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Ispitivanje produktivnosti krompira u zavisnosti od porekla sadnog materijala i veličine semenske krtole
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of the origin of planting material and size of seed tubers, on the productive properties of most commonly grown potato cultivars Cleopatra, Jaerla, Desiree and Kennebec in Western Serbia (Macva). Potato seed-producing crop, from which the planting material came from, was grown during 2007 at two sites with different altitude: a plain region 72 m a.s.l. and a mountainous region 1100 m a.s.l. Evaluating the presence of the two most widespread potato virus (PYV) and (PLRV in our conditions was performed by ELISA test. The investigation was carried out by planting the following mass of planted material: 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g and 110 ± 5g in 2008 year. Planted tubers originating from 72 m a.s.l. produced a total yield of 29.10 t ha1- .The difference was higher than the variant with planted tubers originating from 1100 m a.s.l. by 1.30 t ha1- (4.50 %). The highest total yield of 30.80 t ha1- was achieved by planting the largest mass (110 g) and the lowest 25.50 t ha1- by planting the smallest mass (50 g) of the tuber.Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj porekla sadnog materijala i veličine semenske krtole na produktivne osobine četiri najčešće gajene sorte krompira Cleopatra, Jaerla, Desiree i Kennebec u uslovima Zapadne Srbije (Mačve). Proizvodnja sadnog materijala krompira izvedena je 2007. godine u dva lokaliteta različite nadmorske visine (nv): ravničarskom 72 m i planinskom regionu 1100 m (nv). Ocena prisustva dva i najraširenija virusa krompira u našim uslovima (PYV) i (PLRV) izvršeno je ELISA testom. Istraživanja su izvedena sadnjom semenskih krtola prosečne mase 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g i 110 ± 5g tokom 2008. godine. Sađenjem krtola poreklom sa 72 m nv. u proseku ostvaren je ukupan prinos od 29,10 t ha1-. Razlika je veća od varijanti gde su sađene krtole poreklom sa 1100 m nv. za 1,30 t ha1-, ili za 4,50 %. Najveći ukupan prinos krtola od 30,80 t ha1- dobijen je sadnjom najkrupnije frakcije prosečne mase 110 g, a najmanji 25,50 t ha 1- sadnjom najsitnije frakcije prosečne mase 50 g
Uticaj Alternaria alternata na klijavost semena pšenice
No full textInvestigation of the effect Alternaria alternata on seed germination of wheat were tested on three varieties of Victory, Renaissance and NS 40 S. Seed germination is the ISTA rules, in order to elucidate the effect of primary and secondary infection pathogen A.alternata on seed natural and conditioned seeds were placed tests with seeds untreated, treated with NaOCl and fungicide Tycoon included. The high rate of seed germination was found in all three experiments. The correlation coefficient between secondary infection of seedlings with A.alternata and germination of wheat was -0.69 to -0.76, depending on the variety, indicating that the rate of infection has no significant effect on seed germination.Ispitivanje uticaja gljive Alternaria alternata na klijavost semena pšenice testirano je na tri sorte Pobeda, Renesansa i NS 40 S. Prema ISTA pravilima, a u cilju utvrđivanja uticaja primarne i sekundarne infekcije patogena A.alternata na klijavost naturalnog i dorađenog semenskog materijala, postavljeni su testovi sa semenom bez tretiranja, tretirano sa NaOCl i fungicidom Tycoon-om. Visoka stopa klijavosti semena je utvrđena u sva tri eksperimenta. Koeficijent korelacije između sekundarne zaraze klijanaca sa A.alternata i klijavosti semena pšenice iznosio je -0.69 do -0.76 u zavisnosti od sorte, ukazujući da infekcija nema značajan uticaj na klijavost semena
Identification of Agrobacterium vitis as a causal agent of grapevine crown gall in Serbia
No full textIn 2010, a serious outbreak of crown gall disease was observed on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) in several commercial vineyards located in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. Bacteria were isolated from the young tumor tissue on nonselective YMA medium and five representative strains were selected for further identification. Tumorigenic (Ti) plasmid was detected in all strains by PCR using primers designed to amplify the virC pathogenicity gene, producing a 414-bp PCR product. The strains were identified as Agrobacterium vitis using differential physiological and biochemical tests, and a multiplex PCR assay targeting 23S rRNA gene sequences. In the pathogenicity assay, all strains induced characteristic symptoms on inoculated tomato and grapevine plants. They were less virulent on tomato plants in comparison to the reference strains of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis
Pseudomonas syringae - patogen trešnje u Srbiji
