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Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije -I deo: Prostorna distribucija i zastupljenost osam korovskih vrsta
No full textThe paper reviews the distribution and frequency of several species from a group of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weeds (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, A. hybridus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Avena fatua and Calystegia sepium) on the territory of Serbia using a 10x10 km UTM map. The assessment included all categories of land, fields under small grains, row crops, perennial forage crops, long-term plantations, fallow land and non-agricultural land. The presence of quarantine weeds was rated on the scale from 1 to 4 (1: the species occurs individually, taking less than 5% of the area; 2: 5 to 25% of the area ; 3: the species is frequent and takes 25 to 50%; 4: more numerous than the crop and takes more than 50% of the area).U radu je prikazana distribucija i zastupljenost nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, A. hybridus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Avena fatua i Calystegia sepium), na području Srbije, na UTM mapi, razmera 10x10 km. Snimanjima su obuhvaćene sve kategorije obradivih površina: strna žita, okopavine, višegodišnje krmne biljke, višegodišnji zasadi, strništa i nepoljoprivredne površine. Ocena zastupljenosti kartiranih vrsta rađena je po skali 1-4 (1 - vrsta se sreće pojedinačno i zauzima do 5% površine; 2 - sreće se i zauzima 5-25% površine; 3 - sreće se često i zauzima 25-50% površine; 4 - vrsta preovladava nad gajenom biljkom i zauzima preko 50% površine)
Karakteristike sojeva bakterija roda Pseudomonas izolovanih iz obolelih grana šljive
No full textCharacteristics of Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from diseased plum trees are presented is this paper. Based on pathogenic, biochemical and physiological characteristics, isolated starins were divided into two groups: First group of strains, isolated from diseased plum branches with symptoms of suden decay, was similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; second group of strains, isolated from necrotic flower buds on plum trees, exhibited characteristics similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum. In addition, phytopathogenic fungi belonging to genera Phomopsis, Botryosphaeria and Leucostoma, were also isolated from diseased plum trees. Further study of these pathogens and their role in the epidemiology of suden plum trees decay is in progress.U radu su prikazane karakteristike sojeva bakterije Pseudomonas syringae izolovanih iz nekrozom zahvaćenih tkiva šljive. Na osnovu patogenih i biohemijsko-fizioloških odlika proučavane izolate smo svrstali u dve grupe: I grupa sojeva izolovana je iz obolelih grana šljive sa simptomima sušenja i oni su prema svojim odlikama slični Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; II grupa sojeva izolovana je iz nekrotičnih cvetnih pupoljaka šljive i oni ispoljavaju karakteristike tipične za Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum. Iz obolelih grana šljive, pored ovih bakterija, izolovane su i gljive rodova Phomopsis, Botryosphaeria i Leucostoma. Dalja proučavanja ovih patogena i njihova uloga u pojavi iznenadnog sušenja mladih stabala šljive su u toku
Occurrence and diversity of phytoplasmas detected in clematis and their relationships with grapevine "flavescence doree" phytoplasmas (vol 60, pg 327, 2007)
No full textGermination of Iva xanthifolia, Amaranthus retropexus and Sorghum halepense under media with microorganisms
No full textThis investigation focused on testing the germination of three weed species (Iva xanthifolia Nutt., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) under the influence of several microorganisms: a population mix of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulans (MO1), humates (MO2), a mix of humates and A. chroococcum (MO3), pure A. chroococcurn (MO4) and B. circulans (MO5). The highest germination in all treatments with microorganisms was recorded for A. retroflexus seeds. Comparing treatments with microorganisms, we found germination to vary among the species tested. For instance, the lowest germination in the MO1 treatment was scored by S. halapense seeds, but it was nevertheless higher than control, while I. xanthifolia and A. retroflexus seeds germinated at approximately the same rate. In treatments MO2 and MO4, A. retroflexus had the highest germination rate, while I. xanthifolia germinated best in MO3. The MO5 treatment was not found to have a significant high stimulating effect on seed germination of any of the species tested
