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Rasprostranjenost i karakterizacija fitopatogenih bakterija na merkantilnim usevima pasulja u Vojvodini
No full textThe present paper discusses the occurrence and severity of bacterial bean diseases in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Leaf samples of diseased bean plants were collected from a number of locations in the province. All the samples from all the locations tested positive for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, indicating that the bacterium is widespread on commercial plots and gardens planted to bean in Vojvodina. The bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola was isolated from a smaller number of samples, which shows that it is not widespread on bean in the province. Identification of the isolates was confirmed using the classic phytobacterial methods (for the pathogenic, morphological, breeding and biochemical-physiological characteristics of the isolates) as well as the rapid modern methods (ELISA for serological and PCR for molecular properties).U radu su proučavane bakterioze pasulja, njihovo prisustvo i intenzitet pojave na teritoriji Vojvodine. Izolacijama iz prikupljenih obolelih uzoraka pasulja (list) na standardne hranljive podloge, dobijene su kolonije Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli iz svih ispitivanih uzoraka i lokaliteta, što ukazuje na dominantno prisustvo ove bakterije na proizvodnim parcelama i okućnicama pasulja kod nas. Bakterija Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola je izolovana kod manjeg broja uzoraka, što pokazuje da nije široko rasprostranjena u našim uslovima gajenja pasulja. Identifikacija izolata ovih bakterija je dokazana korišćenjem klasičnih fitobakterioloških (patogene, morfološke, odgajivačke i biohemijsko-fiziološke odlike izolata) i brzih, savremenih metoda (serološke-ELISA i molekularne-PCR)
Karakteristike izolata Pseudomonas syringae izolovanih sa kruške u Srbiji
No full textThe test results of Pseudomonas syringae strains, isolated by a pear trees are as given. The symptoms of disesease, caused by this bacterium, appeared in two types: a blossom blast, a trunk necrosis and a branch followed by canker formation. All strains are Gram negative, fluorescent on a King medium B and oxydative (O/F test). The tested strains are HR positive, producing a levan, but don't oxydase, arginindehydrolase and pectinase (LOPAT +---+). Strains originated from a pear trees caused necrosis on an artificial inoculated pear, cherry and lemon fruits, as well as a syringae leaves and bean pods. The results of differential tests for P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. morsprunorum (GATT) revealed that the tested strains hydrolise gelatin and esculin, but the negative results are recorded in tyrosinase production and tartrate utilization tests. The PCR analysis, by using a BOX primer, shows the high level of symilarity among the Serbian P. syringae strains, isolated from a pear fruit trees, but also within a slice differencies, compared with a check strain CFBP 1582. These results confirm a previous data about genetic diversity among P. syringae strains originated from a different areas all around the world. Based on the obtained results, it's concluded that the tested strains belong to P. syringae pv. syringae. Further characterization of P. syringae strains, isolated from pear in Serbia use the ERIC and REP PCR and it's still underway.U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja fitopatogene bakterije Pseudomonas syringae, kao patogena kruške u Srbiji. Bolest se ispoljava u dva vida simptoma: palež cvasti i nekroza grana i debla mladih stabala kruške praćena obrazovanjem rak rana. Izolovani sojevi bakterije su Gramnegativni, fluorescentni, glukozu metabolišu isključivo u aerobnim uslovima (oksidativno). Stvaraju levan i prouzrokuju HR duvana ali ne stvaraju oksidazu, arginin dehidrolazu i pektinazu (LOPAT + - - - +). Prouzrokuju nekrozu inokulisanih plodova kruške, trešnje, limuna, listova jorgovana i mahuna boranije. Proučavani izolati hidrolizuju želatin i eskulin ali negativno reaguju pri testovima stvaranja tirozinaze i metabolizma tartarata (GATT). Na osnovu patogenih i biohemijskih odlika zaključeno je da proučavani izolati ispoljavaju izrazitu sličnost sa Psudomonas syringae pv. syringae, široko rasprostranjenim i ekonomski štetnim patogenom kruške. Primenom PCR analize korišćenjem BOX prajmera potvrđena je izrazita homogenost sojeva poreklom sa kruške, izolovanih u Srbiji, ali izvesne razlike u odnosu na kontrolne sojeve, što potvrđuje ranije dokazanu raznolikost sojeva ove bakterije u zavisnosti od lokaliteta i područja iz kog su izolovani. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja dat je i predlog za uspostavljanje standardne procedure na bazi patogenih, biohemijskih i molekularnih metoda (primenom PCR) u cilju što brže i pouzdanije detekcije ove bakterije u biljnom materijalu, što je od velikog značaja pri proizvodnji sadnog materijala, proučavanja epidemiologije patogena i razrade mera njegovog suzbijanja
