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Efikasnost na korove i moguća fitotoksičnost na usev ozime uljane repice nakon primene zemljišnih herbicida
No full textThe paper shows the results of the study on effect of herbicides on weed control and occurence of phytotoxicity in winter rapeseed. Experimental plots were set up on two locations, in Belgrade and in Novi Sad. Effects of five active ingredients were investigated: metazachlor, quinmerac, clomazone, acetochlor, and linuron, applied alone or combined - joint application of several products based on the above ingredients, or application of a product based on two active ingredients - 14 variants in total. All of the tested herbicides were found to be effective against the present weeds. But, the results indicated that in years characterised by weather conditions which are unfavourable for sprouting and growth of rapeseed, the occurrence of high-level phytotoxicity that can even lead to plant death, is possible. Phytotoxicity was detected in large number of tested variants. The highest level of phytotoxicity was noticed when clomazone-based product was used together with the product containing acetochor, as well as when clomazone and linuron-based products were applied together; both resulted in the total plant damage. Favourable weather conditions during the seeding period are very important for the growth of rapeseed crops. In their absence - crops suffer, especially if there is an additional adverse effect of herbicide-caused phytotoxicity. Rapeseed crops go through important development and organogenesis stages in autumn, so use of herbicides can result in significant plant damages, which raises doubts whether their application is justified at all.U radu su prikazani rezultati delovanja zemljišnih herbicida na suzbijanje korova i pojavu fitotoksičnosti u ozimom usevu uljane repice. Ogled je postavljen na dva lokaliteta u Beogradu i u Novom Sadu. Ispitivano je delovanje pet aktivnih materija: metazahlor, kvinmerak, klomazon, acetohlor i linuron, primenjivanih samostalno ili u kombinaciji - zajednička primena više preparata ili primena preparata formulisanih na bazi dve aktivne materije u ukupno 14 varijanti primene. Svi ispitivani herbicidi ispoljavaju dobro delovanje na prisutne korove. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da u godinama kada su nepovoljni uslovi za nicanje i razvoj uljane repice može doći do pojave izražene fitotoksičnosti koja može izazvati i potpuno propadanje useva. Pojava fitotoksičnosti se ispoljila u većem broju ispitivanih varijanti. Najizraženiju fitotoksičnost je pokazala zajednička primena preparata na bazi a.m. klomazon i acetohlor i preparata na bazi a.m. klomazon i linuron gde je doslo do potpunog propadanja biljaka. Vremenski uslovi u vreme setve su veoma važni za razvoj useva uljane repice. U suprotnom usev trpi posledice nepovoljnih uslova, posebno ako ima i dodatan negativan - fitotoksičan efekat herbicida. Usev u jesenjem periodu prolazi kroz značajne faze razvoja i organogeneze i primena herbicida može dovesti do pojave izraženih oštećenja što dovodi u pitanje opravdanost primene herbicida
Diverzitet faune Auchenorrhyncha u vinogradima Crne Gore
No full textThe investigation of faunal diversity of Auchenorryncha of Montenegro was conducted in vineyards at six localities. Insects were collected using sweep nets and mouth-aspirators from grapevine at localities Martinići, Beri, Drušići, Šušunja, Godinje and Nudo. A total number of collected specimens was 3579, belonging to 10 families, 32 genera and 39 species. The most numerous was family Cicadellidae with 22 species, followed by Cixidae (4), Issidae (3), Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae and Tettigometridae with two species and Delphacidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae and Membracidae with one species recorded. The most abundant were species belonging to the families Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Dictyopharidae and Cixiidae. Confirmed vector of BN phytoplasma, H. obsoletus was highly abundant, while the presence of potential vector, D. europaea was also recorded.Istraživanje diverziteta faune Auchenorryncha u Crnoj Gori sprovedeno je u vinogradima na 6 lokaliteta. Cikade su sakupljane metodom košenja tokom 2010. i 2011. godine u vinogradima na lokalitetima Martinići, Beri, Drušići, Šušunja, Godinje i Nudo. Ukupno je sakupljeno 3579 primeraka među kojima je identifikovano 39 vrsta iz 32 roda i 10 familja. Familija Cicadellidae je bila zastupljena sa najvećim brojem vrsta (22), fam. Cixiidae sa 4 vrste, a fam. Issidae sa 3 vrste. Sa po 2 vrste bile su zastupljene fam. Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae i Tettigometridae, dok su fam. Delphacidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae i Membracidae bile zastupljene sa po jednom vrstom. U najvećoj brojnosti prisutne su vrste iz familija Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Dictyopharidae i Cixiidae. Od potvrđenih vektora Bois noir fitoplazme u visokoj brojnosti prisutna je vrsta Hyalesthes obsoletus, dok je od potencijalnih vektora utvrđeno prisustvo vrste Dictyophara europaea
Characterisation of a 16SrII phytoplasma strain associated with bushy stunt of hawkweed oxtongue (Picris hieracioides) in south-eastern Serbia and the role of the leafhopper Neoaliturus fenestratus (Deltocephalinae) as a natural vector
No full textA 2-year study of host association, molecular characterisation and vector transmission of a phytoplasma related to the 16SrII group in a vineyard of south-eastern Serbia was conducted. Grapevine, eight common weeds and 31 Auchenorrhyncha species were collected and analysed for phytoplasma presence. PCR-RFLP analyses of the 16S rRNA gene identified the presence of a new strain of phytoplasma related to the 16SrII group in P. hieracioides with symptoms of stunting or bushy stunting. Grapevine samples, all without symptoms, were negative for phytoplasma presence. Plants of Erigeron annuus, Cynodon dactylon, Daucus carota and P. hieracioides, either exhibiting symptoms of yellowing or without symptoms, were positive for the presence of stolbur phytoplasma. Among the tested cicada species, seven were infected with phytoplasmas from the aster yellows group, two with stolbur phytoplasma, two with 16SrII phytoplasma, and one with the 16SrV-C phytoplasma subgroup. The phytoplasma strain of the 16SrII group was recorded in approximately 50 % of the collected leafhopper species Neoaliturus fenestratus and in a few specimens of the planthopper Dictyophara europaea. The vector status of N. fenestratus was tested using the second generation of the planthopper in two separate transmission trials with P. hieracioides and periwinkle seedlings. In both tests, the leafhopper successfully transmitted 16SrII phytoplasma to exposed plants, proving its role as a natural vector of this phytoplasma in Europe. A finer molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relatedness of the 16SrII phytoplasma strain by sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein genes rpl22-rps3 indicated that it was most closely related to the 16SrII-E subgroup
Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas syringae isolates from fruit trees and raspberry in Serbia
No full textInfection of fruit trees by Pseudomonas syringae is a potentially serious problem that may limit the establishment and sustained productivity of pome and stone fruit orchards in Serbia. To estimate possible diversity of Pseudomonas syringae fruit trees strains, we collected a set of strains in several areas of Serbia. The samples were taken from infected orchards with raspberry, plum, cherry, sour cherry, peach, pear and apple trees. Genetic diversity of P. syringae strains isolated from fruit trees was determined by using SpeI macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNAs by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and REP-PCR. Molecular analysis showed that most of isolates had unique profiles, with the exception of isolates from plum and cherry that displayed profiles identical to each other and similar to P. syringae pv. morsprunorum. The study presented here clearly demonstrates the discriminative power of molecular techniques in enabling a detailed analysis of the genetic variations between strains of P. syringae from different pome and stone fruit hosts in Serbia
Uticaj rase 3 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici na pojedine kultivare paradajza
