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Proučavanje proteinskih profila bakterije Pseudomonas syringae izolovane sa različitih vrsta voćaka
No full textBacterium Pseudomonas syringae has numerous varieties with differentiated properties and is abundant in genetic diversity. Pseudomonas syringe has been experimentally identified in Serbia as a parasite of pear, apple, cherry, sour cherry, plum and raspberry. This study was designed to establish differences between the strains isolated from the fruit trees in Serbia with whole cell protein profiles analysis. The paghogenic and bacteriologycal characteristics of the isolates, cultivating, morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is diverse, but do not show any difference in their whole cell protein profiles.Bakterija Pseudomonas syringae ima veliki broj varijeteta sa različitim osobinama i sa velikom genetičkom raznovrsnošću. Pseudomonas syringae u Srbiji je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, breskve, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Cilj ove studije bio je da utvrdi postojanje eventualnih razlika između sojeva izolovanih sa različitih vrsta voćaka u Srbiji proučavanjem elektroforetskih profila ukupnih ćelijskih proteina. Proučavane su takođe patogene i biohemijske odlike sojeva poreklom sa raznih vrsta voćaka. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da su populacije bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa voća u Srbiji raznovrsne, ali da ne pokazuju razlike u elektroforetskim profilima ukupnih ćelijskih proteina
Osetljivost izolata Cercospora beticola prema karbendazimu i flutriafolu u Srbiji
No full textThe sensitivity of 110 Cercospora beticola (Sacc.) isolates to carbendazime (benzimidazoles) and flutriafol (triazole DMI) was investigated. Isolates on PDA were obtained from diseased sugar leaves collected in 11 localities in Serbia during the August 2007. The medium effective concentration (EC50), the relative sensitivity (b) and the level of resistance (NR) in relation to the most sensitive isolate were calculated the method applied by Karaoglanidis et al. (2000). The obtained results confirmed already resistance of Serbian isolates of C. beticola to carbendazime, but for the first time isolates from Erdevik and Maradik showed a significantly decreased sensitivity to flutriafol.Ispitivana je osetljivost izolata Cercospora beticola (Sacc.), prouzrokovača pegavosti lišća šećerne repe iz 11 lokaliteta u Srbiji prema karbendazimu (grupa benzimidazola) i flutriafolu (grupa triazola DMI) tokom 2007. godine. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno tokom avgusta meseca. Za ispitivane izolate izračunate su srednje efektivne koncentracije (EC50), relativna osetljivost (b) i nivo rezistentnosti (NR) u odnosu na najosetljiviji izolat, po metodi Karaoglanidis i sar. (2000). Dobijeni rezultati su potvrdili već ranije dokazanu rezistetnost izolata C. beticola poreklom iz Srbije na karbendazim, ali po prvi put i značajno smanjenu osetljivost izolata poreklom iz Erdevika i Maradika prema flutriafolu
Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije, III deo - prostorna distribucija i zastupljenost osam korovskih vrsta
No full textThe paper reviews the distribution and frequency of several species from a group of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weeds (Galium aparine, Helianthus tuberosus, Iva xanthifolia, Lactuca serriola, Orobanche cumana, Sonchus arvensis, Sorghum halepense and Xanthium strumarium) on the territory of Serbia, using a 10x10 km UTM map. The assessment included all categories of land, fields under small grains, row crops, perennial forage crops, long-term plantations, fallow land and non-agricultural land. The presence of quarantine weeds was rated on the scale from 1 to 4 (1 - the species occurs individually, taking lass than 5% of the area; 2 - the species takes 5 to 25% of the area; 3 - the species is frequent and it takes 25 to 50% of the area; 4 - the species is more numerous than the crop and it takes more than 50% of the area).U radu je prikazana distribucija i zastupljenost nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta (Galium aparine, Helianthus tuberosus, Iva xanthifolia, Lactuca serriola, Orobanche cumana, Sonchus arvensis, Sorghum halepense i Xanthium strumarium), na području Srbije, na UTM mapi, razmera 10x10 km. Snimanjima su obuhvaćene sve kategorije obradivih površina: strna žita, okopavine, višegodišnje krmne biljke, višegodišnji zasadi, strništa i nepoljoprivredne površine. Ocena zastupljenosti kartiranih vrsta rađena je po skali 1-4 (1 - vrsta se sreće pojedinačno i zauzima do 5% površine; 2 - sreće se i zauzima 5-25% površine; 3 - sreće se često i zauzima 25-50% površine; 4 - vrsta preovladava nad gajenom biljkom i zauzima preko 50% površine)
Etiološka proučavanja bakteriozne vlažne truleži uskladištenih glavica komorača
No full textSoft rot bacterial strains were isolated from diseased fennel bulbs. They were characterised on the basis of its pathogenicity morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. All investigated strains caused the soft rot of inoculated fenel bulbs, pepper fruits as well as clices of potato and carrot. Results of bacteriological properties show that soft rot of fennel bulbs were caused by Gram negative, nonfluorescent, facultative anaerobic, levan and oxidase negative bacteria belonging to the genus Pectobacterium. The investigared strains utilised lactose, grew at 5% NaCl and weak growth was recorded on 37oC; they are resistent to erytromicin. Negative results were recorded in indol, phospathase, lecithinase and reducing compounds pf sucrose tests. These results as well as the characteristics growth on Logan differential medium indicated that sof rot of fenel bulbs was caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This is the first report of this bacterium affecting fennel bulbs in Serbia.U radu su proučene patogene i biohemijske odlike fitopatogenih bakterija izolovanih iz glavica komorača sa simptomima truleži. Proučavani sojevi prouzrokuju trulež glavica komorača, veštački inokulisanih, plodova paprike, kao i kriški mrkve i krompira i pri tome ispoljavaju izraženu pektolitičku aktivnost. Proučavanjem bakterioloških odlika utvrđeno je da su izolovani sojevi Gramnegativni, ne fluoresciraju na Kingovoj podlozi B, glukozu metabolišu i u aerobnim i anaerobnim uslovima, ne stvaraju levan i oksidazu. Na osnovu navedenih karakteristika zaključeno je da ispitivani sojevi pripadaju rodu Pectobacterium. Proučavani sojevi ne stvaraju fosfatazu, lecitinazu, indol, redukujuće supstance iz saharoze, a na Loganovoj podlozi formiraju karakteristične kolonije ružičaste boje sa tamnim centrom. Na osnovu ovih, ali i rezultata ostalih diferencijalnih testova za vrste roda Pectobacterium (metabolizam ugljenih hidrata, razvoj pri 5% NaCl, osetljivost prema eritromicinu), zaključeno je da vlažnu trulež komorača prouzrokuje bakterija Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Ovo je prvo saopštenje o nalazu ove bakterije kao patogena komorača u Srbiji
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum - prouzrokovač vlažne truleži biljaka kale u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori
No full textBacterial strains were isolated from above- and underground parts of diseased calla plants originating from different localities in Serbia and one locality in Montenegro. They were characterized by studying their pathogenic, cultural, biochemical and physiological characteristics. All investigated strains caused soft rot of calla leaf stalks, potato slices and aloe leaves, and induced hypersensitive reaction on tobacco. Bacteriological properties of the strains indicated that symptoms on calla plants were caused by Gram-negative, nonfluorescent, oxidase negative, catalase positive and facultatively anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Pectobacterium. The investigated strains grew at 37ºC and in 5% NaCl, utilised lactose and trechalose, and produced neither indol nor lecitinase. These results, as well as the characteristic growth on Logan's differential medium indicated that soft rot of tuber and stem base of calla plants was caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This is the first report of this pathogen affecting calla plants in Serbia.Proučene su patogene, odgajivačke i biohemijsko-fiziološke odlike sojeva izolovanih iz nadzemnih i podzemnih delova obolelih biljaka kale gajene u različitim lokalitetima u Srbiji i jednom lokalitetu u Crnoj Gori. Svi proučavani sojevi ispoljili su izraženu pektolitičku aktivnost prouzrokujući vlažnu trulež lisnih drški kale, kriški krompira, liski aloje ili sanseverije, a prouzrokovali su i hipersenzitivnu reakciju duvana. Proučavanjem bakterioloških karakteristika utvrđeno je da promene na biljkama kale prouzrokuju Gram-negativni, nefluorescentni, oksidaza-negativni, katalaza-pozitivni i fakultativno-anaerobni sojevi bakterije, koja prema navedenim karakteristikama pripada rodu Pectobacterium. Proučavani sojevi se razvijaju pri 37ºC i u prisustvu 5% NaCl, razlažu laktozu i trehalozu, ne stvaraju indol i lecitinazu. Navedeni rezultati, kao i karakterističan razvoj na Loganovoj diferencijalnoj podlozi ukazuju da je vlažnu trulež korena i prizemnog dela biljaka kale prouzrokovala bakterija Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Ovo je prvo saopštenje o pojavi P. c. ssp. carotovorum kao patogena kale u Srbiji
