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Pseudomonas syringae - prouzrokovač nekroze plodova trešnje
No full textSevere symptoms of necrosis sweet cherry fruits was recorded during 2014. in region of Šabac. About 30 % of fruits (cv. Summit) were affected and necrosis cover 1/3 of fruit surface in average. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from diseased tissues. Symptoms similar to those, observed in natural infection were recorded on artificial inoculated cherry fruits (cv. Summit and cv. Summbarst). Isolated strains were HR positive, oxidase, pectinase, arginin dehidrolase negative and levan positive (LOPAT +---+). Same characteristics also own check strains Pseudomonas syringae (CFBP 11). According obtained results it was concluded that necrosis of sweet cherry fruits is caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Further characteristic in order proper detection of pathogens, including molecular methods are underway.U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja sojeva bakterija izolovanih iz nekrotičnih plodova trešnje sorte Samit (područje Šapca). Nekroza zahvata u proseku oko 1/3 ploda koji potpuno gubi tržišnu vrednost. Bolešću biva zahvaćeno oko 30% plodova. Primenom standardnih bakterioloških metoda (izolacijom na hranljivim podlogama), proverom patogenosti i proučavanjem bakterioloških karakteristika, zaključeno je da pomenute simptome prouzrokuje fitopatogena bakterija Pseudomonas syringae, široko rasprostranjen patogen naročito koštičavih voćaka
Efikasnost mešavine kalijum fosfita i kaptana u suzbijanju Venturia inaequalis u jabučnjacima
No full textVenturia inaequalis is a common apple disease in Serbia and its intensity depends on weather conditions. The most successful method of combating apple scab is to use a lower dose of an active ingredient and increase its effectiveness by adding substances that do not cause environmental damage. The effectiveness of a fungicide mixture of captan and potassium phosphite against V. inaequalis was investigated in apple orchards in 2008 and 2009. A relevant EPPO standard method was used in all trials. Captan 50 WP was used as a standard fungicide. In order to determine the exact conditions marking the onset of apple infection, key meteorological conditions were monitored in the orchards using an automated iMetos weather station and a Lufft electronic instrument. The results showed high efficacy of the tested fungicides which remained similar in both years of investigation. The intensity of leaf infection after treatment with the mixture of captan and potassium phosphite was 0.7-2.4%, while fruit infection was 0.5-3.0%. The efficacy of this mixture ranged from 96.3-97.9% on leaves and 87.4-98.7% on fruits. The standard fungicide Captan 50 WP showed an efficacy ranging from 95.3-96.7% on leaves and from 87.8-99.3% on fruits. No statistically significant differences were found between the fungicide tested and the standard fungicide.Venturia inaequalis je široko rasprostranjena bolest jabuke u Srbiji, a njen intenzitet zavisi od vremenskih uslova. Najuspešniji metod borbe protiv čađave krastavosti jabuke je korišćenje manjih doza aktivnih materija uz istovremeno povećavanje efikasnosti dodavanjem supstanci koje ne prouzrokuju štetu u životnoj sredini. Tokom 2008 i 2009 godine, proučavana je efikasnost fungicidne mešavine kaptana i kalijum fosfita protiv V. inaequalis u jabučnjacima. U svim ogledima je korišćen standardni EPPO metod. Captan 50 WP je korišćen kao standardni fungicid. Kako bi se tačno odredili uslovi za početak zaraze na jabuci, praćeni su osnovni meteorološki parametri u voćnjacima pomoću iMetos stanice i elektronskog uređaja Lufft. Rezultati su pokazali visoku efikasnost testiranih fungicida koja je bila slična u obe godine istraživanja. Intenzitet zaraze lista nakon tretmana mešavinom kaptana i kalijum fosfita bio je 0.7-2.4%, dok je zaraženost plodova bila 0.5-3.0%. Efikasnost mešavine bila je 96.3-97.9% na listovima, a 87.4-98.7% na plodovima. Standardni fungicid Captan 50 WP pokazao je efikasnost u opsegu 95.3-96.7% na listovima i 87.8-99.3% na plodovima. Nisu konstatovane statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanog i standardnog fungicida
Suzbijanje Didymella applanata u zasadima maline primenom novijih organskih fungicida tokom vegetacije
No full textRaspberry cane decay disease are the major problem in its production by reducing yield and lifetime of orchards. This disease cause a several disease-causing agents, and the most important is Didymella applanata, causal agent of raspberry spur blight. With regard to the biology of the pathogen fungicide use postharvest is not efficient enough because pathogen can infect raspberry far earlier. Therefore, the aim of this study is testing the efficacy of newer organic fungicides applied before and after the harvest raspberries and mutual comparison thereof on biological efficacy. The results show that the tested fungicides exhibited very high efficacy against D. apllanata on the raspberry leaves and the canes (from 83.0 - 96.5%).Prouzrokovači 'kompleksa sušenja' maline predstavljaju najveći problem u njenoj proizvodnji smanjujući prinose i životni vek zasada. Ovaj kompleks sačinjen je od više prouzrokovača bolesti, a najznačajniji u tom kompleksu je Didymella applanata, prouzrokovač kestenaste pegavosti maline. S obzirom na biologiju patogena tretiranje biljaka tek nakon berbe nije dovoljno efikasno jer patogen u povoljnim uslovima može da zarazi malinu daleko ranije. Cilj rada je ispitivanje efikasnosti novijih organskih fungicida primenjenih pre i posle berbe maline kao i međusobno poređenje njihove biološke efikasnosti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su ispitivani fungicidi ispoljili veoma visoku efikasnost u suzbijanju D. applanata kako na listu tako i na izdancima maline (od 83.0 - 96.5%)
First Report of Cercospora carotae, Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Carrot, in Serbia.
