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Agrohemijske i mikrobiološke osobine pošumljenih deposola rudarskog basena 'Kolubara'
No full textDue to unfavorable terrain configuration on the great of deposols of the 'Kolubara' open cast mine, recultivation under forest cultures has been performed. Tests of basic agrochemical properties as well as quantitative abundance of some groups of microorganisms in deposols of different oldness and under different forest cultures have been done. The tested deposols have shown favorable pH, low content of humus and total nitrogen, readily available to phosphorus and potassium. The biogenity shown is satisfactory but the total microflora, fungi and Clostridium abundance is lower compared to the control soil while the other physiological groups of microorganisms are considerably more abundant.Zbog nepovoljne konfiguracije terena, na većini trajno odloženih zemljišta (deposola) rudarskog basena 'Kolubara' rekultivacija je izvedena pošumljavanjem. Izvršeno je ispitivanje osnovnih agrohemijskih osobina, kao i kvantitativne zastupljenosti pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama u deposolima različite starosti i pod različitim šumskim kulturama. Ispitivani deposoli su pokazali povoljniji pH od kontrolnog zemljišta, niži sadržaj humusa, ukupnog N i lako pristupačnog K2O, a viši sadržaj lako pristupačnog P2O5. Opšta biogenost je bila zadovoljavajuća, s tim što je zastupljenost ukupne mikroflore, gljivica i bakterija iz roda Clostridium bila manja nego kod kontrolnog zemljišta, dok je zastupljenost ostalih fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama bila znatno veća
Effect of nicosulfuron on plant traits of Xanthium strumarium
No full textField experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at the Experimental Field Institute Padinska Skela PKB Agroekonomik, near Belgrade, to quantify effects of nicosulfuron on plant traits (vegetative production and fecundity) of Xanthium strumarium. Plants of X. strumarium were grown in monoculture on plots of 5 x 4.2 m. Inter-row spacing was 24 cm and the distance between the rows was 70 cm. Plants were treated with nicosulfuron when they developed two pairs of leaves. The applied rates of nicosulfuron were 20, 40 and 80 g a.i. ha(-1) and one control treatment (without herbicide application) was included. Vegetative parameters (height, fresh weight, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI)) were recorded just before herbicide application and four times after the herbicide treatment. Measurements were made at intervals of about two weeks. At maturity, fecundity of weeds (bur weight plant(-1) and bur number plant(-1)) was measured. In both years, the application of nicosulfuron caused less growth (height, fresh weight and LAI) of X. strumarium in comparison with the control. All rates of nicosulfuron reduced vegetative parameters, which decreased as rates of nicosulfuron increased. On the other hand, effects of nicosulfuron on bur production were not equivalent to its effects on vegetative parameters. Only the highest rate of nicosulfuron reduced bur production significantly
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Xanthomonas campestris strains isolated from cabbage, kale and broccoli
No full textThirty-six strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) isolated from cabbage, kale and broccoli were identified according to their pathogenicity, phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Pathogenicity was confirmed by the injection method with a hypodermic syringe into the mesophilic tissue of cabbage leaves. All strains were Gramnegative, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, grew at 35°C, produced levan, H2S and indole, did not reduce nitrate, hydrolyzed Tween 80, starch, gelatin and esculin and did not show tolerance to 0.1 and 0.02% TTC. The strains produced acid from d-arabinose, arginine, dulcitol, galactose, d-glucose, maltose, mannose, sorbitol, sucrose and xylose. The genetic characterization was based on the sequence analyses of 16S rDNA and ERIC and BOX PCR. Strains of different pathovars were also used to compare PCR resulting patterns. BOX-PCR of the strains from kale and broccoli, obtained using (GTG)5 primer, yielded patterns with a high similarity level to pathovar reference strain Xcc. The strains from cabbage yielded BOX and ERIC product patterns, distinguishing them from the other tested strains and reference strains. 16S rDNA of the representative strains was closely related to Xcc strain ATCC 33913. ERIC PCR and BOX using (GTG)5 primer generated different Xcc patterns and were effective in distinguishing strains from different plant hosts
First Report of 16SrIII-B Phytoplasma Subgroup Associated with Virescence of Arnica montana in Serbia
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Sličnosti i razlike u molekularnom paternu ITS regiona nekih Globodera rostochiensis populacija