Stolbur Phytoplasma Transmission to Maize by Reptalus panzeri and the Disease Cycle of Maize Redness in Serbia
No full textMaize redness (MR), induced by stolbur phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', subgroup 16SrXII-A), is characterized by midrib, leaf, and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development. MR has been reported from Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria for 50 years, and recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40 to 90% in South Banat District, Serbia. Potential vectors including leafhoppers and planthoppers in the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, were surveyed in MR-affected and low-MR-incidence fields, and 33 different species were identified. Only Reptalus panzeri populations displayed characteristics of a major MR vector. More R. panzeri individuals were present in MR-affected versus low-MR fields, higher populations were observed in maize plots than in field border areas, and peak population levels preceded the appearance of MR in late July. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 17% of R. panzeri adults using nested polymerase chain reaction but not in any other insects tested. Higher populations of R. panzeri nymphs were found on maize, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in roots of these three plant species, as well as in R. panzeri L-3 and L-5 nymphs. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri L-3 nymphs were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize and wheat plants, 89 and 7%, respectively, became infected. These results suggest that the MR disease cycle in South Banat involves mid-July transmission of stolbur phytoplasma to maize by infected adult R. panzeri. The adult R. panzeri lay eggs on infected maize roots, and nymphs living on these roots acquire the phytoplasma from infected maize. The nymphs overwinter on the roots of wheat planted into maize fields in the autumn, allowing emergence of phytoplasma-infected vectors the following July
Areopraon chaitophori n. sp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) associated with Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch on poplars, with a key for European Areopraon Mackauer species
No full textAreopraon chaitophori n. sp. associated with Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch on Populus nigra is described and illustrated. The main diagnostic characters of Areopraon species are discussed, and a key for identification of European species is provided. The distal dorsal part of the second metasomal tergite of Areopraon species has a very prominent horizontal longitudinal protuberance, which represents a new diagnostic character for Areopraon
Prisustvo fitoplazmoza vinove loze u najznačajnijim vinogorjima Srbije
No full textThe widespread of phytoplasmasa of the grapevine in Serbia was investigated from 2003 to 2005. A total of 505 vineyards were examined in 25 vineyard areals. According to results geographical distribution of phytoplasmas in vineyards in Serbia was obtained, as wel as the disease severity and types of pathogens that were identified. Phytoplasmas presence has been proved in 22 of 25 vineyards areals, and in 354 of 505 observed vineyards. Incidenece of phytoplasmas were registred in the vines of all varieties observed and tested, but in unequal severity. High level of infection of vine (in some cases over 50%) was found in vineyard areals of Sićevo, Župa, Trstenik and Negotin. On the other hand, phytoplasmas were not found or not prowed in areals of Pocersko, Prokupačko and Ražanjsko. The high severity were detected at vine cvs. Plovdina (90%) and Chardonnay (67%), medium at cvs. Župski bojadiser (34%), Frankovka (29%) and Smederevka (27%), low at Black Burgundy (20%), Rhine Riesling (18%) and Italian Riesling (9%), and in trace at cv. Prokupac (4%). The presence of two phytoplasmas were proved by PCR: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' (Flavescence dorée - FD) and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (Bois noir - BN). It was proved that 