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First Report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' Infecting Garden Bean Phaseolus vulgaris in Serbia
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Occurrence of Acidovorax citrulli Causing Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon in Serbia
No full textMikopopulacija različitih genotipova grahorice u Srbiji
No full textVetch (Vicia sativa L.) is annual plant from the legume family (Fabaceae) and originates from the temperate zone of Europe and Asia. It has a special place in the provision of animal feed (fodder) in the zone of moderate climate. It belongs to high-quality protein fodder plants. There has not been a systematic research of vetch mycoflora in Serbia. This research aims to present the results of preliminary research of mycopopulation of 15 different genotypes of vetch. Total of 600 plant parts has been examined and 9 genera of fungi were isolated: Fusarium, Phythophthora, Rhizoctonia, Phoma, Verticillium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, Botrytis and Ascochyta. On the plants from which the fungi were isolated, there were macroscopically clearly visible symptoms of infection.Grahorica (Vicia sativa L.) je jednogodišnja biljka iz porodice mahunarki (Fabaceae). Potiče iz umerenog klimatskog pojasa Evrope i Azije. Ima posebno mesto u obezbeđenju kabaste stočne hrane (krme) u zoni umerenog klimata. Pripada visokokvalitetnim proteinskim krmnim biljkama. Sistematskih istraživanja mikoflore grahorice u Srbiji do sada nije bilo. U ovome radu iznosimo rezultate preliminarnih istraživanja mikopopulacije 15 različitih genotipova grahorice. Ukupno je pregledano 600 biljnih delova sa kojih je izolovano 9 rodova gljiva: Fusarium, Phythophthora, Rhizoctonia, Phoma, Verticillium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, Botrytis i Ascochyta. Na biljkama iz kojih su izolovane gljive bili su jasno vidljivi makroskopski simptomi zaraze
Molecular assessment of genetic diversity of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis strains from Serbia by various DNA fingerprinting techniques
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of X. arboricola pv. juglandis strains in Serbia. This bacterium is the causal agent of walnut blight and is also associated with apical necrosis of immature walnut fruits. Although walnut blight is long known and widespread in Serbia, a systematic strain diversity study of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis strains from different regions in Serbia has not been performed. The objectives of this work were to examine the molecular diversity and its possible biological significance of 59 isolates of X. arboricola pv. juglandis collected from different geographic locations in Serbia. Genomic variability was assessed by using repetitive PCR, SpeI macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNAs by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and partial sequencing of the gyrB gene. Molecular analyses showed substantial genetic diversity among strains and existence of diverse populations of X. arboricola pv. juglandis in Serbia
Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Response to Nicosulfuron
No full textThe response of two populations (CC1, 43.59 degrees N & 20.40 degrees E; CC2, 44.46 degrees N & 20.17 degrees E) of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) to nicosulfuron was investigated both in field experiments and in the laboratory. Population CC1 had no history of treatment with any herbicide, while population CC2 was treated with ALS inhibitor herbicides for six consecutive years. In the field, plants were treated post-emergence with nicosulfuron (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g ai ha(-1)) at four true leaves. Visual injury estimation and vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight, leaf area) were recorded about month after herbicide application. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity in response to herbicide concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mu M was determined in vitro. GR(50) values for vegetative parameters and 150 values for ALS activity were slightly greater for the CC2 than for the CC1 population, but the results confirmed that neither population was susceptible to nicosulfuron. Namely, based on results for fresh weight, the population CC1 was about 3.9 and 2.6-fold more susceptible CO nicosulfuron than population CC2 in two consecutive years, but differences were not so prominent for other parameters (plant height, leaf area and ALS activity), ranging from 1.18 to 1.8-fold. The differences between population CC1 and CC2 could be attributed to inter-population variability in susceptibility CO nicosulfuron or could be the consequence of repeated application of ALS herbicides to the CC2 population during the six previous years. Future investigations are necessary in order to clarify this dilemma
Bakterioze krompira - crna trulež prizemnog dela stabla ('crna noga') i vlažna trulež krtola krompira
