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A strain of phytoplasma related to 16SrII group in Picris hieracioides L. in Serbia
No full textDuring epidemiological survey for phytoplasmas in association with agricultural crops in Serbia, a new species of common weed has been detected to harbor phytoplasmas in Serbia. In 2010, a total of 38 samples of Picris hieracioides (Asteraceae), commonly known as hawkweed oxtongue, were sampled from vineyards in Jasenovik (near Nis, South Serbia) and analyzed for phytoplasma presence. Nested polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers specific to the phytoplasma 16SrDNA gene showed six samples of Picris hieracioides to be positive. Digestion of amplified 16SrDNA fragments with endonuclease MseI identified the same pattern as the one of a reference strain of tomato big bud belonging to the 16Srll ribosomal group. Sequence obtained from the PCR product associated with infected P. hieracioides was submitted to BLAST analysis which showed a 99% similarity with reference strain of Picris echioides phyllody from Italy, belonging to 16SrII-E subgroup. This is the first report of phytoplasma related to 16SrII group infecting Picris hieracioides, as well as, the first record on the presence of this group of phytoplasmas in Serbia and South East Europe
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) - nova štetočina paradajza u Srbiji
No full textTomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a devastating pest of tomato originating from South America has been recorded in Serbia on three localities: in tomato main greenhouse and open field production area located in the vicinity of town Leskovac (South Serbia), in surroundings of the village Donji Vrtogoš (near town Vranje, South Serbia) and in a greenhouses complex in Kraljevci (60 km west of Belgrade). The presence of T. absoluta was confirmed by morphological and molecular study of the collected specimens.Prisustvo lisnog minera paradajza Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), opasne štetočine poreklom iz Južne Amerike, utvrđeno je na tri lokaliteta u Srbiji: u plastenicima i poljima u okolini Leskovca (južna Srbija), u okolini sela Donji Vrtogoš (u blizini Vranja) i u kompleksu plastenika u selu Kraljevci (60 km zapadno od Beograda). Identifikacija T. absoluta je izvršena morfološkim i molekularnim analizama sakupljenih uzoraka
Učestalost rezistentnosti Cercospora beticola (Sacc.) prema benzimidazolima i DMI fungicidima
No full textCercospora leaf spot is the most important disease that occurs on sugar beet in the world. Damages caused by this disease can reduce yields up to 50 %. Resistance to the group of benzimidazole fungicide was determined in 1976. Last twenty years their use has been reduced but they're still used, mainly formulated in mixture with fungicides - sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI). Sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI) have been used extensively in the last two decades to control C. beticola in the world, and resistance to them was observed in 2000. The results showed that populations of C. beticola resistant to benzimidazole are present in sugar beet fields and are the dominant population, with the prevalence of resistance 83.87 - 94.28 %. The frequency of resistance to DMI fungicides is smaller, but highly significant and amounts to 12.90 - 14.29 %.Pegavost lišća šećerne repe je najznačajnija bolest koja se javlja na šećernoj repi u svetu. Štete koje nastaju usled pojave bolesti mogu smanjiti prinos i do 50%. Prema fungicidima iz grupe benzimidazola rezistentnost je utvrđena 1976. godine. Poslednjih dvadeset godina njihova upotreba je redukovana, ali se i dalje koriste uglavnom formulisani u mešavini sa fungicidima inhibitorima sinteze sterola (DMI). Fungicidi inhibitori demetilacije sterola (DMI), se zadnje dve decenije intenzivno koriste za suzbijanje C. beticola u svetu, a pojava rezistentnosti prema njima konstatovana je 2000. godine. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su populacije C. beticola rezistentne prema benzimidazolima prisutne na poljima šećerne repe i čine dominantnu populaciju uz učestalost rezistentnosti 83.87 - 94.28 %. Učestalost rezistentnosti prema DMI fungicidima je manja, ali veoma značajna i iznosi 12.90 - 14.29 %
Selection of indigenous fluorescent pseudomonad isolates from maize rhizospheric soil in Vojvodina as possible PGPR