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' in Serbia belongs to 16SrV-C strain.Dat je prikaz rasprostranjenosti fitoplazmoza na vinovoj lozi u Srbiji za period od 2003. do 2005. godine. Ukupno je pregledano 505 vinograda u 25 vinogorja. Rezultati pokazuju raširenost fitoplazmoza po vinogorjima Srbije, zatim zaraženost najzanačajnijih sorata vinove loze, kao i vrste patogena koji su identifikovani. Prisustvo fitoplazmoza dokazano je u 22 od 25 vinogorja, odnosno u 354 od 505 osmatrana vinograda. Pojava fitoplazmoznih oboljenja registrovana je na čokotima svih sorata obuhvaćenih u ovom radu, ali u nejednakom intezitetu. Visok stepen zaraze (pojedini slučajevi preko 50%) utvrđen je u Sićevačkom, Župskom, Trsteničkom i Negotinskom vinogorju. S druge strane, fitoplazmozna oboljenja na vinovoj lozi nisu nađena, odnosno dokazana u Pocerskom, Prokupačkom i Ražanjskom vinogorju. Jak stepen zaraze utvrđen je na sortama Plovdina (90%) i Šardone (67%), srednji na Župskom bojadiseru (34%), Frankovki (29%) i Smederevki (27%), osetna zaraza dokazana je na Crnom burgundcu (20%), Rajnskom (18%) i Italijanskom rizlingu (9%) a zaraza u tragovima otkrivena je na sorti Prokupac (4%). Prisustvo fitoplazmi u čokotima sa simptomima fitoplazmoznih oboljenja dokazana je molekularnobiološkim metodama (PCR). Utvrđeno je prisustvo dve fitoplazme i to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' prouzrokovač zlatastog žutila (Flavescence dorée - FD) i 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' prouzrokovač crnila drveta (Bois noir - BN). 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' dokazana na vinovoj lozi u nas pripada 16SrV-C soju
Molecular characteristics of phytoplasmas associated with Flavescence doree in clematis and grapevine and preliminary results on the role of Dictyophara europaea as a vector
No full textA survey was conducted over several years in Italy and the Balkans in order to gain an understanding of the relationship between the Flavescence doree (FD) phytoplasma isolates found in clematis and grapevine. A total of 399 clematis and 107 grapevine samples were analyzed. The results showed that 36% of the Clematis vitalba plant samples were infected by phytoplasmas which, in grapevine, are associated with FD, a quarantine disease in Europe. Infected clematis plants were also found in areas where FD phytoplasma had never previously been reported to infect grapevine, Such as Macedonia, Croatia and some areas of Italy and Serbia. Molecular data from three phytoplasma genomic fragments showed the presence of different FD phytoplasma isolates, all belonging to the 16SrV-C subgroup, including the Italian FD-C isolate, the isolate found in Serbia, an isolate similar to the French FD2000 and a new isolate typical of central Italy. A few clematis plants were infected with single nucleotide polymorphism, insertion or deletion mutants of the FD-C isolate. Of all the potential Hemipteran vector species surveyed in Italy and Serbia, only 18 of 527 Dictyophara europaea individuals tested proved to he infected with the FD phytoplasma. Preliminary transmission experiments showed that this species is able to transmit the FD phytoplasma from clematis to grapevine. The presence of FD-infected clematis and of D. europaea could, therefore, constitute a risk for FD epidemics in the European viticultural regions
Germination of Iva xanthifolia, Amaranthus retroflexus and Sorghum halepense under media with microorganisms
No full textThis investigation focused on testing the germination of three weed species (Iva xanthifolia Nutt., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) under the influence of several microorganisms: a population mix of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulans (MO 1), humates (MO2), a mix of humates and A. chroococcum (MO3), pure A. chroococcum (MO4) and B. circulans (MO 5). The highest germination in all treatments with microorganisms was recorded for A. retroflexus seeds. Comparing treatments with microorganisms, we found germination to vary among the species tested. For instance, the lowest germination in the MO1 treatment was scored by S. halapense seeds, but it was nevertheless higher than control, while I. xanthifolia and A. retroflexus seeds germinated at approximately the same rate. In treatments MO2 and MO4, A. retroflexus had the highest germination rate, while I. xanthifolia germinated best in MO3. The MO5 treatment was not found to have a significant high stimulating effect on seed germination of any of the species tested