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Epicoccum nigrum novi patogen semena sirka u Srbiji
No full textSixteen samples of sorghum seed (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) 'Alba', 'Gold', 'Prima' and 'Reform' were analyzed in the localities of Bački Petrovac and Čantavir in the period 2009-2011. Tipresence of species belonging to the genera Epicoccum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium was established in single and mixed infections. From the infected sorghum seed, monosporial cultures identified as Epicoccum nigrum based on morphology, proved their pathogenicity on artificially inoculated sorghum seedlings. Molecular identification was performed by PCR and amplification of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Gene sequences of selected isolates 291-09 (JQ619838) and 315-09 (JQ619839) exhibited 99-100% nucleotide identity with the sequences of 31 isolates of E. nigrum deposited in the GenBank. It obtained results represent the first detailed characterization of E. nigrum in Serbia. The presence of a large number of phytopathogenic fungi on sorghum seed should be further investigated in order to clarify their relationships and relative significance.U periodu 2009-2011. godine na lokalitetima Bački Petrovac i Čantavir prikupljeno je i analizirano 16 uzoraka zaraženog semena gajenog sirka (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) sorti Alba, Gold, Prima i Reform na prisustvo fitopatogenih gljiva. U pojedinačnim i mešanim zarazama ustanovljeno je prisustvo vrsta iz rodova Epicoccum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus i Penicillium. Iz zaraženog semena izolovane su monosporne kulture i na osnovu morfoloških osobina identifikovane su kao Epicoccum nigrum. Patogenost izolata ove gljive potvrđena je pojavom simptoma na veštački inokulisanim sejancima sirka. Molekularna identifikacija obavljena je primenom PCR i amplifikacije ITS regiona ribozomalne DNK. Sekvence gena odabranih izolata 291-09 (JQ619838) i 315-09 (JQ619839) pokazale su 99-100% nukleotidne identičnosti sa sekvencama 31 izolata E. nigrum deponovanihu GenBank bazi podataka. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju prvu detaljnu karakterizaciju E. nigrum u Srbiji. Prisustvo većeg broja vrsta gljiva na semenu sirka zahteva dalja ispitivanja njihovih međusobnih odnosa i značaja
Weed Control in Raspberry and Blackberry Plantings by Herbicides
No full textWeed control in rapsberry and blackberry plantings during the 2007 vegetation season was evaluated using three herbicides: Casoron G (a.i. dichlobenil 67.5 g/kg) with application rates of 60 and 80 kg/ha, foliar treatments of Galop (a.i. paraquat 200 g/L) at 4.0 L/ha and Bonaca EC (a/o/fluroxypyr-meptyl 360 g/L) at 0.8 and 1.0 L/ha. Bonaca (1 L/ha) showed the best efficacy against all broad leaf weed species and Casoron G (80 kg/ha) against all grass weed species. None of the combinations showed sufficient efficacy ( gt 95%) against Cynodon dactylon or Sorghum halepense
Erratum to: Exploring diversity of Erwinia amylovora population in Serbia by conventional and automated techniques and detection of new PFGE patterns (vol 133, pg 545, 2012)
No full textPhenazines producing pseudomonas isolates decrease Alternaria tenuissima growth, pathogenicity and disease incidence on cardoon
No full textPhenazines, secondary metabolites of fluorescent Pseudomonas, represent a group of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic properties. Phenazines producing fluorescent Pseudomonas species are studied extensively for their application in plant disease management. In this study, we examined the antifungal activity of different indigenous Pseudomonas isolates (Q16, B25 and PS2) against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria tenuissima, which had infected cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L., Asteraceae). An in vitro experiment demonstrated the antifungal activity of selected indigenous isolates. In addition, an in vivo experiment under gnotobiotic conditions showed suppression of C. cardunculus disease caused by A. tenuissima. The quantification of phenazines revealed significant amounts of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2-OH-PCA). PCR analysis confirmed the presence of PCA genes in all examined indigenous Pseudomonas isolates. Based on our results, we assume that these Pseudomonas isolates have potential in controlling plant diseases caused by A. tenuissima
