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Uticaj porekla sadnog materijala i mase matične krtole na prinos krompira sorte Desiree
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of the size and weight of tubers originating from different altitudes on the yield of most commonly grown potato cultivar Desiree in western Serbia (Macva). Potato seed producing crop, from which the planting material came from, was grown during 2006 and 2007 at two sites with different altitudes: a plain region at 72 m a.s.l. and a mountainous region at 1100 m a.s.l. The investigation was carried out by planting the following mass of planted material: 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g and 110 ± 5g in 2007 and 2008 year to produce planting material. Planted tubers originating from 72 m a.s.l. produced a total yield (a two year average) of 26.25 t ha-1. The difference was significantly higher than the variant with planted tubers originating from 1100 m a.s.l. by 2.02 t ha-1 (7.7%). The two year mean highest total yield of 27.87 t ha-1 was achieved by planting the largest mass (110 g) and the lowest 21.07 t ha-1 by planting the smallest mass (50 g) of the tuber. Higher yields of potato tubers in moist conditions in western Serbia (Macva) were achieved by planting larger mass of tubers originating from lower altitude.Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj porekla sadnog materijala i mase semenske krtole na ukupan prinos najčešće gajene sorte krompira Desiree u uslovima zapadne Srbije (Mačve). Proizvodnja sadnog materijala krompira izvedena je 2006. i 2007. godine u dva lokaliteta različite nadmorske visine (nv): ravničarskom 72 m i planinskom regionu 1100 m nadmorske visine. Istraživanja su izvedena sadnjom semenskih krtola mase 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g i 110 ± 5g tokom 2007. i 2008. godine. Sađenjem krtola poreklom sa 72 m nv. u dvogodišnjem proseku ostvaren je ukupan prinos od 26,25 t ha-1. Razlika je značajno veća od varijanti gde su sađene krtole poreklom sa 1100m nv. za 2,02 t ha-1 ili za 7,7%. U dvogodišnjem proseku najveći ukupan prinos krtola od 27,87 t ha-1 dobijen je sadnjom najkrupnije frakcije (110 g), a najmanji 21,07 t ha-1 sadnjom najsitnije (50 g). Veći prinosi krtola krompira u uslovima prirodnog vodnog režima zapadne Srbije (Mačve) postižu se sadnjom semenskih krtola veće mase poreklom sa manje nadmorske visine
Morfologija dve nove populacije Globodera rostochiensis iz Srbije
No full textIn concordance with phytosanitary regulations and the Program of continuous monitoring of quarantine and economically harmful nematodes that are intensively conducted every year, the presence of these organisms is determined in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and in the samples of plant material. Globodera pallida and G.rostochiensis are the most important parasites of potato in our country and their presence is monitored since 2005 and 2000 respectively. Morphology, i.e. examination of morphological characters of different populations of potato cyst nematodes determines their mutual similarities (differences) within species, between species and the similarity with the type populations. This paper presents the morphological descriptions of cysts and second stage larvae of two populations of G.rostochiensis found in localities Rujevac and Tabanovici in 2012.U skladu sa Programom stalnog praćenja karantinskih i ekonomski štetnih nematoda koji se intenzivno sprovodi svake godine kao i fitosanitarnom regulativom, utvrđuje se prisustvo ovih organizama na teritoriji Republike Srbije i u uzorcima biljnog materijala. Globodera pallida i G. rostochiensis su najznačajniji paraziti krompira kod nas a njihovo prisustvo se prati od 2005. odnosno 2000. god. Morfologija odnosno ispitivanje morfoloških karakteristika različitih populacija cistolikih nematoda krompira daje podatke o njihovoj međusobnoj sličnosti (razlikama) unutar vrsta, između vrsta i sličnost sa tipskim populacijama. U radu su dati morfološki opisi cisti i larvi drugog stepena dve populacije G. rostochiensis pronadjene na lokalitetima Rujevac i Tabanovići u 2012. godini
Oziella sibirica (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), a new eriophyoid mite species described using confocal microscopy, COI barcoding and 3D surface reconstruction