Uticaj agroekoloških uslova proizvodnje i predtretmana na životnu sposobnost semenskih krtola krompira sorte Desiree
No full textInvestigation have been presents an contribution to researching of controlled and non-controlled factors of viability of potatoes seed-tubers. Also, in way of metodology brushing, measuring and estimation of parameters of life viability of potato seed-tubers (characteristic). Researches have been done on potatoes seed-tubers cultivar of Kondor. Seed material of two generation is comprised: category A and category B. Experimental production of seed material have been done during two year vegetation period (2000 and 2001) on three location (Kotraža, Sjenica and Golija). Keeping of seed-tubers in cold condition lasted about 100 days. Then seed material has been exposed to thermal induction, after that is removed of apical germ of tuber and seed material have been exposed to dark and light phase with adequate temperature regimes. Following characteristics were brushing and measured on (seed tubers): number of germ per tuber, germ plumpness per tuber, germ length per tuber and number of leaves per tuber. Characteristics of seed tubers have been researched from 7 day after beginning of dark phase. Characteristics such as number of germ, germ plumpness, germ length and were researching on 7th an 14th days (in dark phase) and 21st, 28th and 35th days (in light phase). Previously, seed material has been controlled on healthy state. Experimental data are calculated with three factorial analyze variance (for factors: seed category, production location and year-vegetation period) for each category separately and for each term of characteristics brushing. Among category exist clear difference are in the way of seed value characteristics as different statistical significance of factor and interaction for number of germ, plumpness of germ and length of germ and. For the characteristic number leaves per tuber there is no statistical significance for none of factor or interactions at both cultivars in all three terms. Results are applicable in seed tubers production of cultivar Kondor.Izvršena istraživanja predstavljaju prilog proučavanja uticaja kontrolisanih i nekontrolisanih faktora na životnu sposobnost semenskih krtola krompira. Takođe, i u pogledu metodologije utvrđivanja, merenja i ocenjivanja pokazatelja životne sposobnosti semenskih krtola krompira (osobina). Istraživanja su vršena na semenskim krtolama sorte Desiree. Obuhvaćen je semenski materijal dve generacije: original i I sortna reprodukcija. Eksperimentalna proizvodnja semenskog materijala izvršena je tokom dve godine-vegetaciona perioda (2000. i 2001) na tri lokacije (Kotraža, Sjenica i Golija). Čuvanje semenskih krtola u hladnim uslovima trajalo je oko 100 dana. Zatim je semenski materijal izlagan termičkoj indukciji nakon čega su uklonjene apikalne klice sa krtola. Posle toga semenske krtole su izložene tamnoj i svetloj fazi ispitivanja uz odgovarajuće temperaturne režime. Na materijalu (semenskin krtolama) utvrđivane su i merene sledeće osobine: broj klica po krtoli, debljina klica po krtoli, dužina klica po krtoli i broj listova po krtoli. Osobine semenskih krtola ispitivane su od sedmog dana posle početka tamne faze. Osobine broj klica, debljina i dužina klica ispitivane su 7 i 14 dana (u tamnoj fazi) i 21, 28 i 35 dana (u svetloj fazi). Broj listova ispitivan je 21, 28 i 35 dana (u svetloj fazi. Semenski materijal je predhodno kontrolisan na zdravstveno stanje. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su trofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse (faktori: kategorija semena, lokacija proizvodnje i godina vegetcioni period) posebno za svaku kategoriju i termin utvrđivanja osobina. Između kategorija ispoljene su jasne razlike u pogledu vrednosti osobina semenskih krtola kao i različita statistička značajnost faktora i interakcija za broj klica, debljinu klica i dužinu klica. Za osobinu broj listova po krtoli nemaju statističku značajnost ni jedan faktor ili interakcije kod obe kategorije u sva tri termina. Rezultati su primenjivi u semenarstvu krompira sorte Desiree
Značaj fizioloških svojstava u selekciji pšenice u uslovima navodnjavanja i stresa suše
No full textThe correlation analysis and the path coefficient analysis were applied to wheat data set with the objective to determine the effect of five physiological traits (early vigor, early maturity, leaf senescence, flag leaf area and total biomass per plant) on grain yield under irrigation and drought stress conditions. The data set consisted of 100 divergent genotypes tested in four-year field trials. Highly significant correlations were found between grain yield, early vigor and total biomass per plant in both treatments. A highly negative correlation was detected between grain yield and days to flowering, as well as, between grain yield and leaf senescence in both treatments. The path analysis revealed a highly significant direct effect of days to anthesis and total biomass per plant on grain yield. Early vigor, leaf senescence and the flag leaf area had a significant indirect effect on grain yield via days to anthesis