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Molecular and morphological variability within the Aphidius colemani group with redescription of Aphidius platensis Brethes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
No full textWe have identified the following three taxa related to the Aphidius colemani species group, which are important biological control agents: Aphidius colemani, Aphidius transcaspicus and Aphidius platensis. Using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and geometric morphometric analysis of the forewing shape, we have explored the genetic structure and morphological variability of the A. colemani group from different aphid host/plant associations covering a wide distribution area. The topology of the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees were identical with 98-100% bootstrap support, clustering A. colemani, A. platensis and A. transcaspicus into separate species. The distances among the taxa ranged from 2.2 to 4.7%, which is a common rate for the between-species divergence within the subfamily Aphidiinae. Differences in the shape of the forewing investigated within the biotypes of A. colemani group are congruent with their genetic diversification. Both A. platensis and A. colemani share a common host range pattern, and it would be interesting to estimate and compare the role of these two species in future biological control strategies against aphids of economic importance. Our results indicate that 'genetic screening' is a reliable approach for identification within the A. colemani group. The high variation in the wing shape among species, including a significant divergence in the wing shape among specimens that emerged from different hosts, makes the forewing shape and wing venation less reliable for species determination. Aphidius platensis is diagnostified and redescribed, and the key for the A. colemani group is presented
Promene u zastupljenosti i pokrovnosti invazivnih korovskih vrsta na području Pančevačkog rita tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda
No full textThe number of invasive species is increasing worldwide, and certain habitats, such as ruderal areas, are especially susceptible to invasion, highlighting the practical importance of ruderal flora and vegetation research. The aim of this research was to analyze ruderal flora of the Pančevački rit area, after a ten-year period, in order to ascertain the emergence of new and spread dynamics of already present invasive species. Field research was carried out in the area of Glogonjski rit, Padinska Skela and Kovilovo, followed by a comparison of the data gathered with the results of the previous research, done during the 1999-2002 period. The results confirmed the presence of potentially, sporadically and highly invasive plants in the area studied. The increase in the number of records was registered for the species: Amorpha fruticosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cuscutta sp., Echinocystis lobata and Veronica persica. The results have also shown changes in the cover of species A. fruticosa, A. retroflexus and Sorghum halepense. A presence of two so far, on this area, unregistered invasive species: Ailanthus altissima and Eleusine indica, was also confirmed.Broj invazivnih vrsta je u porastu širom sveta, a pojedini tipovi staništa, poput ruderalnih, su posebno podložni invaziji, dajući veliki praktični značaj istraživanjima ruderalne flore i vegetacije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bila je analiza ruderalne flore na području Pančevačkog rita, po isteku perioda od 10 godina, kako bi se utvrdila pojava novih i dinamika širenja postojećih invazivnih vrsta. Terenska istraživanja obavljena su na lokalitetima Glogonjski rit, Padinska Skela i Kovilovo, uz poređenje dobijenih podataka sa rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja iz perioda 1999-2002. godine. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju prisustvo potencijalno, sporadično i jako invazivnih biljnih vrsta na istraživanom području. Povećanje broja nalaza zabeleženo je kod vrsta: Amorpha fruticosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cuscutta sp., Echinocystis lobata i Veronica persica. Rezultati su pokazali i promene u pokrovnosti kod vrsta: A. fruticosa, A. retroflexus i Sorghum halepense. Takođe, tokom istraživanja zabeleženo je prisustvo dve do sada, na ovim tačkama, nezabeležene invazivne vrste: Ailanthus altissima i Eleusine indica
Dve nove cistolike nematode kukuruza u Evropi