Osetljivost vrsta Conyza canadensis (L) cronquist i Conyza bonariensis (L) cronquist na glifosat
No full textChanges in leaf anatomy were examined in suspectedly resistant populations of C. canadensis and C. bonariensis after application of 2, 4 and 8 L ha-1 of the product Touch down (500 g a.i. glyphosate L-1). Samples for the analysis (LM, TEM) were collected 3, 7 and 24 h after herbicide application. Changes in chlorophyll and shikimic acid contents were also examined in the populations tested. Changes in the anatomy of leaves were not detected in the investigated populations 3 and 7 h after herbicide application. However, 24 h after application of different herbicide rates, differences were observed in leaf anatomy. Injuries were detected in C. bonariensis population after application of 2 L ha-1, and in C. canadensis population after treatment with the highest glyphosate rate (8 L ha-1). Changes were detected on cell walls, chloroplast lamellae and chloroplasts themselves. Based on chlorophyll and shikimic acid contents, significant statistical differences were detected between the treated and control plants.Praćene su promene u anatomskoj građi listova pretpostavljeno rezistentih populacija C. canadensis i C. bonariensis nakon primene 2, 4 i 8 L ha-1 Touch down (500 g a.m. glifosat L-1). Za analizu anatomske građe listova (LM, TEM) materijal je uzorkovan nakon 3, 7 i 24 h posle primene herbicida. Takođe, praćene su promene u sadržaju hlorofila i šikiminske kiseline kod testiranih populacija. Promene u anatomskoj građi listova nisu konstatovane kod ispitivanih populacija nakon 3 i 7 časova posle primene herbicida. Međutim, 24 časa nakon primene različitih količina uočene su razlike u anatomskoj građi listova. Oštećenja su bila uočljiva kod pop. C. bonariensis nakon primene 2 L ha-1, a kod pop. C. canadensis tek nakon primene najveće količine glifosata (8 L ha-1). Promene su uočene na ćelijskom zidu, lamelama hloroplasta, kao i na samim hloroplastama. Na osnovu sadržaja hlorofila i šikiminske kiseline takođe su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između tretiranih i kontrolnih biljaka
Tolerance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to imazethapyr
No full textThe response of RIMI [imazethapyr-tolerant (T)] sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid and the local imazethapyr-sensitive hybrid 'Zoltan' (S) was investigated under controlled conditions. Hybrids grown in pots were treated post-emergence with imazethapyr at the two pairs of leaves stage. Visual injury evaluation and vegetative parameters were recorded. ALS (acetolactate synthase) enzyme activity was estimated in vivo 24 h after imazethapyr application. Tolerance level was determined based on the resistance ratio index (ED50 - herbicide dose causing 50% growth inhibition of T hybrid/ ED50 of S hybrid). Significant differences were noted between the hybrids in the in vivo ALS activity and vegetative parameters. Indexes of resistance ranged between 5 and 452 for vegetative parameters, whereas the index for ALS activity was 210. The data confirmed the high level of tolerance of the hybrid Rimi as compared with the hybrid Zoltan
New strain of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' infecting Ulmus minor and U. laevis in Serbia
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Fitopatogenost fluorescentnih pseudomonada iz zagađenog zemljišta