Detection and Identification of Two Phytoplasmas (16SrIII-B and 16SrXII-A) From Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Serbia
No full textPlants of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) exhibiting general stunting, proliferation and phyllody associated with leaf yellowing and reddening were observed in three localities of Central Serbia. Phytoplasma strains belonging to 16SrIII-B and 16SrXII-A groups were detected and identified by RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Stolbur phytoplasma tuf gene RFLP analysis showed the presence of the TufAY-b-type phytoplasma subgroup in 80% of symptomatic samples. This is the first report of 16SrIII-B and 16SrXII-A phytoplasma groups affecting alfalfa in Serbia
Biodegradation of MTBE by Bacteria Isolated from oil Hydrocarbons-Contaminated Environments
No full textMethyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) belongs to the group of gasoline oxygenates and persistent environment contaminants, and shows potential for biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, through application of pure microbial cultures. Presented research shows that indigenous bacterial isolates 6sy and 24p, selected from oil hydrocarbons-contaminated environments, were capable of utilizing MTBE as sole carbon and energy source. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, bacterial isolates 6sy and 24p were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. The MTBE biodegradation rate was affected by longevity of incubation period and initial MTBE concentration. After 3 weeks of incubation at 25 degrees C in a dark, the removal rates of initial 25 and 125 ppm MTBE concentrations by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 6sy were found to be 97, and 63%, respectively, while efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. in degradation of indicated concentrations was 96, and 40%, respectively. Both bacterial isolates were able to grow in MTBE-containing growth medium. Highest growth rate of bacterial isolates was observed at the end of incubation period. The presented results indicated the potential of these bacterial isolates in bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated environments
Izolacija bakteriofaga i njihova primena u diferencijaciji sojeva Xanthomonas spp.
No full textBacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Due to poor efficacy of copper compounds and occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, interest in phage therapy has increased in the recent years. In addition to being used for disease control, the high specificity of bacteriophages makes them useful in differentiation of closely related species of plant pathogenic bacteria. In this research, twenty five phages, specific to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, causal agent of pepper bacterial spot, were isolated. Host specificity determination performed with 53 phages from University of Florida collection resulted in set of phages which could be used for differentiation of X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans, X. vesicatoria and X. gardneri.Bakteriofagi predstavljaju posebnu grupu virusa čiji su domaćini bakterije. Usled nedostatka efikasnih baktericida i pojave rezistentnih sojeva bakterija prema većini do sada korišćenih antibiotika, primena faga kao bioloških agenasa u kontroli bolesti prouzrokovanih fitopatogenim bakterijama, dobija sve veći značaj. Zahvaljujući izraženoj specifičnosti, fagi se osim za suzbijanje koriste i za diferencijaciju srodnih vrsta fitopatogenih bakterija. U ovom radu izolovano je 25 faga specifičnih prema vrsti Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, prouzrokovaču bakteriozne pegavosti paprike. Fagi su izolovani iz uzoraka zemljišta, vode i semena paprike poreklom iz različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji. Pored faga izolovanih u Srbiji, proverena je specifičnost 53 soja dobijenih iz kolekcije Univerziteta u Floridi i izdvojen set faga koji se mogu koristiti u diferencijaciji vrsta X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans, X. vesicatoria i X. gardneri
Identifikacija i karakterizacija bakterije Pseudomonas syringae patogena breskve