No full textTwo newly introduced cyst nematodes in Europe - Heterodera zeae and H. elachista are recently added to the EPPO Alert List and it is presumed that they can cause long-term damage because they can persist in soil for many years. The former nematode is present from 2012 while the latter is from 2014 in the EPPO Alert List. In our country they can be harmful as well, because maize is dominant crop that is grown on more than 1 million hectares and the nematodes are reported almost in our neighborhoods: Greece, Portugal and Italy.Dve novo-introdukovane cistolike nematode - Heterodera zeae i H. elachista u Evropi su skoro stavljene na EPPO listu upozorenja, jer se pretpostavlja da, kao i ostale cistolike nematode, mogu da izazovu dugoročne štete, s obzirom na činjenicu da u zemljištu mogu da opstanu dugi niz godina. Prva nematoda je od 2012, a druga od 2014. godine na EPPO Alert Listi. Smatra se da bi mogle da izazovu značajne štete i kod nas, jer je kukuruz dominantna kultura koja se gaji na preko milion hektara, a nalazi ovih nematoda u Evropi su praktično u našem susedstvu: Grčkoj, Portugaliji, odnosno Italiji
Morfo-fiziološka proučavanja izolata Alternaria spp. poreklom sa celera
No full textGenus Alternaria represents one of the most important pathogens of Apiaceae family. Alternariose symptoms may develop on foliage causing leaf spot, necrosis and eventually drying and black root. Celery plants with characteristic symptoms were collected during 2012 and 2013 in Serbia. The preliminary identification was done by analysis of morphological characteristics of conidia. After identification cultural characteristics, growth rate and spore morphology were examined and compared based on influence of ecological factors such as nutrient medium, temperature, pH value of the medium and light quality.Vrste roda Alternaria predstavljaju jedne od najznačajnijih gljiva patogena familije Apiaceae. Promene koje izazivaju na biljkama domaćinima su mrka trulež korena, pegavost lišća, sušenje listova i lisnih preteljki. Tokom 2012. i 2013. godine na teritoriji Srbije, prikupljeni su uzorci celera sa karakterističnim simptomima pegavosti lišća i sušenja listova. Identifikacija izolata je izvršena analizom morfoloških karakteristika spora gljive. Nakon identifikacije izvršena su uporedna proučavanja uticaja različitih hranljivih podloga, temperatura, pH vrednosti podloga i kvaliteta svetlosti na morfološke karakteristike izolata, porast kolonija i morfologiju spora
In vitro efekat kalcijumovih soli na gljivične skladišne patogene
No full textIn the recent years, several studies have shown that calcium salts may have potential as environmentally compatible, nontoxic fungicides for controlling postharvest fungal pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide on in vitro mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube growth of Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium expansum. The obtained results showed that the fungal isolates grew similarly or stimulated in the presence of 1 and 1.5% calcium salts compared to the control. After seven days of incubation, reduction of mycelial growth was observed only on PDA supplemented with 2% calcium salts. Calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide at 1.5% and 2.0% concentrations significantly decreased spore germination and germ tube growth of all fungal isolates. The results of this study show that the tested calcium salts can be used as a alternative treatment against postharvest fungal pathogens C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, A. alternata and P. expansum.Tokom poslednjih nekoliko godina, više studija je pokazalo da u kontroli gljivičnih skladišnih patogena soli kalcijuma mogu imati potencijal kao ekološki kompatibilni, netoksični fungicidi. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio da se u in vitro uslovima procene i uporede efekti kalcijum hlorida i kalcijum hidroksida na porast micelije, klijavost konidija i rast klicine cevi gljiva C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, A. alternata, i P. expansum. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je u prisustvu 1 i 1,5% kalcijumovih soli porast izolata gljiva u tretmanima sličan ili povećan u odnosu na kontrolu. Nakon 7 dana inkubacije, redukcija porasta micelije je utvđena samo na PDA podlozi sa 2% soli kalcijuma. Kalcijum hlorid i kalcijum hidroksid u koncentracijama od 1,5 i 2,0% značajno smanjuju klijavost konidija i rast klicinih cevi svih ispitivanih izolata gljiva. Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da se testirane soli kalcijuma mogu primeniti kao alternativni tretman u kontroli gljivičnih skladišnih patogena, C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, A. alternata i P. expansum
A method for the rapid detection and identification of halo blight pathogen on common bean