No full textCharacteristics of pathogenic Pseudomonas bacterial strains isolated from cherry in Serbia are presented in the article. Two types of symptoms were observed on cherry trees at few localities with intensive production in Serbia (Belgrade, Čačak, Topola, Šabac, Novi Sad). The first symptom is bud necrosis and the second bacterial canker of cherry branch. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from the margin of necrotic tissue. All investigated strains were levan and HR positive, while negative results were recorded for oxidase, pectinase and arginin dihydrolase tests (LOPAT+- - - +). Based on pathogenicity tests and differential GATT tests, investigated strains were divided in two distinct groups: the first group consisted of strains isolated from necrotic cherry branch which caused necrosis on artificially inoculated cherry, pear and lemon fruits, syringae leaves and bean pods, were gelatin and aesculin positive, and tyrosinase and tartrate negative (typical characteristics of P.s. pv. syringae). Contrary, second group strains were isolated from necrotic cherry buds, showed negative results in mentioned pathogenicity tests, gelatin and aesculin tests were negative, while tyrosinase and tartrate were positive (typical characteristics of P.s. pv. morsprunorum). REP PCR analyses showed that strains isolated from necrotic cherry buds belong to P. s pv. morsprunorum compared to referent strain. In contrast, isolates obtained from necrotic cherry branches had unique fingerprint profiles but different from all reference strains. According to the obtained results it was concluded that both pathovars of P. syringae (syringae and morsprunorum) cause necrosis of cherry trees in Serbia.U radu su prikazane patogene, bakteriološke odlike izolata bakterije Pseudomnas syringae poreklom iz trešnje, kao i njihova molekularna karakterizacija primenom REP-PCR metode. Dva tipa simptoma bolesti zapažena su u savremenim zasadima trešnje na području Beograda, Novog Sada, Topole i Šapca. Prvi tip simptoma se ispoljava u vidu nekroze cvetnih i lisnih pupoljaka trešnje, a drugi u vidu nekroze višegodišnjih grana. Iz nekrotičnog tkiva su izolovane Gram negativne bakterije , koje fluoresciraju na King podlozi B, a glukozu metabolišu isključivo u aerobnim uslovima; bakterija stvara levan i prouzrokuje HR duvana ali ne stvara oksidazu, pektinazu u arginin dehidrolazu (LOPAT +---+) što su odlike karakteristične za bakteriju P. syringae. U pogledu patogenosti izolovanih sojeva, kao i njihovih diferencijalnih biohemijskih testova (GATT) proučavani izolati su svrstani u dve jasno izdiferencirane grupe. Prvu čine sojevi izolovani iz nekrozom zahavćenih grana trešnje, koji prouzrokuju nekrozu inokulisanih plodova trešnje, kruške i limuna, listova jorgovana i mahuna boranije. Ova grupa izolata hidrolizuje želatin i eskulin, ali ne stvaraju tirozinazu i ne metabolišu tartarate. Pomenute patogene i diferencijalne biohemijske odlike su karakteristične za P.s. pv. syringae. Nasuprot njima, sojevi izolovani iz nekrotičnih pupoljaka trešnje negativno reaguju pri pomenutim testovima patogenosti, ne hidrolizuju želatin i eskulin, ali stvaraju tirozinazu i metabolišu tartarate, što su odlike P.s.pv. morsprunorum. REP-PCR analiza takođe ukazuje da sojevi iz nekrotičnih pupoljaka ispoljavaju identične karakteristike kao i referentni soj P.s. pv. morsprunorum. Primenom ovog metoda je takođe utvrđeno da su sojevi izolovani iz obolelih grana trešnje međusobno identični ali da se razlikuju od referentnih sojeva korišćenih u ovim istraživanjima. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, tokom ovih istraživanja zaključeno je da oba patogena varijeteta P. syringae patogena voćaka (pv. syrnigae i pv. morsprunorum) parazitiraju trešnju u našim agroekološkim uslovima
Temperature effects on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed germination
No full textA better understanding of the seed ecology can be helpful for prediction of the potential of weed species to spread, for prediction of their invasiveness, and for development of more effective weed management strategies. In Serbia, in agricultural areas, edges of crop fields, as well as in uncultivated areas, more and more populations of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) were detected. Seeds from two populations (P-1 and P-2) of this species were collected for testing temperature effects on germination. Germination tests were conducted in an incubator set to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C, in the dark. The seeds were considered to be germinating at the moment of radicle emergence. The number of germinated seeds was recorded daily (germination rate) during 7 day period and germination rate (sum of germinations per day) was calculated. Final percentage of germination and seedlings length and weight were measured after 7 days of incubation. Seeds of the both common cocklebur populations did not germinate when incubated at 10 degrees C. The lowest germination occurred at 35 degrees C for population PI and at 15 degrees C for population P-2, while the maximum germination occurred at 25 degrees C for both populations. The highest length of seedlings were recorded at 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C for population P-1 and P-2, respectively, while the highest seedlings weight was at 35 degrees C for both populations. The lowest seedlings length, as well as weight, was measured at 15 degrees C for both populations