No full textThe impacts of microbial community can be felt in every aspect of life. From the antibiotic resistance to the degradation of hazardous wastes, microbial communities are capable of radical impacts on our environment. The genus Pseudomonas includes species with functions of ecological, economic and health-related importance. Some species exhibit plant growth-promoting and pathogen-suppressing functions and may be exploited for use in biological control. Some are pathogenic for plants, while others are opportunistic pathogens of animals or humans. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize and identify these organisms for evaluating their behavior in the environment. Our aim was to compare some fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from polluted soil in Serbia and observe their pathogenicity on the plants. We analyzed 43 isolates from oil polluted soil by exhibiting fluorescence on King's B medium, exopolysaccharides (EPSI/EPSII) production on Yeast Manitol Agar with Calcofluor dye, SDS-PAGE and plasmid profiles to determine their diversity. Their pathogenicity was evaluated by causing necrose of green fruits' tissues. We compared Pseudomonas from the polluted soil with known plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Using polyphasic approach, we identified 8 plant pathogen Pseudomonas.Uticaj mikroorganizama može se odraziti na svaki aspekt života. Od rezistencije na antibiotike do degradacije opasnog otpada, mikroorganizmi mogu da vrše značajan uticaj na životnu sredinu. Rod Pseudomonas uključuje vrste sa velikim ekološkim, ekonomskim i zdravstvenim značajem. Neke vrste ispoljavaju promotorski uticaj na rast biljaka, neke vrše supresiju patogena, tako da se mogu koristiti kao značajni pri biološkoj kontroli. Neke vrste su biljni patogeni, dok su druge patogeni životinja i ljudi. Zbog toga je naročito značajna identifikacija i karakterizacija ovih mikroorganizama i njihovog ponašanja u životnoj sredini. Cilj ovog rada je bio upoređivanje fluorescentnih izolata Pseudomonas izolovanih iz zagađenog zemljišta u Srbiji i utvrđivanje njihove patogenosti na biljnom materijalu. Izolovano je 43 izolata iz uljem zagađenog zemljišta i praćena pojava fluorescencije na King B podlozi i egzopolisaharidna produkcija (EPSI/EPSII) na podlozi sa manitolom i Calcofluor bojom (Yeast Manitol Agar-Calcofluor dye). Analizirano je 18 fluorescentnih izolata. Pri utvrđivanju njihovog diverziteta određen je SDS-PAGE ukupnih ćelijskih proteina i plazmidni profili. Patogenost je praćena preko izazivanja nekroze tkiva zelenog voća. Upoređeni su izolati Pseudomonas iz zagađenog zemljišta sa poznatim biljnim patogenom Pseudomonas syringae. Koristeći polifazni pristup, izolovano je 8 Pseudomonas izolata koji su ispoljili patogeni efekat na biljnom tkivu
Virusi uvijenosti lišća vinove loze u centralnoj Srbiji
No full textLeaf roll is one of the most important virus disease (Grapevine Leaf roll Disease = GLD) of grapevines. It occurs in all of the major grape-growing regions of the world. GLD are a group of nine viruses called 'grapevine leaf roll-associated viruses' (GLRaV-1-9), that cause similar symptoms in infected grapevines. Samples were collected from 5 regions in Serbia, and from 18 grapevine cultivars during 2002, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and tested using ELISA test for detection GLRaV-1,2,3,5 and 7. Only GLRaV-1,2 and 3 were detected in investigated regions. GLRaV-1 was detected in all five regions, and GRLaV-3 wasn't detected only in Trstenik's vineyards. GLRaV-2 was the uncommon in Serbia. All investigated cultivars were infected by GLRaV-3.Uvijenost lišća vinove loze (Grapevine Leafroll Disease = GLD) je najznačajnije virusno oboljenje vinove loze. Do danas je u svetu utvrđeno ukupno devet različitih izduženih čestica, nazvanih 'grapevine leafroll-associated viruses' (GLRaV-1-9), u biljkama obolelim od uvijenosti lista. U pet značajnijih vinogorja u Srbiji u periodu od 2002 do 2007 godine testirano je ukupno 18 sorti vinove loze na prisustvo GLRaV1,2,3,5 i 7 primenom ELISA testa. U Srbiji je identifikovano prisustva tri soja, i to GLRaV-1,2 i 3 , GLRaV-1, je dokazan u svih pet ispitivanih vinogorja, a GLRaV-3, nije konstatovan samo u Trsteničkom vinogorju. U ispitivanim vinogorjima u Srbiji, najmanje je zastupljen GLRaV-2. Sve sorte kod kojih je bilo dokazano prisustvo GLRaVs bile zaražene u svim slučajevima GLRaV-3