No full textA diagnostic method based on nested-PCR, followed by ELISA and conventional bacteriology tests, for the rapid and reliable detection of halo blight pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp) collected from infected bean leaves and seeds is described. Psp formed white, small and flat colonies on nutrient agar medium, creamy white, flat and circular on Milk-Tween agar medium and light yellow, convex and shiny on modified sucrose peptone agar medium. Eighteen Gram-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative strains were subjected to nested PCR with primers P 5.1/P 3.1 and P 5.2/P 3.2, which directed the amplification of the 450 bp target DNA fragment in all tested strains. According to the results of DAS-and PTA-ELISA with respect to reactivity to specific antibodies, all analyzed strains belonged to Psp bacterium. Pathogenicity was tested on bean pods and cotyledon leaves, on which greasy spots were formed. Psp did not cause hypersensitive reaction on the leaves of tobacco and geranium. Strains produced levan, fluorescent pigment, oxidative metabolism of glucose, did not reduce nitrate, did not produce indole and H2S, did not hydrolyze starch, gelatin and esculin; they produced acid from glucose, mannose, sucrose and glycerol, and did not produce acid from maltose, starch, esculin, dulcite, sorbitol, inositol and erythritol.This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction: [http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS150609074E
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum - prouzrokovač vlažne truleži brokolija u Srbiji
No full textSoft rot symptoms were observed on broccoli plants in several commercial fields in the western part of Serbia. Six strains of bacteria were isolated from diseased tissues and identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum using conventional bacteriological and molecular methods. All strains were non-fluorescent, gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, causing soft rot on potato and carrot slices and did not induce hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves. They grew in 5% NaCl and at 37C, did not produce acid from α-methyl glucoside, sorbitol and maltose, nor reducing substances from sucrose, but utilized lactose and trehalose, and did not produce indole or lecithinase. The investigated strains showed characteristic growth on Logan's medium and did not produce blue pigmented indigoidine on GYCA medium nor 'fried egg' colonies on PDA. The identity of strains was confirmed by ITS-PCR and ITS-RFLP analyses and by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. In a pathogenicity assay, all strains caused tissue discoloration and soft rot development on inoculated broccoli head tissue fragments.Simptomi vlažne truleži brokolija uočeni su u nekoliko komercijalnih zasada u zapadnoj Srbiji. Sojevi bakterija izolovani su iz obolelog biljnog tkiva i identifikovani kao Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum korišćenjem konvencionalnih bakterioloških i novijih molekularnih metoda. Svi proučavani sojevi bili su nefluorescentni, Gram-negativni, fakultativno-anaerobni, oksidaza i lecitinaza negativni, katalaza pozitivni, prouzrokujući vlažnu trulež cvetnih drški brokolija, kriški krompira i kriški mrkve, ali nisu indukovali hipersenzitivnu reakciju duvana. Svi sojevi razvijaju se pri 37C i u prisustvu 5% NaCl, ne proizvode kiselinu iz α-metil glukozida, sorbitola i maloze, niti redukujuće supstance iz saharoze, ali razlažu laktozu i trehalozu, i ne stvaraju indol. Proučavani sojevi ispoljili su karakterističan razvoj na Loganovoj diferencijalnoj podlozi, i nisu proizvodili plavi pigment na GYCA podlozi niti 'fried egg' kolonije na PDA podlozi. Identifikacija sojeva potvrđena je korišćenjem ITS-PCR i ITS-RFLP, kao i analizom sekvenci 16S rRNA gena. Prilikom izvođenja testa patogenosti, svi sojevi prouzrokovali su obezbojavanje tkiva i vlažnu trulež cvetnih drški brokolija
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Siptera: Srosophilidae) - nova invazivna vrsta u Srbiji
No full textDuring October and November 2014, a survey was conducted in order to establish the presence of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) on the territory of Serbia. Survey revealed the presence of this fly in four districts (Rasinski, Mačvanski, Raški and Pčinjski), in sampled raspberry and blackberry ripe fruits, as well as in common fig and grape. Collected fruits were used for the rearing of Drosophilid larvae to adults, which were subsequently subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. The presence of D. suzukii was confirmed in all surveyed districts, as well as in Zemun (City of Belgrade). This is the first report of the highly invasive fruit pest D. suzukii on the territory of Serbia.Tokom oktobra i novembra 2014. godine, sprovedena su istraživanja u cilju utvrđivanja prisustva i rasprostranjenja invazivne štetočine Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) na teritoriji Srbije. Prisustvo ove mušice je utvrđeno u okviru četiri okruga (Rasinski, Mačvanski, Raški, Pčinjski), u uzorkovanim plodovima maline, kupine, smokve i grožđa. Iz plodova su odgajene Drozofilidne larve do adulta koji su zatim analizirani morfološki i molekularno. Prisustvo D. suzukii je utvrđeno na svim lokalitetima u okviru četiri okruga, kao i na teritoriji grada Beograda (Zemun). Ovo je prvi nalaz invazivne štetočine voća D. suzukii na teritoriji Srbije