No full textBacterial diseases are very common in potato crops, especially when weather conditions are favourable for the emergence and spread of infection. Bacteria belonging to the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera, the causal agents of the blackleg and tuber soft rot of potato, are economically important pathogens that affect potato production worldwide, as well as in our country. According to recent classification, pectolytic bacteria, the pathogens of potato, have been differentiated as Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, P. wasabiae and several Dickeya spp. The disease occurs on potato plants and tubers in the field, or during potato storage or transportation, thereby reducing yield and quality. The aim of this paper is to point to the distribution and economic importance of the blackleg and tuber soft rot of potato, as well as the characteristics of the pathogens. Information about symptoms and epidemiology of the disease are important for an accurate disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, contributing to the timely and successful protection strategy.Oboljenja bakteriozne prirode veoma su česta u usevima krompira, posebno kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju nastanku i širenju infekcije. Među ekonomski značajnim bakterijama koje ugrožavaju proizvodnju krompira u svetu i u našoj zemlji, izdvajaju se prouzrokovači crne truleži prizemnog dela stabla ('crna noga') i vlažne truleži krtola krompira, pripadnici rodova Pectobacterium i Dickeya. Prema najnovijoj klasifikaciji, pektolitičke bakterije, patogeni krompira, diferencirane su u vrste Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, P. wasabiae i nekoliko Dickeya spp. Bolest se može pojaviti na biljkama i krtolama u polju ili na krtolama tokom transporta i u skladištu, umanjujući prinos useva i kvalitet krtola. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikaže rasprostranjenost i ekonomski značaj crne truleži prizemnog dela stabla i vlažne truleži krtola krompira, kao i osnovne karakteristike patogena. Poznavanje simptomatologije i epidemiologije oboljenja je od posebnog značaja za pravilnu dijagnozu oboljenja i identifikaciju patogena, što doprinosi pravovremenoj i uspešnoj zaštiti
Fitohormoni, regulatori rastenja biljaka i inhibitori sinteze ili dejstva fitohormona kao agrohemikalije
No full textU radu je dat pregled razvoja istraživanja fitohormona i drugih agrohemikalija, kao herbicida, ali i drugih pesticida, pa i đubriva. Opisan je njihov primarni mehanizam dejstva, ali i nuz-efekti u smislu njihovog uticaja na biljke kao fitohormona, regulatora rastenja ili njihovih inhibitora. Takođe su date sugestije u cilju daljih istraživanja ove teme, jedne od najstarijih u agrotehnici i zaštiti bilja
Lymphocytes' 'last stand' on the nuclear matrix after whole body exposure of rats to low-let ionizing radiation
No full textWe examined the functions of the rat lymphocyte nuclear matrix after a single exposure to total body irradiation with doses ranging from sublethal to lethal. Irradiation induced systemic oxidative stress, detected as increased activities of serum SOD and catalase, lymphocyte DNA damage, detected by the Comet assay, and apoptosis. After irradiation with lower doses, the recruitment of DNA repair centers on the matrix was observed by Western analysis as increased levels of matrix-associated PARP-1, p53 and PCNA. Augmented partitioning of the pro-survival transcription factor NF-kappa B on the matrix was also detected after irradiation. Exposure to a lethal dose caused breakdown of the matrix, observed as lamin B cleavage, and of the matrix-associated DNA repair centers, detected as caspase-mediated PARP-1 proteolysis and loss of protein associations with the matrix. These findings suggest that the nuclear matrix establishes functional interactions in a defensive mechanism, integrated in a decision-making process that resolves cell fate
Biologija i štetnost mušice kupusne ljuske (Dasineura brassicae Winn.) na ozimoj uljanoj repici
No full textThe Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae Winn.) is an important pest in oilseed rape (Brasica napus L.). It develops two generations per year and overwinters in the larval stage in cocoons in soil. Immigration of the first generation adults lasted from the beginning of April until the end of May. Larvae developed in pods from mid-April to mid-June, causing pod deformation and cracking, which resulted in premature falling out of seeds and yield reduction. Pod damage amounted to 11.6%. The emergence of the second generation adults was detected at the end of May and in the first ten days of June. D. brassicae was found to lay eggs in healthy pods and no correlation was found with the cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull.Mušica kupusne ljuske, D. brassicae (Winn.) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), je značajna štetočina uljane repice (Brasica napus L.). Tokom 2011. godine, na uljanoj repici, na lokalitetu Stari Žednik, kao i 2011/12. godine, na ozimoj pšenici koja je u plodoredu sa uljanom repicom, praćena je biologija i štetnost ove vrste. U toku godine D. brassicae razvija dve generacije, a prezimljava kao larva u kokonu u zemljištu. Imigracija imaga prve generacije je dosta razvučena i traje od početka aprila do kraja maja. Dug period imigracije uslovio je prisustvo larvi u ljuskama od sredine aprila do sredine juna. Infestirane mahune se deformišu i pucaju, semenke ispadaju, što ima za posledicu smanjenje prinosa uljane repice. Oštećenost ljuski iznosi 11,6%. Eklozija imaga druge generacije je registrovana krajem maja i u prvoj dekadi juna. Tokom istraživanja utvrđeno je D. brassicae polaže jaja u zdrave mahune i da nema korelacije sa Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk