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Uticaj temperature na klijanje semena Cuscuta campestris Yunk.
No full textStudies of biological characteristics of seeds and conditions for their germination have a major importance for planning and executing rational measures of weed control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on germination of C. campestris seeds. Three treatments (T1- storage at room temperature; T2 - exposure to 4°C for 30 days; T3 - scarification by concentrated sulphuric acid) differing in manipulation with seeds before germination were tested at different temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C). Germinated seeds were counted daily for ten days and the length of seedlings was measured on the last day. The results showed that differences in germination of C. campestris seeds were very prominent between temperatures, as well as between treatments T1, T2 and T3. Seeds failed to germinate at 5°C and 45°C in all treatments (T1, T2, T3). Germination ranged from 6.25 at 10°C to 96.88%, the highest percentage, achieved at 30°C.Izučavanje bioloških karakteristika semena i uslova u kojima klijaju ima veliki značaj za planiranje i realizaciju racionalnih mera za kontrolu korova. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita efekat različitih temperatura na klijanje semena C. campestris. U ogled su bila uključena tri tretmana (T1 - semena čuvana u laboratorijskim uslovima na temperaturi 22- 25°C, T2 - semena koja su prethodno 30 dana izlagana niskoj temperaturi (4°C), T3 - semena koja su skarifikovana koncentrovanom sumpornom kiselinom), pri čemu su svi tretmani ispitivani na sledećim temperaturama: 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C. Svakodnevno, u periodu od deset dana, rađeno je prebrojavanje proklijalih semena, a poslednjeg dana su izmerene i dužine klijanaca. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da postoje značajne razlike u klijanju semena u odnosu na ispitivane temperature i tretmane. Semena nisu klijala na temperaturama od 5°C i 45°C ni u jednom od rađenih tretmana. Procenat klijanja se kretao od 6,25% do 96,88%, pri čemu je najveći procenat u sva tri tretmana zabeležen na temperaturi od 30°C
First Report of Broccoli Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum in Serbia.
No full textPrinos semena crvenog vijuka (Festuca rubra L.) i korelaciona međuzavisnost sa komponentama prinosa i kvalitetom semena
No full textThe paper presents the results of two years of research conducted in eastern Serbia (2007-2008). Tests were conducted with domestic varieties K-14, which was developed at the Institute for Forage Crops, Krusevac. At two different densities B1 (the inter-row distance of 12.5 cm and 15 kg ha-1 seed) and B2 (25 cm row spacing and 7.5 kg ha-1 seed) following components of yield were observed: plant height (cm), number of generative stems, inflorescence length (cm), number of branches in umbel; seed yield (kg ha-1) The following parameters of seed quality were: 1000 seed weight (g), germination energy (%), germination of seeds (%). Interdependence of the traits was determined by simple correlation coefficients (r). The highest seed yield was recorded in density B2. Variability of seed yield was high (CV = 49.9%), because influence of year and plant density. Seed yield achieved the strongest positive correlation (p ≤ 0.01), with generative stems (r=0.994). Also strong dependence was found between plant height and number of generative stems (r=0.977).Rad prikazuje rezultate dvogodišnjih ispitivanja sprovedenih u istočnoj Srbiji (2007 2008). Ispitivanja su izvedena sa domaćom sortom K-14, koja je stvorena u Institutu za krmno bilje, Kruševac. Na dve različite gustine: B1 (setva na međuredno rastojanje 12,5 cm i sa 15 kg ha-1 semena) i B2 (25 cm međuredno rastojanje i 7,5 kg ha-1 semena) praćene su sledeće komponente prinosa: visina stabljike (cm), broj generativnih stabljika, dužina cvasti (cm), broj grana u cvasti, prinos semena (kg ha-1). Praćeni su sledeći parametri kvaliteta semena: masa 1000 semena (g), energija klijanja (%), ukupna klijavost semena (%). Međuzavisnost ispitivanih osobina utvrđena je prostim koeficijentima korelacije (r). Veći prinos semena ostvaren je sa gustinom B2. Varijabilnost prinosa pod uticajem godine i gustine, bila je visoka (CV =49,9%). Prinos semena ostvario je najjaču pozitivu korelativnu međuzavisnost (p≤0,05) sa generativnim stabljikama (r=0,994). Takođe jaka zavisnost utvrđena je između visine stabljika i broja generativnih stabljika (r=0,977)
Lysiphlebus orientalis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new invasive aphid parasitoid in Europe - evidence from molecular markers
