of different parameters of Chla fluorescence (qP, Fv,/Fm,, Φ PS2) lowered under increased actinic light. ETR para-meter of photosynthesis had sigmoid dependence of PAR, like to kinetic of photosyntetic fixation of CO2. Parameters of Chla fluorescence and photosynthesis can be used to monitor and assess the volume of functional senescence of photosynthesis in maize leaves both in the control plants and those exposed to sulphosate-caused stress.U radu se razmatra dejstvo herbicida sulfosata na rastenje, akumulaciju i preraspodelu suve mase, fotosintezu i vodni režim biljaka kukuruza, raslih u kontrolisanim uslovima. Herbicid sulfosat značajno umanjuje akumulaciju suve mase, usporava rastenje biljaka kukuruza i utiče na preraspodelu suve mase u biljci. Poslednji efekat verovatno je u vezi sa specifičnošću metabolizma ugljenih hidrata u stablu kukuruza. Akumulacija suve mase i rastenje kukuruza zavise od preraspodele suve mase u koren i listove, što bi bio jedan od uzroka fitotoksičnog dejstva sulfosata. Pored toga, sulfosat inhibira funkcije korena i vodni režim listova kukuruza. Ipak, najraniji efekat sulfosata jeste fotoinhibicija fotosinteze, za kojom sledi degradacija fotosintetskih pigmenata i struktura. Metoda fluorescencije Chla može se koristiti za in situ praćenje funkcionalnog starenja listova u stanju stresa, kao npr. pri dejstvu herbicida sulfosata
Maize redness in Serbia caused by stolbur phytoplasma is transmitted by Reptalus panzeri
No full textMaize redness (MR) causes midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. High populations of the ciixid Reptalus panzeri (Low) were found in MR affected maize fields in the southern Banat region of Serbia in 2005 and 2006, and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 20% of the insects. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 85% of symptomatic maize from these fields. Typical MR symptoms developed in healthy maize plants exposed to stolbur phytoplasma infected R. panzeri, and these plants were positive for the phytoplasma