No full textOziella sibirica sp. nov., collected from sedges (Cyperaceae: Carex macroura) in Siberia, Russia, is herein described based on the external morphology of all active instars using primarily conventional phase contrast microscopy, and on the female internal genitalia and prodorsal shield design using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging and a 3D modelling technique. A partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence of O. sibirica sp. nov. is also provided, through GenBank, and this represents the first published record of any gene sequence data for the family Phytoptidae. We present remarks on the phylogenetic significance of the position of setae 3a in immature instars of eriophyoids and on the ontogenic variability of the empodium morphology of O. sibirica sp. nov. Using this species as a model, we propose a method for describing the internal genitalia of eriophyoids based on CLSM. We advocate the use of CLSM imaging as a new, relatively simple technique for observing and describing the internal genitalia of eriophyoids, as these largely unexplored genitalic structures may provide phylogenetically meaningful information for improving the classification of this poorly understood group of mites. In addition, CLSM may complement conventional light microscopy techniques in facilitating the interpretation of external structures such as body ornamentation or chaetotaxy
Morfološke i odgajivačke karakteristike izolata Monilinia laxa sa koštičavih voćaka
No full textMorphological and cultural characteristics of Monilinia laxa isolates were studied on PDA and MEA media. The appearance of colonies (color, texture, rosettes, rosettes with black arcs), as well as conidial sze were identified. Growth of mycelium was monitored on both media, while sporulation was followed on PDA medium. Isolates formed aeriform (puffy) mycelium, with significant variations in color on different mediums, but variations in color are present within isolates grown on same medium. On MEA medium isolates are somewhat brighter then isolates grown on PDA medium. All isolates are more or less rosette, but not all of them form black arcs. Conidial size is also characteristic that is variable compared to isolates and medium. Mycelial growth is slightly lower on MEA medium.Morfološke i odgajivačke karakteristike izolata Monilia laxa proučene su na KDA i MEA hranljivoj podlozi. Determinisani su izgled kolonija (boja, tekstura, rozetavost, formiranje koncentričnih prstenova), kao i dimenzije konidija. Od odgajivačkih karakteristika proučen je porast micelije i sporulacija. Porast micelije je praćen na obe hranljive podloge, a sporulacija samo na podlozi KDA. Svi izolati formiraju vazdušastu miceliju, sa značajnim variranjem u boji na različitim podlogama, ali je variranje u boji prisutno i između izolata gajenih na istoj podlozi. Na MEA podlozi izolati su nešto svetliji u odnosu na izolate sa KDA podloge. Svi izolati su više ili manje intenzivno rozetavi, ali ne formiraju svi prstenove. Veličina konidija je takođe karakteristika koja varira u odnosu na izolat i podlogu. Porast micelije je nešto manji na MEA podlozi
Fiziološka ispitivanja izolata Colletotrichum spp.
No full textIn the physiological studies were included 20 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. originating from pear, apple, sour cherry and tomato fruits, as well as reference strains of C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) and C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97). The results indicated that five different culture media (PDA, CA, OA, MEA, CDA), seven different pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), and temperatures (5º, 10º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 35ºC) have significant influence on growth and sporulation of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. All tested media, except CDA, were suitable for pathogens development. Five morphological groups of colonies on PDA were observed, confirming the great phenotypic variability of isolates. The best media pH for pathogens growth and sporulation were pH 6 and 7. The optimum temperature for colonies development was 25˚C, and temperatures of 20° and 25ºC were the most favorable for sporulation of isolates of Colletotrichum spp.U fiziološka ispitivanja su uključena 20 izolata Colletotrichum spp. poreklom sa plodova kruške, jabuke, višnje i paradajza, kao i referentni sojevi C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) i C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97). Rezultati ukazuju da pet različitih hranljivih podloga (PDA, CA, OA, MEA, CDA) sedam različitih pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) i temperatura (5º, 10º, 15º, 20º, 25º, 30º, 35ºC) imaju značajan uticaj na razvoj i sporulaciju izolata Colletotrichum spp. Sve testirane podloge, izuzev CDA su pogodne za razvoj patogena. Na podlozi PDA moguće je razlikovati pet morfoloških grupa kolonija, što potvrđuje fenotipsku varijabilnost proučavanih kultura. Podloge pH 6 i 7 su najbolje za porast i sporulaciju patogena. Optimalna temperatura za razvoj ispitivanih kolonija je 25°C, a temperature od 20° i 25°C su najpovoljnije za sporulaciju izolata Colletotrichum spp