No full textAim of this study is to determine the impact of race 3 of fusarium wilt on some tomato cultivars if it occurs in Serbia. For this purpose eleven tomato cultivars were inoculated with this pathogen: 129 - sprin, Balkan F1, Danubius F1, Jasmin crveni, M - 7, M - 10, Marko F1, Nada F1, Narvik, Šampion F1, Zlatni Jubilej F1 by applying classic method of inoculation by submersing the injured root in fungi suspension. Disease was assessed 30 days after inoculation using an ordinal scale range from 1 - 5. After assessment, Nada F1 and 129-Sprin had lowest average disease rating (2,9), and marked as tolerant. All the other cultivars were consider susceptible with ADR values higher than 3,0 in the following order: Narvik (3,6), Šampion F1 (3,8), M-7 (3,9), Z. Jubilej F1 (4,1), C. Jasmin (4,2), Danubius F1 (4,4), Balkan F1 (4,5), Marko F1 and M-10 (4,6). Based on these results we can conclude that if the race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici occur in Serbia it could seriously jeopardize tomato production.Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi kakav bi bio uticaj rase 3 fuzarioznog uvenuća paradajza na pojedine kultivare ukoliko bi se ova rasa pojavila u Srbiji. U te svrhe inokulisano je jedanaest kultivara ovim patogenom i to: 129 - sprin, Balkan F1, Danubius F1, Jasmin crveni, M - 7, M - 10, Marko F1, Nada F1, Narvik, Šampion F1, Zlatni Jubilej F1, primenom klasične metode inokulacije umakanjem povređenog korena u suspenziju gljiva. Nakon 30 dana rađena je procena pojave oboljenja upotrebom skale od 1 - 5. Nakon evaluacije, Nada F1 i 129-Sprin su imali najnižu vrednost ADR-a (prosečni nivo oboljenja) (2,9), i obeleženi su kao tolerantni. Svi ostali kultivari smatrani su osetljivim sa vrednostima ADR višim od 3,0, po sledećem rasporedu: Narvik (3,6), Šampion F1 (3,8), M-7 (3,9), Z. Jubilej F1 (4,1), C. Jasmin (4,2), Danubius F1 (4,4), Balkan F1 (4,5), Marko F1 and M-10 (4,6). Na osnovu ovih rezultata možemo zaključiti da ako bi se rasa 3 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pojavila u Srbiji mogla bi značajno da ugrozi proizvodnju paradajza
Application of semi-selective mediums in routine diagnostic testing of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola on common bean seeds
No full textHalo blight, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp), is considered to be an important bacterial disease on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Serbia. Use of pathogen-free seeds is one of the most effective control measures against this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate a detection method for Psp on untreated common bean seeds (23 genotypes) from commercial crops grown within Serbia. Detection of this pathogen was made by plating onto the modified sucrose peptone (MSP) and Milk Tween (MT) semi-selective mediums from soaked whole common bean seed. Colonies growing on the MSP medium were light yellow, convex and shiny, whereas on the MT medium, they were creamy white, flat and circular. The pathogenicity of the obtained strains was confirmed by the inoculation of germinated bean seed. The isolates recovered from the seed assay were further confirmed to be Psp by using both Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) detection methodologies. The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) method selected for this work was found to be effective in detecting the presence of Psp in common bean seed. The bacterium Psp was detected in only two of the 23 seed samples analyzed by this method, which shows that the bacterium is not widespread in Serbia
Biological Spectrum of Weed Flora and Vegetation of Raspberry Plantings in Serbia
No full textA timely and proper weed control imposes the need to identify the floristic composition and biology of weed community in raspberry plantings. A survey was conducted in more than 40 raspberry plantings (southwest part of Serbia) and about 85 weed species (68 broadleaf and 17 grass species) were registered. At the study area, the predominant grass weed species according to abundance and cover values were: Panicum crus-galli L., Setaria glauca (L.) P. B., Setaria viridis (L.) P. B. and Digitaria sanguinalis Scop.; and broadleaf species: Amaranthus retroflexus L., Amaranthus hybridus L., Chenopodium polyspermum L., Erigeron canadensis L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Glechoma hederacea L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Calystegia sepium R. Br. and Rubus caesius L. In biological spectra of weed flora and weed vegetation dominate annual (therophytes, 26) and perennial species from hemicriptophytes life form (25)
