PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment
Not a member yet
602 research outputs found
Sort by
Preliminarna zapažanja o primeni metode fluorescencije hlorofila u fitopatologiji kod nas
No full textBetween many biochemical, microbiological, and (in contemporary time) molecular methods, all of them were broadly used in phytopatological praktice in our country, we are not see use of biophysical methods for this reason, althogh this methods are very valuable in plant ecophysiology, as a science discipline of fundamental importance! In world literature existed examples for application biophysical methods, particularly fluorescence of chlorophyll in detection of symptoms of pathogenic atack on cultural plants in situ. Because of that reason we tested method of so called non-modulated fluorescence of chlorophyll for detection of physiological changes (induced by phytopatological factors) on two cultivars of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L): Game Bojadiser and Frankovka, infected by plant viruses. Existence of those viruses also detected by common microbiological methods.Među brojnim biohemijskim, mikrobiološkim, a odskora i molekularnim metodama, koje se koriste u fitopatološkoj praksi u nas, nismo zapazili primenu biofizičkih metoda, koje se široko primenjuju u ekofiziologiji biljaka, fundamentalnoj disciplini. U svetskoj literaturi postoje primeri za aplikaciju biofizičkih metoda, a posebno fluorescencije hlorofila, u detekciji patogenih simptoma gajenih biljaka in situ. Zato smo testirali metodu tzv. nemodulisane fluorescencije hlorofila za detekciju fizioloških promena (uzrokovanih fitopatološkim razlozima) na dve sorte vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L), Game Bojadiser i Frankovka, zaražene biljnim virusima. Prisustvo tih virusa detektovano je uobičajenim mikrobiološkim metodama
Uticaj jedinjenja ugljenika i azota na porast izolata Colletotrichum spp.
No full textIn Serbia, the occurrence of anthracnose on pear, apple, sour cherry, and tomato fruits has been recorded during the last several years. Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from all diseased fruits. Twenty monoconidial isolates were selected for comparative studies, and the reference strains of C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) and C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97) were used as a control. The physiological studies have included the investigation of the effect of different sources of carbon and nitrogen on growth of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. The results indicated that carboxymethyl cellulose was the most appropriate source of carbon for the growth of isolates of Colletottrichum spp. Of the three nitrogen sources studied, the best growth of all tested fungi was recorded on the media with casein hydrolysate.U Srbiji je tokom poslednjih godina zabeležena pojava antraknoze ploda kruške, jabuke, višnje i paradajza. Iz obolelih plodova su izolovane gljive roda Colletotrichum. Za komparativna istraživanja je odabrano 20 monosporijalnih izolata, kao i referentni sojevi C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) i C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97) koji su predstavljali kontrolu. Fiziološka proučavanja su obuhvatila i određivanja uticaja različitih izvora ugljenika i azota na porast kultura C. acutatum i C. gloeosporioides. Rezultati su pokazali da je karboksimetilceluloza najadekvatniji izvor ugljenika za rast izolata Colletottrichum spp. Od tri proučavana izvora azota, najveći porast svih testiranih gljiva zabeležen je na podlogama sa kazeinhidrolizatom
Bembecia bumbureta sp. n.- nova vrsta staklokrilca (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) iz severozapadnog Pakistana
No full textNew species, Bembecia bumbureta sp. n., is described. It is similar to the West Caucasian species Bembecia syzcjovi Gorbunov, 1989, and Bembecia pagesi Toševski, 1993 described from North India. The new species is collected in North West Pakistan, Chitral province using pheromone trap. Bionomics and host plant are unknown.U ovom radu prikazan je opis vrste Bembecia bumbureta sp. n. Novoopisana vrsta je slična vrsti Bembecia syzcjovi Gorbunov, 1989 iz zapadnog Kavkaza i vrsti Bembecia pagesi Toševski, 1993, koja je opisana iz severne Indije. Nova vrsta je ulovljena na feromonske klopke u Čitral provinciji (severno-zapadni Pakistan). Biologija i biljka domaćin je nepoznata
Nova vrsta staklokrilca iz severozapadnog Pakistana - Dipchasphecia chitrala sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)
No full textA new species, Dipchasphecia chitrala sp. n., is described. It is similar to the Dipchasphecia naumanni Špatenka, 1991 described from western Afghanistan and Baluchistan province in Pakistan. The new species is collected on several localities in Chitral province (North West Pakistan) using pheromone trap. Bionomics and host plant are unknown.U ovom radu prikazan je opis vrste Dipchasphecia chitrala sp. n. Novoopisana vrsta je slična vrsti Dipchasphecia naumanni Špatenka, 1991 koja je opisana iz Avganistana i Belučistan provincije u Pakistanu. Primerci novoopisane vrste su sakupljeni na nekoliko lokaliteta u provinciji Čitral (severozapadni Pakistan). Biologija i biljka domaćin su nepoznati
Molecular detection of potato stolbur phytoplasma in Serbia
No full textIn August 2010 potato plants expressing symptoms of phytoplasma infection were collected from three localities in Vojvodina province of Serbia and analyzed for phytoplasma presence. Phytoplasma detection was performed by PCR/RFLP analyzes of 16S rRNA gene and by stolbur-specific PCR amplification with Stol11 primers. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in all symptomatic potato plants analyzed. This is the first report of molecular detection of stolbur phytoplasma infecting potato in Serbia