No full textUticaj temperature vazduha tokom sušenja na klijavost i dormantnost semena ježevice (Dactylis glomerata L.)
No full textCocksfoot is one of the most important forage grasses, with specific reference to arid conditions. It is mainly used as a component for the preparation of grass-legume forage mixtures. One of the major problems in the production of grass seed is seed dispersal and loss of some yeld. However, harvesting can be done before the stage of technological maturity of seeds where the losses are reduced but, the quality of the seed may be a problem in this case. On the other hand immediately after harvesting, as well as a period of time after harvesting the seed, the grass is characterized by the presence of dormant seeds. Seed dormancy can be decreased with optimum temperature and moisture during the air seed drying. The harvested seed had the moisture content from 20% to 35%. Then the seeds are dried at temperatures of 90oC, 80oC, 70oC, 60oC, 50oC, 40oC, 30oC and at all temperatures the seeds exhibited 90, 60, 30 minutes. In laboratory conditions, seed germination (%), dormant seed are determined in six genotypes. Selection of the optimal temperature and drying time can significantly effect on the increase in seed germination of both seed moisture. Genotypes with high moisture according to the germination, showed low variability (moisture content was 20% and CV ranged from 2.0 to 4.1%; moisture content was 35% and CV ranged from 1.8 to 3.9%).Ježevica je jedna od najznačajnijih krmnih trava, sa posebnim značajem za aridne uslove. Uglavnom se koristi kao komponenta za sastavljanje travno-leguminoznih krmnih smeša. Jedan od većih problema u proizvodnji semena trava je osipanje semena i gubitak dela prinosa. Međutim žetvu je moguće obaviti i pre faze tehnološke zrelosti semena gde se gubici smanjuju ali može biti problem sa kvalitetom semena. Na drugoj strani odmah nakon ubiranja žetve kao i neki vremenski periodpo žetvi semena, trave se odlikuju prisutnošću dormantnog semena. Ućešće dormantnog semena se može smanjiti a povećati klijavost uticajem optimalne temperature vazduha prilikom sušenja gde i vlažnost semena ima uticaja. Ispitivano je seme sa sadržajem vlage: 20% i 35%. Zatim je seme sušeno na temperaturama vazduha: 90oC, 80oC, 70oC, 60oC, 50oC, 40oC, 30oC i klasično. Seme je vremenski izlagano na pomenutim temperaturama vazduha 90, 60 i 30 minuta. U laboratoriskim uslovima utvrđivana je klijavost ( % ) i dormantnost semena ( % ) šest genotipova ježevice. Izborom optimalne temperature vazduha i vremenom sušenja moguće je značajno uticati na povećanje klijavosti semena obe vlažnosti. Genotipovi sa visokom klijavošću su prema klijavosti ispoljili nisku varijabilnost (vlažnost 20% CV = 2,0-4,1%; vlažnost 35% CV = 1,8-3,9%)
Zastupljenost korova u naturalnom semenu lucerke
No full textIn this study the presence of seeds of various weed species in natural alfalfa seed of different cultivars from different localities. In all studied cultivars of alfalfa and in all localities was found 25 different weed species, of which 14 species were perennial weeds, while the other 11 were annual weed species. Since dangerous perennial weeds which proliferate by vegetative and generative identified by (Sorghum halepense and Cirsium arvense). The highest number of weed seeds had annual species Picris echioides L. cultivar K-22 at the site Ratari 446 seeds. Also a large number of seeds was determined and the perennial species Cichorium intybus L. in all the cultivars of alfalfa. The lowest number of seeds were found in the species Rumex sp. four seeds and only the cultivar NS-Mediana at the site Bačko Gradište I, as with species Conium maculatum seven seeds only in the cultivar K-28 at the site Banatsko Karađorđevo. Most weeds species present (nine) was found in alfalfa cultivars NS-Mediana at the site Bačko Gradište I, and while the lowest number of weeds species (two) was found in the cultivar Banjalučanka at the site Kozarska Dubica.U ovom radu ispitivana je zastupljenost semena različitih korovskih vrsta u naturalnom semenu različitih sorata lucerke sa različitih lokaliteta. Kod svih ispitivanih sorti lucerke i na svim lokalitetima identifikovano je 25 različitih vrsta korova, od toga 14 vrsta su bili višegodišnji korovi, dok su ostalih 11 bile jednogodišnje korovske vrste. Od opasnih višegodišnjih korova koji se razmnožavaju generativnim i vegetativnim putem