and total biomass per plant. Early vigor, early maturity and leaf senescence were found to be suitable for wheat breeding under different moisture regimes. These traits can be evaluated quickly and easily, and thus they can be used for the evaluation of large populations.Korelaciona i path analiza korišćene su da bi se otkrio utacaj pet fizioloških osobina (rani, vigor, ranostasnost, žućenje listova, površina lista zastavičara i ukupna biomasa po biljci) na prinos pšenice u uslovima navodnjavanja i suše. Ispitivano je 100 različitih genotipova u četvorogodišnjim poljskim ogledima. Značajna i pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je između prinosa, ranog vigora i ukupne biomase u oba tretmana. Između prinosa i broja dana do cvetanja, kao i između prinosa i žućenja listova ustanovljena je značajna negativna korelacija u oba tretmana. Path analizom je utvrđeno da je uticaj ranostasnosti i ukupne biomase na prinos bio direktan i značajan. Rani vigor, žućenje listova i površina lista zastavičara su pokazali značajan indirektni uticaj na prinos preko ranostasnosti i ukupne biomase po biljci. Rani vigor, ranostasnost i žućenje listova se mogu smatrati kao pogodni kriterijumi za selekciju u različitim režimima vlažnosti. Ocenjivanje ovih osobina je brzo i lako, pa se mogu koristiti u radu sa velikim brojem populacija
Proučavanje raznovrsnosti bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa različitih voćaka u Srbiji
No full textPseudomonas syringae is a widespread and economically important plant pathogen, one found on a number of hosts, including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. This bacterium has been experimentally identified as a parasite of pear, apple, apricot, peach, cherry, sour cherry, plum, and raspberry. The present study was designed to establish differences between strains isolated from fruit trees in Serbia. The pathogenic and biochemical characteristics of isolates were studied. The BOX-PCR method was used to generate genomic fingerprints of Pseudomonas syringae isolates and to identify strains that were previously not distinguishable by other classification methods. Different Bacillus sp. strains were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Pseudononas syringae isolates. Bacillus sp. strains show inhibitory activity only against P. syringae isolates that originated from peach. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is very diverse.Pseudomonas syringae je široko rasprostranjena i ekonomski značajna fitopatogena bakterija, sa širokim krugom domaćina koji uključuje voćke, ratarske, povrtarske i ukrasne biljke. Pseudomonas syringae u Srbiji je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, kajsije, breskve, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Cilj ove studije bio je da utvrdi postojanje eventualnih razlika između sojeva izolovanih sa različitih vrsta voćaka u Srbiji. Proučavane su patogene i biohemijske osobine sojeva. BOX-PCR je korišćen za dobijanje profila izolata Pseudomonas syringae u cilju identifikacije sojeva koji se ne mogu utvrditi drugim metodama. Različiti sojevi roda Bacillus su testirani u cilju utvrđivanja njihove in vitro inhibitorne aktivnosti. Sojevi roda Bacillus su pokazali inhibitornu aktivnost samo na P. syringae izolovanih sa breskve. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali suda je populacija bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa voća u Srbiji vrlo raznovrsna
Incidence and Distribution of Iris yellow spot virus on Onion in Serbia
No full textIn a survey to determine the presence and distribution of It-is yellows, spot virus (IYSV) in greenhouse ornamentals and onion field crops in 14 districts of Serbia as well as on imported ornamental plants, 1,574 samples were collected and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). IYSV was not detected in nearly 1,200 plant samples collected from 39 genera of ornamentals grown in greenhouses in Serbia or imported from other countries during 2005 to 2007. The virus was detected in samples from an onion seed crop in the Sirig locality (South Backa District) that showed symptoms resembling those caused by IYSV and in samples without IYSV-Iike symptoms from an onion bulb crop in the Obrenovac locality (City of Belgrade District). Mechanical transmission of IYSV isolates was difficult, and only the isolate 605-SRB could infect four plant species, but not in all replications. No virus transmission could be demonstrated in 5,000 tested seeds originating from IYSV-infected onion crops. For further confirmation of IYSV, the nucleotide sequence of its nucleocapsid (NC) gene was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in symptomatic onion samples as well as in symptomless leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Four previously developed primers were tested to determine their suitability for routine detection of Serbian IYSV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of isolates 605-SRB and 622-SRB from the onion seed crop and isolate 283-SRB front the onion bulb crop into two distant clades. The analysis indicated that Serbian isolates of IYSV do not share a recent common ancestor and that they represent two distinct lineages of IYSV in Serbia. Considering that onion is one of the most important and traditionally grown vegetable crops in Serbia, IYSV represents a potentially devastating pathogen in this country