No full textWe report the occurrence of Lysiphlebus orientalis in Serbia, an aphid parasitoid from the Far East that is new to Europe and has the potential to become invasive. Our finding based on morphological characters is confirmed by analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences. An increase in number and an expansion of the host range were observed during field studies over the past two years, and it is determined that the current host range encompasses nine aphid hosts on 12 different host plants, forming 13 tri-trophic associations. A host range determined for European populations of L. orientalis appears wider compared with that in its Far Eastern native habitats where Aphis glycines Mats. is the sole known host. Moreover, it overlaps considerably with the host ranges of European parasitoids that play an important role in the natural control of pest aphids
Efikasnost različitih insekticida u poljskim uslovima u suzbijanju repičinog sjajnika (Meligethes aeneus F.) u usevima ozime uljane repice
No full textSince pollen beetle, M. aeneus, is usually controlled by insecticides, the efficacy of several compounds with different modes of action against adult beetles was studied in a threeyear field study. The selected insecticides were: three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin and bifenthrin), an oganophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl), a combination of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid (chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin) and a neonicotinoid (thiacloprid). The insecticides were applied at label rates to winter rapeseed crops at the moment of visible but still closed flower buds (BBCH 55-57). In all experiments, the efficacy of pyrethroids and the organophosphate ranged from 90-100%, while the efficacy of the neonicotinoid was 85-95%. Therefore, they can be recommended for control of pollen beetle in Serbia.S obzirom da gajenje uljane repice za sobom povlači i primenu insekticida za suzbijanje repičinog sjajnika kao najštetnije insekatske vrste, u radu je tokom trogodišnjih poljskih ogleda (2008-2010. godina) na tri lokaliteta (Kovin, Smederevo i Požarevac) ispitana efikasnost insekticida različitih mehanizama delovanja: piretroida (lambda-cihalotrin, alfa-cipermetrin, bifentrin), organofosfata (pirimifos-metil), kombinacije organofosfata i piretroida (hlorpirifos + cipermetrin) i neonikotinoida (tiakloprid) za imaga M. aeneus. Komercijalne formulacije insekticida su primenjivane u preporučenim dozama u usevima ozime uljane repice u vreme vidljivih cvetnih pupoljaka, ali još zatvorenih (BBCH 55-57). Efikasnost piretroida i organofosfata je tokom svih ogleda bila 90-100%, a neonikotinoida 85-95%, pa se zbog ispoljene visoke efikasnosti može preporučiti njihova primena u Srbiji
First Report of Blueberry Reddening Disease in Serbia Associated with 16SrXII-A (Stolbur) Phytoplasma
No full textNew data on spider fauna from Northern Serbia
No full textDuring two years of research on the epigeic fauna in agroecosystems of northern Serbia, which was conducted as a part of SEE-ERA NET PLUS project no. 51, 5488 spider specimens were collected at three fields with oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera), turnip rape (Brassica rapa x chinensis) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) as subsequent crop at Stari Žednik (Vojvodina). A total of 62 species from 15 families were identified. Pardosa agrestis and Xysticus kochi were the dominant species in the studied fields. Spider families with significant presence were Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Thomisidae, Gnaphosidae, Theridiidae and Philodromidae. Seven species are new to the spider fauna of Serbia
Identification of Two Cryptic Species Within the Praon abjectum Group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) Using Molecular Markers and Geometric Morphometrics
No full textThe genus Praon represents a large group of aphid endoparasitoids and is exemplary for the problems encountered in their taxonomy because of a great variability of morphological characters. To investigate the intraspecific variability and to ascertain cryptic speciation within the Praon abjectum Haliday group, biotypes in association with the aphid hosts Aphis sambuci L., Longicaudus trirhodus Walker, and Rhopalosiphum spp. were examined. We combined molecular and geometric morphometric analyses, that is, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and nuclear 28SD2 genes and the shape of the forewing. Low variation of 28SD2 sequences confirmed the close relatedness of species from the genus Praon. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences however identified three separate taxa within the P. abjectum group with substantial genetic divergence. The biotype of P. abjectum associated with L. trirhodus differed from those associated with Rhopalosiphum sp. and A. sambuci by 5.4-6.5% and 7.7% sequence divergence, respectively, while the genetic distance between the latter two biotypes ranged from 9.5 to 10%. The main changes in the forewing shape that discriminate these three biotypes as revealed by geometric morphometrics are related to the stigma shape and the position of the radial nerve. Based on the differences determined in mitochondrial sequences and in the shape of the wing, we describe two new cryptic species within the P. abjectum group as follows: P. sambuci sp. n. in association with A. sambuci/S. nigra and P. longicaudus sp. n. in association with L. trirhodus/T. aquilegifolium