Fitoplazmoze lucerke (Medicago sativa L.) u centralnoj Srbiji
No full textThe symptoms of stunding, phylody, yellowing and reddening of alfalfa were observed for the first time in the four localities in Central Serbia: Tuleš, Sićevo, Ljubava and Belanovice, during 2008. Annual index of infection increase was between 2-6, while the reduction of the green mass was between 30-50%. Application of RFLP and sequence analysis 16S rDNA identified the presence of the phytoplasm in the samples of alfalfa belonging to 16SrIII-B and 16SrXII-A groups. Solbur type phytoplasm was the dominant type found in the 80% of plants exhibiting the symptoms.Simptomi kržljavosti, proliferacije, filodija, žutila i crvenila lucerke uočeni su prvi put u četiri lokaliteta u Centralnoj Srbiji (Tuleš, Sićevo, Ljubava i Belanovice) tokom 2008 godine. Godišnji indeks porasta zaraze kretao se od 2 do 6, a smanjenje prinosa zelene mase između 30-50%. Primenom RFLP i analize sekvenci 16S rDNK, identifikovano je prisustvo fitoplazmi u uzorcima lucerke koje pripadaju 16SrIII-B i 16SrXII-A grupama. Fitoplazma Stolbur tipa bila je dominantna i dokazana je u 80% uzoraka simptomatičnih biljaka
Unapređenje rasta italijanskog ljulja (Lolium multiflorum lam.) primenom PGP Rizobakterija
No full textThe object of this study was to evaluate the possible PGPR effects of ryegrass inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. strains as well as its coinoculation with Rhizobium trifolii on the yield and quality of Italian ryegrassm, with the aim to select effective strains as biofertilizer. The inoculation effects of PGPR on the yield of Italian Ryegrass cultivar K-29t were examined in pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was designed with 3 inoculated treatments with 3 replications in completely randomised system. Inoculation of ryegrass with two Pseudomonas sp. strains LG and L1K alone as well as strain coinoculation with strains L1K and Rhizobium trfolii 459 represented treatments which were compared with control uninoculated treatment-Ø. The response of plant to the inoculation and coinoculation was positive in comparison to uninoculated plants. Results showed a significant positive influence of coinoculation with strains R. trifilii 459 and Pseudomonas sp. LG as well as Pseudomonas sp. L1K alone on shoot yield, N and P contents of Italian ryegrass. Results indicated that Pseudomonas sp. strains L1K and LG alone and in coinoculation with rhizobial strains can be investigated in further researches as potential agent of biofertilizer for plant growth promotion of Italian ryerass.U eksperimentu u sudovima ispitivan je PGPR efekat sojeva Pseudomonas sp. kao i koinokulacija sa Rhizobium trifolii 459 na prinos i kvalitet italijanskog ljulja, Lolium multiflorum Lam. kroz prvi i drugi otkos a u cilju selekcije efikasnih sojeva kao biofertilizatora. Kao biljka domaćin, korišćena je sorta italijanskog ljulja K-29. Eksperiment se sastojao od tri tretmana sa inokulacijom i jednim kontrolnim neinokulisanim tretmanom u 3 ponavljanja u kompletno randomiziranom sistemu. Uticaj inokulacije italijanskog ljulja sa pojedinačnim sojevima LG i L1K kao i koinokulacije sa L1K i Rhizobium trfolii 459 ocenjen je kroz analizu određenih parametara (suva nadzemna masa, ukupan sadržaj N i P u suvoj nadzemnoj masi) koji su poređeni sa kontrolnim neinokulisanim tretmanom. Odgovor biljaka na inokulaciju i koinokulaciju je bio pozitivan u poređenju sa kontrolom. Prema rezultatima, koinokulacija ljulja sojevima R. trifilii 459 and Pseudomonas sp. LG kao i inokulacija pojedinačnim sojevima LG i L1K su uticali na značajno povečanje prinosa suve nadzemne mase u oba otkosa ali i sadržaja N i P u nadzemnom delu biljke. Rezultati su ukazali da sojevi Pseudomionasa samostalno ili u inokulaciji sa sojem R. trifolii imaju potencijal za unapređenje rasta italijanskog ljulja i da predstavljaju potencijalne agense biofertilizatora