No full textAmong 268 bacterial isolates obtained from maize rhizospheric soil from Novi Sad, Vojvodina. Serbia. 59 were fluorescent pseudomonads. According to intrinsic antibiotic resistance (JAR) and heavy metal tolerance (HMT) patterns, the six representative isolates were selected and their diversity was assessed. Lytic enzyme activity (protease, chitinase, lipase, phospolipase, cellulase, gellatinase, pectinase, urease), plant-growth promoting treats (P-solubilization, siderophores, HCN and IAA production) and plant pathogenicity estimation (on lilac leaf apple and bean pods) resulted in selection of three isolates (PS2, P54, PS6) with the outlook for agriculture application. Antifungal activity was estimated on dual culture with eight phytopathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti from Salvia officinalis L., F.equiseti from Matricaria chamomilla L.. Myrothecium verrucaria, Verticillium sp., Diaporte eres complex and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) isolated from medicinal plants in Serbia. Isolate PS2 showed hyphal deformation of all investigated fungi and effective inhibition of mycelial growth of 7 out of 8 phytopatogenic fungi, partly due to production of chitinases, siderpohores and lytic enzymes. Abundant production of IAA (14 to 37 mM) and siderophores, phosphate solubilization and especially fungal growth inhibition make it suitable for further investigation, field trials and possible application in maize cultivation as biocontrol agent
Ocena kvaliteta semena paradajza (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
No full textThe aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of seeds of seven varieties of tomatoes. Average germination energy was 76%, while the average total germ inability was 85%. The lowest germination energy is achieved variety Merkati 65%, while the largest 85% reached variety Heinz 1370. Variety Heinz 1370 has achieved the highest total germinability of 93%. Health status of all investigated cultivars was correct and all values observed parameters the quality seeds are within the legally prescribed limits.Cilj ispitivanja bio je ocena kvaliteta semena sedam sorti paradajza. Prosečna energija klijanja bila je 76%, dok je prosečna ukupna klijavost bila 85%. Najmanju energiju klijanja postigla je sorta Merkati 65%, dok je najveću postigla sorta Heinz 1370 85%. Sorta Heinz 1370 postigla je i najveću ukupnu klijavost od 93%. Zdravstveno stanje svih ispitivanih sorti bilo je ispravno, što zadovoljava zakonom propisane vrednosti
Etiološka proučavanja bakteriozne pegavosti plodova višnje na području južnog Banata
No full textCharacteristics of pathogenic Pseudomonas bacterial strains isolated from necrotic sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) in region of south Banat. First symptoms of disease appeared as dark green wet spot. Later on it turns to brown or black sunken necrosis. During rainy spring percent of affected fruits reached up 60-80. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from the margin of necrotic tissue. All investigated strains are levan and HR positive, while negative results are recorded in oxidase, pectinase and arginin dihydrolase tests (LOPAT+- - - +). Investigated strains cause severe necrosis of artificially sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) as well as necroses on artificially inoculated cherry, pear and lemon fruits, lilac leaves and bean pods. Positive results were recorded in gelatin and aesculin hydrolysis tests while, tyrosinase and tartrate tests were negative (typical characteristics of P.s. pv.syringae). According the obtained results it was concluded that severe necrosis of sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) in South Banat is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae.U radu su saopštene karakteristike izolata bakterije Pseudomonas syringae izolovane iz nekrozom zahvaćenih plodova višnje (Kelleris 14) na području Južnog Banata. Simptomi sa karakterističnim crnomrkim ulegnutim nekrozama prikupljani su u periodu 2008-2010 godine. Iz obolelog tkiva izolavani su gramnegativni, fluorescentni sojevi bakterija, koji glukozu metabolišu isključivo u aerobnim uslovima (oksidativno); prouzrokuju HR duvana i stvaraju levan, ali ne proizvode oksidazu, pektinazu i arginindehidrolazu (LOPAT I). Proučeni izolati prouzrokuju nekrozu plodova višnje, trešnje, kruške i limuna, listova jorgovana i mahuna boranije. U pogledu diferencijalnih testova za patogene varijetete P. syringae, rezultati ukazuju da dobijeni sojevi hidrolizuju želatin i eskulin, ali ne stvaraju tirozinazu i ne metabolišu tartarate. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata i odlika izolovanih sojeva zaključeno je, da nekrozu plodova višnje veoma visokog intenziteta, zapaženu poslednjih godina u Južnom Banatu, prouzrokuje bakterija Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Bibliografija časopisa Zaštita bilja 2001-2010