Prvi nalaz erysiphae cichoracearum var. cichoracearum na kantarionu u Srbiji
No full textIn May and June 2006 severe incidence of powdery mildew symptoms in a plantation of St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) that has been cultivated as a medicinal plant at experimental fields of Institute for Medicnal Plant Researchin (Pančevo, Serbia) was observed. In September of the same year numerous clestothecia of the pathogen were formed on spontaneous plants of St. John's-wort at Vlasina Mounti (locality Vlasina Lake). White mycelial petchs (approximately 5 mm in diameter) were observed on leaves, leaves petals and stems. At the end of summer mycelia covered leaves completely which and necroted and fall down before the end of vegetation, so such diseased plants were completely unusefull as herb drug. According to morphological features the fungus was determinated as Erysiphe cichoracearum var. cichoracearum. Powdery mildew pathogens have not previously been reported on St. John's-wort in Serbia.Tokom maja i juna 2006. godine primećena je jaka pojava pepelnice na kantarionu (Hypericum perforatum L.) koji se plantažno gajio na komercijalnim zasadima Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja u Pančevu. Tokom semptebra iste godine zapažene su brojne kleistotecije teleomorfa patogena na spontanim biljkama kantariona na Vlasini (Vlasinsko jezero). Bela micelijska navlaka javlja se na listovima, lisnim drškama i stablu. Krajem leta micelija prekriva celu površinu lišća, koje nekrotira, suši se i otpada, tako da su obolele biljke kantariona potpuno neupotrtebljive kao biljna droga. Na osnovu morfologije patogena gljiva je determinisana kao Erysiphe cichoracearum var. cichoracearum. Prouzrokovači pepelnice na kantarionu do sada nisu bili opisani u Srbiji
Uticaj pH vrednosti podloge i svetlosti na rast i sporulisanje kolonija Venturia inaequalis
No full textThe effect of medium pH and artificial and diffuse light on growth and sporulation of Venturia inaequalis was studied in vitro. Optimal pH for colony growth was 5,9 and at pH 8,0 the best sporulation of pathogen was detected. Morphology of coloneis depends on pH of medium. Both diffuse and artificila light stimulated colony growth and sporulation compared to the darkness, but there no regularities between sourece of light and exposure period.Uticaj pH podloge i difuzne i veštačke svetlosti na porast i sporulaciju Venturia inaequalis ispitivan je in vitro. Optimalna pH vrednost za porast kolonija je pH 5,9 a na pH 8,0 utvrđena je najintenzivnija sporulacija patogena. Kiselost podloge utiče i na morfološki izgled kolonija. Svetlost stimulativno deluje na porast i sporulaciju patogena u odnosu na tamu, ali između veštačke i difuzne svetlost i dužine trajanja osvetljenja nema zakonitosti
Antagonističke interakcije rizobakterija i cistolikih nematoda krompira
No full textThe increased presence of pesticides in food chain and its consequences resulted in the development of biological agents as alternative methods of control invasive organisms. Rhizobacteria and nematodes are usual inhabitants of a soil biological network. Recent studies have shown that some rhizobacteria can act as nematode antagonists. The investigations were aimed to show a possible suppressive impact of some rhizobacteria - components of comercial microbiological manures on potato cyst nematode hatching in in vitro experiments. Effects of the three rhizobacterial species: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, Rhizobium phaseoli and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (commercial products with sterile peat as medium) were observed on the hatching of G. rostochiensis. After 15 days of the beginning of the experiment, the percentage of hatched G. rostochiensis juveniles was counted. The hatching of juveniles in all rhizobacterial suspensions was reduced in comparison to control. The suspension of Bradyrhizobium japonicum caused greater inhibitory effect on the hatching of G. rostochiensis followed by Rhizobium leguminosarum. The impact of Rhizobium phaseoli on G. rostochiensis hatching was the least. In the similar experiment with G. pallida the supression of hatching was noticed as well. In our experiments, all the species of rhizobacteria used, decrease hatching of Globodera second stage juveniles. The antagonistic activity of these rhizobacteria on potato cyst nematodes as a potential tool for nematode biocontrol, requires further investigations.U cilju utvrđivanja antagonista krompirovih cistolikih nematoda, kao najznačajnijih parazita krompira, ispitivan je uticaj određenih rizobakterija koje predstavljaju komponente mikrobioloških đubriva na piljenje invazivnih larvi Globodera. Rezultati ogleda in vitro ukazuju na potencijalnu mogućnost korišćenja rizobakterija u biološkoj kontroli cistolikih nematoda krompira