Prinos krompira (Solanum tuberosum L.) u zavisnosti od uslova proizvodnje i mase matične krtole
No full textStudy the influence the conditions of production and the mass of mother tubers on yield of potato variety Desiree were carried out in the condition of western Serbia (Mačva). The investigation were conducted by planting tuber weight: 50 ± 5 g, 70 ± 5 g, 90 ± 5 g and 110 ± 5 g in 2007. and 2008. year. The results show that the conditions of production had very significant impact on total yield and yield of potato marketable tubers. The mass of mother tuber significantly affected on total yield, while affect on yield of marketable tubers was not established. In both years of investigation the largest tuber yield was obtained by planting the biggest tuber weight (110 g). Higher total yield tubers in the conditions of semiarid climate in western Serbia (Mačva) are achieved by planting larger mass of mother tubers.Istraživanje uticaja uslova proizvodnje i mase matične krtole na prinos krompira sorte Desiree obavljena su na području zapadne Srbije (Mačve) tokom 2007. i 2008. godine. Ispitivanja su izvedena sadnjom krtola mase 50 ± 5 g, 70 ± 5 g, 90 ± 5 g i 110 ± 5 g. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su uslovi proizvodnje vrlo značajno uticali na ukupan prinos i prinos tržišnih krtola krompira. Masa matične krtole je značajno uticala na ukupan prinos krtola, dok je izostao uticaj na prinos tržišnih krtola. U obe godine istraživanja najveći prinos krtola dobijen je sadnjom najkrupnije frakcije mase (110 g). Veći prinosi krompira u uslovima semiaridne klime zapadne Srbije (Mačve) postižu se sadnjom matičnih krtola veće krupnoće
Crvenilo kukuruza - epidemiologija, detekcija i kontrola
No full textMaize redness is a disease of maize associated with stolbur phytoplasma, transmitted to maize by the planthopper vector Reptalus panzeri. Disease epidemiological cycle is in direct correlation with a life cycle of the insect-vector and its preference to the host plants. A detail review of insect-vector life cycle, disease epidemiological cycle and interaction between host plant and stolbur phytoplasma is presented. Up to date knowledge on disease distribution, methods of maize redness identification and detection of the pathogen, with posibilities of its control is reviewed. Future research recommendation and pest management strategy is provided.Crvenilo kukuruza je bolest kukuruza uzrokovana stolbur fitoplazmom koju na kukuruz prenosi cikada-vektor Reptalus panzeri. Epidemiološki ciklus bolesti je direktno uslovljen životnim ciklusom vektora i odnosom prema biljkama domaćinima. U radu je dat detaljan prikaz životnog ciklusa cikade-vektora, epidemiološkog ciklusa bolesti i interakcija biljke domaćina i stolbur fitoplazme. Predstavljen je pregled dosadašnjih znanja o rasprostranjenju bolesti, metodama identifikacije crvenila kukuruza i detekcije patogena. Razmatrana su dosadašnja znanja o mogućnostima kontrole i dati predlozi za dalja istraživanju u cilju definisanja efikasne strategije
Kratkoročno delovanje nikosulfurona na biohemijsku aktivnost černozema
No full textShort-time effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on the biochemical activity of soil were investigated. Nicosulfuron rates of 0.3, 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 of soil were laboratory-tested on Chernozem soil. The change in the dehydrogenase activity, in microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and the metabolic coefficient (qCO2 ) were examined. Samples were collected for the analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after nicosulfuron application. The obtained results indicated that the effect of nicosulfuron on the soil biochemical activity depended on its application rate and duration of activity, and the effect was either stimulating or inhibiting. However, the changes detected were found to be transient and, therefore, there is no real risk of the compound disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in Chernozem soil.U radu je ispitivano kratkoročno delovanje herbicida nikosulfuron na biohemijsku aktivnost zemljišta. Ogled je postavljen u laboratorijskim uslovima na zemljištu tipa glinovita ilovača. Nikosulfuron je primenjen u količinama od 0,3, 1,5 i 3,0 mg kg-1 zemljišta. Praćeni su sledeći biohemijski parametri: aktivnost enzima dehidrogenaze, promene mikrobiološke biomase ugljenika, respiracija (disanje) zemljišta kao i metabolitički koeficijent (qCO2). Uzorci za analize uzimani su 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 i 60 dana posle primene nikosulfurona. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je uticaj nikosulfurona na biohemijsku aktivnost zemljišta zavisio od primenjene količine i dužine delovanja, te je u zavisnosti od toga, bilo stimulativno ili inhibitorno. Međutim, utvrđene promene su bile prolaznog karaktera, tako da može da se smatra da nema realnog rizika od narušavanja ravnoteže biohemijskih procesa u zemljištu pod uticajem ovog jedinjenja
Exploring diversity of Erwinia amylovora population in Serbia by conventional and automated techniquesand detection of new PFGE patterns
No full textForty Erwinia amylovora strains originating from different host plants and locations in Serbia and one strain from Montenegro were characterized by conventional, automated and molecular techniques. All strains were Gram-negative, nonfluorescent, facultative anaerobes, oxidase negative, levan positive, produced necrotic lesions followed by bacterial exudate on artificially inoculated immature pear fruits and caused HR on tobacco. Based on carbon source utilization, all strains tested with the Biolog system were identified as E. amylovora. Based on fatty acid profiles all tested strains clustered into three groups in which strains from north Serbia differed from strains isolated in central and south parts of the country. Restriction analysis of genomic DNA using XbaI and PFGE resulted in six different patterns differentiating the strains into six groups. Most of the investigated strains clustered in one group having the pattern type similar to Pt2 group described earlier as dominant in East Europe and the Mediterranean region. Two strains showed PFGE pattern similar to the previously described Pt3 pattern and one strain had pattern similar to Pt6. Based on size and number of the bands, new restriction patterns, assigned as Pt7, Pt8 and Pt9 were observed. PFGE results showed that the E. amylovora population in Serbia is not homogenous and was possibly introduced from different directions. This is the first characterization of E. amylovora collection of strains from Serbia using fatty acid analysis and PFGE
Detekcija Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli i Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola sa semena pasulja korišćenjem Milk-tween podloge
No full textBean production is threaten by phytopathogenic bacteria causing agents of blights, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp). Since there is no satisfactory chemical control for the disease, the recommended measures are preventive and include use of healthy seed, crop rotation, deep plowing and use of resistant cultivars. In this work we involved a detection method for isolation of Xap and Psp from bean seed to semi-selective medium Milk Agar Tween (MT). On this medium, Xap formed yellow, mucoid and convex colonies with two hydrolysis zones (less milk and more enlightened), and Psp formed whitish-cream, flat and round colonies. The identification of Xap and Psp was confirmed using the ELISA and PCR. Due to its selectivity, easy preparation and possibility of simultaneous detection of bacteria Xap and Psp, MT medium can be recommended for routine test of seed health for local seed or seed from import.Proizvodnju pasulja ugrožavaju fitopatogene bakterije prouzrokovači plamenjača Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) i Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp). S obzirom da do sada nije postignuta zadovoljavajuća hemijska zaštita za suzbijanje ovih bakterija, mere koje se preporučuju preventivnog su karaktera i uključuju upotrebu zdravog semena za setvu, plodored, duboko zaoravanje ostataka i korišćenje otpornih sorti. U ovom radu je vršena detekcija Xap i Psp na semenu pasulja metodom izolacije na poluselektivnu podlogu Milk Tween Agar (MT). Na ovoj podlozi Xap obrazuje žute, sluzaste i ispupčene kolonije sa dve zone hidrolize (manjim mlečnim i većim prosvetljenim), a Psp obrazuje kolonije beličasto-krem, ravne i okrugle. Identifikacija izolata Xap i Psp je potvrđena primenom ELISA i PCR. Podloga MT se zbog svoje selektivnosti, jednostavne pripreme i mogućnosti istovremene detekcije bakterija Xap i Psp može preporučiti prilikom rutinskog ispitivanja zdravstvenog stanja semena pasulja za setvu proizvedenog kod nas ili prilikom kontrole semena iz uvoza