No full textEvolutionary relationships of organisms in the past are based on morphological, biogeographical, and paleontological data. The emergence of molecular tools has enabled the study of the genetic structure of organisms and study of their phylogeny using protein or nucleotide sequences, which is especially important for organisms such as cyst nematodes that have no fossil records and are morphologically very similar. This paper presents molecular characterization of some G. rostochiensis populations in our region based on molecular pattern of ITS region. Molecular characterization of the studied populations showed similarities with the previously characterized populations but also some differences.Evolutivni odnosi organizama u prošlosti su zasnivani na morfološkim, biogeografskim i paleontološkim podacima. Pojava molekularnih alata omogućila je izučavanje genetičke strukture organizama i proučavanje njihove filogenije uz pomoć proteinskih ili nukleotidnih sekvenci, što je posebno značajno kod organizama kao što su cistolike nematode koje nemaju fosilnih ostataka a morfološki su veoma slične. U ovom radu je data molekularna karakterizacija nekih populacija G.rostochiensis sa naših prostora u molekularnom paternu ITS regiona. Molekularna karakterizacija ispitivanih populacija je pokazala sličnosti ispitivanih populacija sa već ranije okarakterisanim populacijama ali i neke razlike
Molekularna karakterizacija populacija CNK iz Srbije
No full textThe morphology of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) was until recently almost the only way to identify these quarantine organisms. In the last two decades, molecular analyses contributed to faster and more efficient identification of two Globodera species (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) and allowed insight into the genetic structure of those parts that were practically inaccessible by morphological studies. Molecular characterization was performed in ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The comparison was made with sequences of different foreign PCN populations via NCBI GenBank database. The results of molecular studies showed similarities and differences between local and foreign PCN populations in the part of genome that was studied.Morfologija cistolikih nematoda krompira (CNK) je do nedavno bila gotovo jedini način identifikacije ovih karantinskih organizama. Molekularne analize su u poslednje dve decenije doprinele bržoj i efikasnijoj identifikaciji dve Globodera vrste (Globodera pallida i G. rostochiensis) i omogućile uvid u genetiku strukturu onih delova koji su praktično bili nedostupni morfološkim studijama. Molekularna karakterizacija je urađena u ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regionu. Poređenja su vršena sa sekvencama različitih stranih populacija CNK preko NCBI GenBank baze podataka. Rezultati molekularnih studija pokazuju sličnosti i razlike domaćih i stranih populacija CNK u proučavanom delu genoma
Gibberella zeae na semenu kantariona u Srbiji
No full textGibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) was determined on seed of St. John's wort produced in localities Pančevo, Gorobilje and Kačarevo during 2008 and 2009. Morphological characteristics of monosporial isolates were described. All tested isolates formed in vitro perithecia, and were classified as F. graminearum (syn. F. graminearum Group 2). Pathogenicity was confirmed by the artificial inoculation of St. John's wort seed.Ispitivanjem zdravstvenog stanja semena kantariona iz kolekcije Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić' proizvedenog tokom 2008. i 2009. godine u lokalitetima Pančevo, Gorobilje i Kačarevo, prvi put je u Srbiji utvrđeno prisustvo vrste Gibberella zeae (anamorf Fusarium graminearum). Ova vrsta je identifikovana na osnovu makroskopskih i mikroskopskih osobina dobijenih monospornih izolata. Svi ispitivani izolati su u in vitro uslovima formirali peritecije, te su na osnovu ovog i drugih osobina identifikovani kao F. graminearum (syn. F. graminearum Grupa 2). Patogenost je potvrđena pojavom nekroze klijanaca nakon inokulacije semena kanatariona
Antifungalna aktivnost autohtonih rizosfernih izolata Pseudomonas spp. prema Venturia inaequalis
No full textPlant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi are one of the major problems in orchard plants in Serbia. To avoid the use of chemical agents in high percent, biological control is becoming promising method in plant disease management. It has been showed that apple is host of Venturia inaequalis, a very aggressive phytopathogenic fungus known for production scab. In search for ecological ways for prevention and reduction of disease symptoms, biological control with indigenous fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates has been offered as a possible solution. The aim of this study was to examine antifungal activity of different indigenous fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates (Q16, B25 and PS2) against phytopathogenic fungus V. inaequalis which had infected apple. Indigenous Pseudomonas isolates showed in vitro inhibition of fungal growth 13.85% to 54.36 % on WA and 11.37 % to 58.33% on PDA. These isolates should be further analyzed in order to classify them as promising group of biocontrol agents against diseases