No full textPseudomonas syringae is economically important plant pathogen, found on a number of hosts including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables and decorative plants. This phytopathogenic bacteria is becoming a quite widespread pathogen on the fruit trees in Serbia, causing significant economic loses. Up to now it was experimentally confirmed as a pathogen on the pear, apple, apricot, cherry, sour cherry, plum trees as well as raspberries. In this study Pseudomonas syringae was identificated as pathogen on peach tree in Serbia. Detection of syrB gene was used for identification phytotoxins tipical for P. syringae pv. syringae. Our experiment showed that detection of syrB genes can be used as a diagnostic tool in determining pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae parasites on peach trees.Pseudomonas syringae ekonomski značajan biljni patogen širokog kruga domaćina koji uključuje voćke, ratarske, povrtarske i ukrasne biljke. Ova fitopatogena bakterija naročitu pažnju privlači kao patogen voćaka prouzrokujući sve veće štete. Do sada je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, kajsije, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Pseudomonas syringae je identifikovan kao patogen breskve u Srbiji. Detekcija syrB gen je korišćena za identifikaciju fitotoksina karakterističnog za P. syringae pv. syringae. Naš je eksperiment pokazao da se detekcijom SyrB gena kao dijagnostičkog alata može identifikovati patogeni varijetet patogen breskve
Rasprostranjenje alder yellows fitoplazme na crnoj i beloj jovi (Alnus glutinosa i Alnus incana) u Srbiji
No full textAlder yellows (AldY) phytoplasma associated with common alder (Alnus glutinosa) and grey alder (A. incana) belongs to the ribosomal RNA group16SrV. This phytoplasma is closely related to the Flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma, a quarantine pathogen of economic importance that affects vineyards of southern Europe including Serbia. To date, alder yellows phytoplasma has been reported in many European countries including France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and the Baltic region. Infected alders are exhibiting symptoms such as leaf yellowing, small leaves, reduced foliage, or sometimes they remain symptomless. To investigate occurrence and distribution of this phytoplasma, a survey was conducted on a wide territory of Serbia. Results confirmed wide distribution of alder yellows phytoplasma in Serbia in both symptomatic and asymptomatic trees. From the 72 plants sampled, 54 were positive for the presence of phytoplasmas. RFLP profiles of the 16S rRNA gene indicated presence of 16SrV-C phytoplasma subgroup. Further characterization by PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal protein gene operon of all phytoplasma positive isolates tested confirmed presence of the 16SrV-C phytoplasma subgroup. Implication of the wide distribution of AldY phytoplasma to the epidemiology of FD phytoplasma as well as disease management are discussed.Alder yellows (AldY) fitoplazma koja je u asocijaciji sa crnom jovom (Alnus glutinosa) i belom jovom (A. incana) pripada 16SrV ribozomalnoj grupi fitoplazmi. Ova fitoplazma je srodna fitoplazmi zlatastog žutila vinove loze Flavescence dorée (FD), koja je karantinski patogen od ekonomskog značaja u vinogradima južne Evrope uključujući i Srbiju. Do sada je prisustvo alder yellows fitoplazme utvrđeno u mnogim evropskim zemljama uključujući Francusku, Nemačku, Švajcarsku, Austriju, Italiju i Baltički region. Inficirane jove ispoljavaju simptome žutila listova, malih listova, redukcije lisne mase, ili ponekad ne ispoljavaju simptome inficiranosti. U cilju utvrđivanja prisustva i rasprostranjenja ove fitoplazme na široj teritoriji Srbije, sprovedeno je uzorkovanje simptomatskih i asimptomatskih jova. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili široku distribuciju alder yellows fitoplazme u Srbiji i prisustvo fitoplazme kako u simptomatskim tako i u asimptomatskim stablima. Od ukupno 72 uzorkovane biljke, 54 su bile inficirane fitoplazmom. Analizom RFLP profila 16S rRNK gena utvrđeno je prisustvo 16SrV-C podgrupe fitoplazmi. Dalja karakterizacija PCR-RFLP analizom operona ribozomalnih proteina svih pozitivnih izolata potvrdila je prisustvo 16SrV-C podgrupe fitoplazmi. U diskusiji je istaknut značaj širokog rasprostranjenja AldY fitoplazme i uticaja na epidemiologiju FD fitoplazme kao i na kontrolu bolesti