Stolbur phytoplasma infection of kale crops (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.) in Serbia
No full textKale plants (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.) showing symptoms of reddening on leaf and petioles and overall stunting were found on locality Pancevo (south Banat) during inspection on vegetable crops carried out in 2010 in Serbia. The phytoplasma associated with the disease was detected through nested PCR with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 followed by RFLP analysis with restriction enzyme Msel. A total of 10 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic plants were collected and analyzed for the presence of phytoplasma. Nested PCR amplified 16S ribosomal RNA fragments of phytoplasma in all samples of kale with symptoms, while all asymptomatic plants tested negative. Digestion with Msel identified in infected kale the same pattern as a reference strain of stolbur phytoplasma belonging to 16SrXII-A group. Amplification of the elongation factor tuf gene and digestion with HpaII restriction enzyme was performed for genotype differentiation of stolbur phytoplasmas detected in kale. Digestion of tuf gene indicated presence of tuf-type b of stolbur phytoplasma in all symptomatic kale plants. This is the first report of stolbur phytoplasma infecting kale crops in Serbia
Isolation and characterization of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria bacteriophages
No full textHost range, plaque morphology, thermal inactivation point, genome size and restriction fragment patterns of ten bacteriophage isolates originating from soil, pepper seed and irrigation water collected from five localities in Serbia were studied. The bacteriophage isolates were selected based on their specificity to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, causal agent of bacterial spot of pepper. The phages had similar plaque morphology, except for two isolates producing a plaque-surrounding halo in culture of X. euvesicatoria strain KFB 189. Four phage isolates were inactivated at 70 degrees C and six at 71 degrees C. All phages had genome size of approximately 22 kb and were differentiated into four types by their EcoRI and BamHI restriction fragment patterns. Examination of two phages by transmission electron microscopy classified them as A1 morphotype members of the Myoviridae family, order Caudovirales. Although specific to X. euvesicatoria, the phages were differentiated into three groups based on their ability to lyse 59 strains of this bacterium. Adsorption rates and one-step growth curves were determined for each group representative phage isolates
Synanthedon rubrocingulata sp. n. - nova vrsta staklokrilca (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) iz severozapadnog Pakistana
No full textA new species, Synanthedon rubrocingulata sp. n., is described. It is similar to the West Palerctic species Synanthedon stomoxyformis (Hübner, 1790). The new species is collected in north-western Pakistan, Chitral province using pheromone trap. Bionomics and host plant are unknown.U ovom radu prikazan je opis vrste Synanthedon rubrocingulata sp. n. Novoopisana vrsta je slična vrsti S. stomoxyformis (Hübner, 1790) iz zapadnog Palearktika. Nova vrsta je ulovljena na feromonske klopke u Čitral provinciji (severno-zapadni Pakistan). Biologija i biljka domaćin novoopisane vrste je nepoznata
Multigene sequence data and genetic diversity among 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' strains infecting Ulmus spp. in Serbia
No full textElm yellows phytoplasmas (EY) belonging to the 16SrV-A subgroup were recently proposed as a new candidate species 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi'. These pathogens infect elm trees, causing leaf yellowing and premature drying. In this study, 25 isolates originating from localities in northeast, east and southwest Serbia were characterized by means of RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing of four genomic loci: 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein rpl22-rps3, secY and map. In total, five different genotypes were identified based on collective sequencing of all four genes. Four of these genotypes showed significant nucleotide changes compared with the EY1T reference strain. Phylogeny based on parsimony analyses of ribosomal protein, secY and map genetic loci indicated a single monophyletic origin of EY1T and the new 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' strains. Unlike phylogenetic clustering, DNA sequence comparison of EY1T and the novel strains revealed mutations in oligonucleotide signature sequences for all three genes (16S, rpl22-rps3 and secY) used for the characterization and assignment of 16SrV-A phytoplasmas to the 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' species in the original description. Based on their high degree of genetic variability, the Serbian strains were assigned to four different subtypes of 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' (EY-S1, EY-S2, EY-S3 and EY-S4). New diagnostic enzymes for practical use in 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' identification are proposed for the 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein and secY genes. The implications of genetic variability within signature sequences for taxonomy and identification of 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, as well as the importance of geographic variability and number of strains characterized for species description, are discussed