Genetička karakterizacija patogenih flueroscentnih pseudomonada izolovanih iz nekrotičnih trešnji i šljiva u Srbiji
No full textDuring past few years a symptoms of plum and cherry bud necrosis were observed in some regions with significant cherry production in Serbia. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from the margin of necrotic tissue. All investigated strains are levan and HR positive, while negative results are recorded in oxidase, pectinase and arginin dihydrolase tests (LOPAT+---+). Symptoms similar to those observed in natural infection were obtained after artificial inoculation of cherry leaf scares and dormant one year old cherry shoots. Investigated strains as well as reference strain of P. syringae pv. morsprunorum cause the superficial necrosis on artificially inoculated immature cherry fruits, but negative results were recorded in immature pear and lemon fruit tests as well as syringae leaves and bean pods. Gelatin and aesculin tests were negative and tyrosinase and tartrate were positive. Investigated strains isolated from necrotic cherry buds had identical REP-PCR pattern with reference strain of P. syringae pv. morsprunorum. On the basis of obtained results, it was concluded that this bacterium is causal agent of cherry trees bud necrosis in Serbia.Tokom nekoliko poslednjih godina u nekim regionima Srbije, značajnim za proizvodnju trešanja, uočeni su simptomi nekroze pupoljaka ovog voća. Sa margina nekrotičnog tkiva izolovani su sojevi gram negativnih, fluorescentnih, oksidativnih bakterija. Svi ispitivani sojevi su bili levan i HR pozitivni dok su negativni rezultati zabeleženi u oksidaza, pektinaza i dihidrolaza testovima (LOPAT +---+). Simptomi slični onima zabeleženim u prirodnim infekcijama dobijeni su nakon veštačke inokulacije lisnih ožiljaka i dormantnih jednogodišnjih sadnica trešnje. Ispitivani sojevi, kao i referentni soj Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum izazivaju površinsku nekrozu na veštačkim nezrelim plodovima trešnje, ali negativni rezultati su zabeleženi na nezrelim plodovima kruške i limuna kao i na lišću jorgovana i mahunama pasulja. Ispitivani sojevi izolovani sa nekrotičnih pupoljaka trešnje i šljive imali su identičan REP-PCR profil traka kao i referentni soj P. syringae pv. morsprunorum. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da je uzročnik nekroze pupoljaka trešnje bakterijska infekcija sojem P. syringae pv. morsprunorum
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of archival tissue reveals the origin of a disjunct southern African-Palaearctic weevil radiation
No full textAim We test three alternative hypotheses for the disjunct Mediterranean-southern African distribution of endophagous weevils within the genera Rhinusa and Gymnetron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): (1) a Palaearctic origin with dispersal to southern Africa; (2) a southern African origin with dispersal to the Palaearctic; and (3) a widespread ancestral distribution fragmented by vicariance. Divergence times are estimated to provide an approximate temporal framework for the evolution of the group and to evaluate potential palaeogeographical scenarios. Location Southern Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Palaearctic and eastern Africa. Methods Freshly collected and dry, pinned samples of weevils were used as a source of DNA. Prior genetic information was used to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S). Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and molecular dating techniques were used to infer the biogeographical history of Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. A statistical approach to dispersal-vicariance analysis (s-diva) was used to further assess biogeographical hypotheses. Results Successful polymerase chain reaction amplification of targeted short 16S DNA sequences (150bp) from dry, pinned specimens provided for increased species sampling of Rhinusa and Gymnetron by 230%, greatly expanding species representation from southern Africa. Phylogenetic reconstructions and s-diva analyses support a southern African origin for Rhinusa and Gymnetron species. Divergence time estimates suggest southern African and Palaearctic lineages diverged c.11.6-7.4Ma. Main conclusions Rhinusa and Gymnetron represent a complex of lineages with a shared evolutionary history of range expansions from southern Africa into the Palaearctic. Our results support a late Miocene vicariance scenario, most likely as a result of repeated desertification. The use of prior genetic information to identify short phylogenetically informative amplicons offers a useful approach for molecular phylogenetic analyses incorporating archival material