identifikovani su (Sorghum halepense i Cirsium arvense). Najveći broj semena korova imala je jednogodišnja vrsta Picris echioides L. kod sorte K-22 na lokalitetu Ratari (446). Takođe veliki broj semena utvrđen je i kod višegodišnje vrste Cichorium intybus L. i to kod svih ispitivanih sorata lucerke. Najmanji broj semena utvrđen je kod vrste Rumex sp. (četiri semena) i to jedino kod sorte NS-Mediana na lokalitetu Bačko Gradište I, kao i kod vrste Conium maculatum (sedam semena) samo kod sorte K-28 na lokalitetu Banatsko Karađorđevo. Najviše prisutnih korovskih vrsta (devet) utvrđeno je kod sorte lucerke NS-Mediana na lokalitetu Bačko Gradište I, dok je najmanji broj korovskih vrsta (dve) konstatovan kod sorte Banjalučanka na lokalitetu Kozarska Dubica
Komparativna analiza svojstava semena različitih vrsta pšenice
No full textThis paper presents the results of seven varieties of different species of wheat (Triticum spelta L. - Nirvana; Planeta, Cipovka, Aleksandra, Srma, Janja - Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et P.; Verona - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. Compactum) for achieving seed yield and threshing. During the testing of each variety were determined by the following qualitative characteristics: 1000 kernel weight, test weight and germination. It also was determined vigor of seedlings. The experiment was conducted during 2012. and 2013. in the area Globoder of the city of Krusevac. Factor year had a significant effect on seed yield and total germination. Factor cultivar significantly affected the threshing: yield, test weight, 1000-seed weight and germination. The tested factors had no significant effect on seedling vigor.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja sedam sorti različitih vrsta pšenice (Nirvana- Triticum spelta L.; Planeta, Cipovka, Aleksandra, Srma, Janja-Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol; Verona - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum) za postizanje prinosa semena i izvršaj. Pri ispitivanju za svaku sortu određena su sledeća kvalitativna svojstva: masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i klijavost. Takođe je utvrđivan vigor klijanaca (dužina stabaoceta i korenka, ukupna masa klijanaca). Ogled je izveden tokom 2012. i 2013. godine u ataru naseljenog mesta Globoder na teritoriji grada Kruševca. Faktor godina imao je značajan uticaj na prinos semena i ukupnu klijavost. Faktor sorta značajno je uticao na izvršaj, prinos, hektolitarsku masu, masu 1000 semena i klijavost. Ispitivani faktori nisu imali značajnog uticaja na vigor klijanaca
Drying of forage grass seed harvested at different maturity and its utility value in autumn and spring sowing time
No full textTall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) are important fodder grasses, but in seed production, they are prone to seed shedding and certain yield losses. In practice, seeds are usually harvested at approximately 20-35% moisture content and then are additionally dried to the moisture content of 12% or lower. However, to prevent shedding, seed was harvested at 45% moisture content. The effects of drying temperatures of 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 and 22 degrees C on germination and dormancy of tall fescue, red fescue, cocksfoot seeds, harvested at moisture contents of 45, 35 and 25 %, were observed in the present study. The analysis was done immediately upon seed drying, then three, eight and fourteen months later, which corresponds to the autumn and spring sowing time in the continental part of central and south-eastern Europe. In all the three species, drying temperature of 70 degrees C, regardless of the moisture content, and 60 degrees C in the combination with a seed moisture content of 45%, reduced germination. After three months, the highest germination was detected in tall fescue harvested at seed moisture of 25% and dried at 50 degrees C. Furthermore, the greatest germination in red fescue and cocksfoot was determined in seeds harvested with the moisture content of 35% and dried at 50 degrees C. After eight months, the highest germination in tall and red fescue were determined in seeds harvested with the moisture content of 25% and dried at 40-50 degrees C, while corresponding values in cocksfoot amounted to 25% and 22-30 degrees C, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was established between seed germination and seedling vigour