No full textThe journal 'Plant Protection', established in 1950, is owned and founded by the Institute of Plant Protection and Environment. So far, number 274 has been printed. It discusses the publication of scientific papers on the diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry, the results of pesticides testing and their modes of action. Papers are published in Serbian or English. The magazine is distributed by subscription or exchange in 43 countries. The journal 'Plant Protection' has been published for more than 60 years, with 2394 bibliographic units being published during this period. Given the large number of these units there was a need to unite together with one author registers and keywords to help users search. The units are arranged in chronological order. Stacking units is done in accordance to bibliographic rules, meaning that the works of three authors are linked to the first author, and where there are more than three authors, the unit takes on the title. On this occasion, given the bibliography of papers published in the period 2001-2010. year, the number of 235-274, with 112 bibliographical.Časopis 'Zaštita bilja', čiji je vlasnik i osnivač Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, osnovan je 1950. godine. Do sada su odštampana 274 broja. Časopis se bavi objavljivanjem naučnih radova o bolestima i štetočinama u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu, rezultatima ispitivanja pesticida i njihovim načinima delovanja. Radovi se štampaju na srpskom ili engleskom jeziku. Časopis se distribuira pretplatom ili razmenom u 43 zemlje sveta. Časopis 'Zaštita bilja' izlazi preko 60 godina tokom kojih je objavljeno 2394 bibliografske jedinice. S obzirom na veliki broj tih jedinica nastala je potreba da se one objedine zajedno sa registrima autora i ključnim rečima, kako bi se korisnicima olakšala pretraga. Jedinice su poređane po hronološkom redu. Slaganje jedinica je po bibliografskim pravilima, što znači da se radovi sa do tri autora vode na prvog autora, a tamo gde ima više od tri autora, jedinica se vodi na naslov. Ovom prilikom data je bibliografija radova objavljenih u periodu 2001-2010. godine, od broja 235 - 274, sa 112 bibliografskih jedinica
Identification and Differentiation of Erwinia amylovora Using Fatty Acid Analysis and BIOLOG
No full textA collection of 41 Erwinia amylovora strains isolated from 8 plant species at 13 locations in Serbia and one location in Montenegro was tested and their relationship was determined based on carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid composition. Metabolism of carbon compounds was tested using the Biolog GN MicroPlate system. After 24 h of incubation, the resulting metabolic fingerprints were recorded and compared with the Biolog GN database. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by Microbial Identification System and compared with the data from the MIDI database. Our results showed that all strains tested were identified as E. amylovora, with similarity index (SI) between 0.62 and 0.99, using BIOLOG. Based on fatty acid composition, 39 strains were identified as E. amylovora, with SI between 0.61 and 0.92. More than 14 fatty acids were detected, eight of which were present in all strains with more than 1% of the total named peak area. Based on quantitative and qualitative content of fatty acid composition, the isolates were clustered into three groups: alpha, beta and gamma (Euclidian distance lt = 6). Cluster analysis revealed that groups beta and gamma consists of only strains isolated from north Serbia, whereas all strains isolated from central or south Serbia belong to group alpha
Biodegradation of MTBE by bacteria isolated from oil hydrocarbons-contaminated environments
No full textMethyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) belongs to the group of gasoline oxygenates and persistent environment contaminants, and shows potential for biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, through application of pure microbial cultures. Presented research shows that indigenous bacterial isolates 6sy and 24p, selected from oil hydrocarbons-contaminated environments, were capable of utilizing MTBE as sole carbon and energy source. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, bacterial isolates 6sy and 24p were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. The MTBE biodegradation rate was affected by longevity of incubation period and initial MTBE concentration. After 3 weeks of incubation at 25°C in a dark, the removal rates of initial 25 and 125 ppm MTBE concentrations by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 6sy were found to be 97, and 63%, respectively, while efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. in degradation of indicated concentrations was 96, and 40%, respectively. Both bacterial isolates were able to grow in MTBE-containing growth medium. Highest growth rate of bacterial isolates was observed at the end of incubation period. The presented results indicated the potential of these bacterial isolates in bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated environments