Patogenost izolata Colletotrichum spp. - prouzrokovača antraknoze
No full textThe pathogenic characteristics of 20 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. originating from pear, apple, sour cherry and tomato fruits, as well as reference strains of C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) and C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97) are presented in this paper. In the studies of host range of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were included 17 plant species. Nine days after artificial inoculation all tested isolates were caused anthracnose lesion on fruits of apple, pear, peach, apricot, sour cherry, sweet cherry, plum, strawberry, grape, tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, zucchini, and green beans. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. originating from the same host showed some differences in the degree of aggressiveness, which can be interpreted as the genetic variability of populations. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicate that the pathogenicity of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. is statistically significantly different on immature and mature fruits of pear, apple, sour cherry and tomato. Low to moderate sensitivity of immature fruits was confirmed by comparison of the degree of necrosis. Mature fruits were manifested a strong sensitivity to all tested isolates of Colletotrichum spp.U radu su prikazane patogene karakteristike 20 izolata Colletotrichum spp. poreklom sa plodova kruške, jabuke, višnje i paradajza, kao i referentnih sojeva C. acutatum (CBS 294.67) i C. gloeosporioides (CBS 516.97). U proučavanja kruga domaćina izolata Colletotrichum spp. uključeno je 17 biljnih vrsta. Devet dana nakon veštačkih inokulacija svi testirani izolati prouzrokovali su antraknozne lezije na plodu jabuke, kruške, kajsije, trešnje, višnje, šljive, jagode, grožđa, paradajza, paprike, plavog patlidžana, krastavca, tikvice i boranije. Izolati Colletotrichum spp. poreklom sa istog domaćina pokazuju izvesne razlike u stepenu agresivnosti, što se može tumačiti genetskom varijabilnošću populacija. Rezultati jednofaktorijalne analize varijanse ukazuju na statistički značajne razlike u patogenosti izolata Colletotrichum spp. na nezrelim i zrelim plodovima kruške, jabuke, višnje i paradajza. Poređenjem stepena nekroze utvrđena je slaba do umerena osetljivost nezrelih plodova. Zreli plodovi su manifestovali jaku osetljivost prema svim testiranim izolatima Colletotrichum spp
Karakterizacija sirodezmina izolovanih iz fitopatogene gljive Leptosphaeria maculans
No full textThe pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi is associated with phytotoxins, especially with their chemical nature and quantity. Sirodesmins are phytotoxins from the epipolythiodioxopiperazines group, produced by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, which are a cause of blackleg and stem canker in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The aim of this work was to obtain a detailed chemical profile of sirodesmins in five fungal isolates (four from Vojvodina, Serbia, and one from the Centre for Agricultural Research, Rothamsted, UK). Sirodesmins showing different phytotoxicity on treated cotyledons of cv. Quinta were separated and detected by thin layer chromatography in all analysed isolates (L.m, C-3, St-5 and S-11) except K-113, which neither contained sirodesmin congeners nor did it exhibit activity. By use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer, it was possible to identify total of 10 sirodesmins, together with their precursor-phomamide. It was found that the dominant epipolythiodioxopiperazines of the investigated L. maculans isolates were sirodesmin PL, sirodesmin C, and their de-acetylated derivatives.Patogenost fitopatogenih gljiva povezana je sa fitotoksinima, a naročito sa njihovom hemijskom prirodom i količinom. Sirodezmini su fitotoksini iz grupe epipolitiodioksopiperazina, koje proizvodi gljiva Leptosphaeria maculans, uzročnik suve truleži korena i raka stabla uljane repice. Cilj ovog rada bila je detaljna hemijska karakterizacija sirodezmina u pet izolata gljiva (četiri iz Vojvodine i jedan iz Velike Britanije, Centar za poljoprivredna istraživanja, Rothamsted). Kod svih ispitivanih izolata (L. maculans, C-3, St-3, S-11), osim K-113 (koji nije sadržao sirodezmine niti pokazivao aktivnost) tankoslojnom hromatografijom su razdvojeni i detektovani sirodezmini koji su pokazali različitu fitotoksičnost na tretiranim kotiledonima sorte Quinta. Primenom tečne hromatografije visoke efikasnosti, kuplovane sa tandemskim masenim spektrometrom, bilo je moguće identifikovati ukupno 10 sirodezmina, kao i njihov prekursor - fomamid. Utvrđeno je da su dominantni epipolitio-dioksopiperazini ispitivanih izolata L. maculans sirodezmin PL, sirodezmin C i njihovi deacetilovani derivati
Biodegradacija metil tercijarnog butil etra pomoću Kocuria sp.
No full textMethyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been used to replace the toxic compounds from gasoline and to reduce emission of air pollutants. Due to its intensive use, MTBE has become one of the most important environment pollutants. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of the bacteria from wastewater sample of 'HIP Petrohemija', Pančevo (Serbia), capable of MTBE biodegradation. The results of the investigation showed that only the bacterial isolate 27/1 was capable of growth on MTBE. The result of sequence analyzes of 16S rDNA showed that this bacterial isolate belongs to the Kocuria sp. After the incubation period of 86 days, the degradation rates of initial MTBE concentration of 25 and 125 μg/ml were 55 and 36%, respectively. These results indicated that bacteria Kocuria sp. is successfully adapted on MTBE and can be potentially used in bioremediation of soils and waters contaminated with MTBE.Metil tercijarni butil etar (MTBE) uveden je u proizvodnju s ciljem zamene toksičnih komponenti iz benzina, povećanja oktanskog broja goriva i redukcije aerozagađenja. Usled intenzivne primene, perzistentnosti i mobilnosti, MTBE je posle svega nekoliko godina postao značajan polutant u životnoj sredini. Cilj ovog rada je izolacija i identifikacija bakterija iz uzorka otpadne vode poreklom iz 'HIP Petrohemije', Pančevo, sposobnih da vrše degradaciju MTBE-a. Od 11 bakterijskih izolata, svrstanih u tri grupe po morfološkim osobinama, samo je jedan izolat, označen kao 27/1, pokazao sposobnost rasta na MTBE-u kao jedinstvenom izvoru ugljenika i energije i odabran je za dalja istraživanja. Ovaj izolat ima sitne crvenkaste kolonije na podlozi 0,1×TSA. Ćelije su okruglastog oblika, ne stvaraju spore a po Gramu se boje pozitivno. Primenom API i APIWEB sistema, ovaj izolat pokazuje najveći stepen sličnosti sa bakterijskom vrstom Kocuria rosea. Sekvenca izolata 27/1 dobijena sekvencionom 16S rDNA analizom se sastoji od 1407 nukleotida, na osnovu čega je ovaj izolat identifikovan kao Kocuria sp. Nakon inkubacije od 86 dana, stepen degradacije početnih koncentracija MTBE-a od 25 i 125 μg/ml iznosio je 55, odnosno 36%. Pri početnoj koncentraciji od 25 μg/ml optička gustina i brojnost bakterija se smanjuju u prvih 15 dana inkubacije, dok je pri početnoj koncentraciji od 125 μg/ml zabeleženo smanjenje optičke gustine i broja bakterija u prvih 30 dana. Nakon ovog perioda, stepen bakterijskog rasta se povećava. U početnim fazama Inkubacije, stepen degradacije MTBE-a nije visok, dok je krajem inkubacionog perioda konstatovan najveći stepen degradacije. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na uspešnu adaptaciju bakterije Kocuria sp. na prisustvo MTBE-a, što opravdava njenu primenu u bioremedijaciji zemljišta i voda kontaminiranih MTBE-om
Nova štetna nematoda žitarica u Srbiji
No full textCereal Cyst Nematodes are globally recognized as economically most important species on wheat. The complex consists of twelve valid species, of which Heterodera avenae, H.filipjevi and H.latipons are the most important. In our country, Cereal Cyst Nematodes are found occasionally and only Heterodera avenae has been recorded without further characterization. Heterodera filipjevi is found only in one locality in Vojvodina so far, but it is presumably far more widespread.Cistolike nematode žitarica su priznate kao ekonomski najznačajnije nematode na pšenici na globalnom planu. Ovaj kompleks se sastoji od dvanaest validnih vrsta od kojih su Heterodera avenae, H.filipjevi i H.latipons najznačajnije. U našoj zemlji cistolike nematode žitarica su povremeno nalažene i samo je Heterodera avenae pominjana bez detaljnije karakterizacije. Kod nas je H.filipjevi za sada utvrdjena samo na jednoj parceli u Vojvodini ali je sigurno da je daleko više rasprostranjena