of apple scab caused by V. inaequalis.Biljne bolesti prouzrokovane fitopatogenim gljivicama su jedan od glavnih problema u voćnjacima u Srbiji. Biološka kontrola patogena sve više se koristi u upravljanju biljnim bolestima kako bi se izbeglo korišćenje hemijskih agenasa u velikoj meri. Jabuka kao veoma značajna voćarska kultura je domaćin veoma agresivne fitopatogene gljive Venuria inaequalis, prouzrokovača čađave krastavosti ploda. U potrazi za ekološkim načinima za sprečavanje pojave i smanjenje simptoma bolesti, biološka kontrola autohtonim izolatima iz roda Pseudomonas je potencijalno moguće rešenje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita antifungalna aktivnost različitih autohtonih izolata Pseudomonas (P16, B25 i PS2) protiv fitopatogene gljive V.inaequalis koja zaražava jabuku. Autohtoni Pseudomonas izolati su u in vitro uslovima pokazali inhibiciju rasta kolonija gljivice od 13.85% do 54.36% na WA podlozi i od 11.37% do 58.33% na PDA. Ove izolate treba dalje analizirati kao grupu bioloških agenasa koja može imati veliki potencijal u suzbijanju V.inaequalis, prouzrokovača čađave krastavosti jabuke
Suzbijanje kukuruzove zlatice Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
No full textWestern corn rootworm (WCR) was registered for the first time in Europe near the Surčin international airport in Serbia in 1992. The spread of WCR on the territory of Serbia and its population density increased fast. The Serbian territory was entirely populated in the following few years, while major damages occurred on corn grown for two or more years in the same field. Data on damages caused to over 140,000 ha under corn until 1999 were collected by organized monitoring. After 2000 and 2003, population abundance of D.v. virgifera, as well as the number of damaged corn fields, significantly decreased due to drought and application of crop rotation. Corn rootworm has one generation per year. It overwinters in the egg stage. Under the climatic conditions of Serbia larvae hatching starts around May 15th. The highest number of larvae on root is observed around June 20th when feeding is most intensive and plants become lodged as they lose roots. First adults emerge by the end of June. Their abundance increases during July and reaches maximum by the end of the month. From the second decade of August the abundance decreases. Adults are present in the field until the first frosts. Larvae are much more harmful and significant than adults. Larvae feed on roots or into roots by boring. Roots can be entirely destroyed under heavy attack and the host plants lodged already at the end of June. Under our climatic and agrotechnical conditions, adults are sporadic pests. Adults are a threat only when sowing is done after the optimal sowing date or in case of stubble corn sowing. Crop rotation is an efficient and most widespread means of WCR control. No damage on corn grown in crop rotation has been registered in Serbia for now. In the first year of production corn does not require protection from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte larvae. Several insecticides have performed high efficacy by application at sowing and have been registered for commercial use. On the other hand, soil insecticides have never been applied on a significant area in Serbia.Kukuruzova zlatica je prvi put registrovana 1992. godine pored međunarodnog aerodroma Surčin. Širenje zlatice po teritoriji Srbije i porast gustine njene populacije je bilo brzo. Celokupna teritorija Srbije je naseljena u narednih nekoliko godina, pri čemu su se značajne štete javile na kukuruzu u ponovljenoj setvi. Sakupljeni su podaci o štetama na preko 140.000 ha kukuruza u periodu do 1999. godine. Posle 2000. i 2003. godine brojnost popualcije D.v. virgifera kao i broj oštećenih kukuruzovih polja je značajno smanjen zbog suše i masovne primene plodoreda. Kukuruzova zlatica ima jednu generaciju godišnje. Prezimljava u stadijumu jajeta. U klimatskim uslovima Srbije piljenje larvi počinje oko 15. maja. Najveći broj larvi se nalazi na korenu kukuruza oko 20. juna kada je ishrana larvi najintenzivnija. Zbog gubitka korena dolazi do poleganja biljaka. Odrasli insekti se javljaju krajem juna. Njihova brojnost raste tokom jula i dostiže maksimum krajem tog meseca. Od druge dekade avgusta brojnost imaga opada. Odrasli insekti se mogu naći u polju sve do prvih mrazeva. Larve se hrane na korenu ili se ubušuju u njega. U slučaju velikog napada koren može biti potpuno uništen i takve biljke već krajem juna poležu. U našim klimatskim i agrotehničkim uslovima odrasli insekti su sporadične štetočine. Oni mogu biti štetni u slučajevima kasnije setve ili postrne setve. Plodored je efikasan i najrasprostranjeniji način suzbijanja kukuruzove zlatice. Do sada se u Srbiji nisu javile štete na kukuruzu u plodoredu. Stoga se u kukuruzu u plodoredu ne primenjuju zaštitne mere. Više insekticida pokazuje dobre rezultate u suzbijanju kukuruzove zlatice kada se primenjuju sa setvom i imaju dozvolu za primenu u Srbiji. Međutim, zemljišni insekticidi nisu nikada do sada primenjeni na većim površinama za suzbijanje kukuruzove zlatice