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Molecular characterization of potato virus Y inducing potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease in Serbia
No full textThe Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most important limiting factor for potato seed production in Serbia. Currently, PVY is a major concern for the potato seed growers. Initially, serological (ELISA) tests were carried out on 100 potato seed tubers from each of the seven potato cv. during 2013. The infection rates with the PVYN was between 5 and 36%. A complete genome sequencing of the most common Serbian isolate of PVY (3D), followed by molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis has been performed to show what group it belongs to. Our isolate's complete genome sequence (KJ946936) showed that the Serbian PVY isolate (3D) is 99.7% identical at nt level, with other tuber necrosis strain group (PVYNTN) from Europe. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three consistent lineages of isolates, showing that our isolate was clustered with the isolates from Europe and North America in the PVYN lineage which induces potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). The Serbian isolate of PVYNTN together with the isolates from Europe was clustered in the branch of European sublineage, with a high bootstrap support and no genetic diversity. This is the first study in Serbia demonstrating phylogenetic distinction between our isolate and other isolates of PVY
Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia
No full textAnise (Pimpinella anzsum L.) is an important medicinal spice plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Anise seeds are rich in essential oils and this is a reason why anise production in Serbia has increased over the last decade. During a routine health inspection on anise seeds collected from three localities in the province of Vojvodina (Mogorin, Veliki Radinci and Ostojkevo) during 2012 and 2013, it was found out that Fusarium spp. were a commonly observed fungi. The presence of Fusarium fungi on the seed samples ranged from 3.75-13.75%. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the strains of Fusarium species present on anise seed samples as it is necessary that commercially used anise seeds are completely free of Fusarium. Based on morphological, microscopic characteristics and a molecular identification by sequencing of TEF gene, the presence of the following species was confirmed on the anise seeds: F. trzeinctum, F. proliferatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. sperotrzchozcles, F. incarnatum and F. verttallzoteles. According to our knowledge and research, this is the first report of F. trianctum and F. sporotrichoi des as pathogens on anise seeds in the world. All seven isolates of Fusarium species are pathogenic to the anise seedlings, while the most virulent species were F. oxysporum, F. tricznetum and F. incarnation
Bacterial antagonists Bacillus sp Q3 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Q16 capable to control wheat powdery mildew in wheat
No full textThis paper outlines effects of the usage of two plant growth promoting (PGP) strains: Bacillus sp. strain Q3 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain Q16 trough vegetative experiments, performed in semi-controlled conditions on acid soils (Lessivated Cambisols). The studied parameters were chemical properties of soil and PGP effects of strains and their mixture on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars - NS 40S and CCB Ingenio. The seeds treatments with Q3 reduced the occurrence of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici natural infection only on CCB Ingenio (46.1%). The additional foliar treatment with Q3 decreased disease incidence (DI) 76.22% (CCB Ingenio) and 75.87% (NS 40S). Reduced initial DI of 77% caused Q16 solely or mixed with Q3 on cv. NS 40S and additional foliar treatment reduced DI to 16.30% (CCB Ingenio) and to 6.35% (NS 40S). The mixture of strains decreased DI to 14.69% (CCB Ingenio) and to 6.09% (NS 40S). Despite the effects of applied strains on wheat growth were affected by limited production capacity of soil and the extreme climatic conditions, SDW of inoculated cultivars were increased by 17-39% (NS 40S) and 35-43% (CCB Ingenio). The N increment ranged from 59% (Q3) to 152% (Q16) for cv. CCB Ingenio. Finding that the seeds treatments improved the plant biomass and N content (Q16) and decreased powdery mildew DI, we can recommended application of Q16 strain as biofertilizer for both wheat cultivars. Depending on wheat cultivar, the additional foliar treatments to prevent powdery mildew infection will be set up for further trial
Yield and morpnological traits in alfalfa varieties of different origin
No full textThe study was conducted to examine variability of green forage yield (GFY) and morphological traits (tiller length, internodes length, internodes-stem diameter, leaf width and length) in nine alfalfa varieties from USA and six varieties from Europe. The trials were carried out in Central Serbia during the second (2006-A1) and third year (2007-A2) of alfalfa exploitation. In unfavourable environmental conditions (A1), varieties from the USA had higher coefficient of variability (CV, %) in all cuttings (I CV= 16.93, II CV= 17.13, III CV=13.00, IV CV=21.29), as well as total yield variability (CV=14.33), compared to varieties from Europe (I CV=7.45, II CV=6.47, III CV= 10.65, IV CV= 19.51, for total yield CV=6.43). In the favourable agro-ecological conditions (A2) genetic potential of varieties was manifested, which caused similar yield variability. Variety origin (USA or Europe) had a low effect on variability of the morphological traits. The highest correlation (P lt = 0.001) was achieved between yield and tiller length, regardless of variety origin
Genetic diversity of tumorigenic bacteria associated with crown gall disease of raspberry in Serbia
No full textDuring the last 3 years, crown gall disease was observed in some young raspberry plantations throughout Serbia, causing considerable economic losses. Based on biochemical and physiological tests, PCR targeting the 23S rRNA gene, and 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence analysis, at least two different species were identified as causal agents of disease. Out of 14 strains isolated from raspberry tumors, 12 were identified as tumorigenic Rhizobium rhizogenes, one belonged to Agrobacterium tumefaciens genomic species G8, while the remaining strain formed a separate phylogenetic lineage within A. tumefaciens species complex, different from all known genomic species. All strains investigated harbored nopaline-type of Ti plasmid and showed identical pathogenic properties by inoculating several test plants. However, they were divided into two genetic groups based on PCR-RFLP analysis of Ti plasmid virA-virB2 region. Furthermore, total of nine unique ERIC-PCR profiles were identified among the strains studied. Although strains of R. rhizogenes exhibited similar ERIC-PCR profiles, they were differentiated into six distinct genetic groups. Based on the fact that some genetic groups were composed of strains originating from different geographic areas, it can be assumed that they have a common origin and were probably disseminated by movement of infected plant material
First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp cicla) Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in Serbia
No full textEfikasnost pri doradi semena lucerke različite čistoće
No full textThe work was carried out analysis of the impact of the initial purity of raw alfalfa seed on the resulting amount of processed seed in the processing. Alfalfa is very important perennial forage legume which is used for fodder and seed production. Alfalfa seed is possible to achieve high yields and very good financial effects. To obtain the seed material with good characteristics complex machines for cleaning and sorting seeds are used. In the processing center of the Institute for forage crops in Kruševac, alfalfa seed with different initial purity are processed. It is very important that the difference between the amounts of pure seed from laboratory assessment and the actual amount after processing, are low. The six parties of natural seeds of different purity in the range of 74 % to 77.1 % were processed. Also, after each stage of treatment, losses of seeds were measured and seed rate obtained at the end of the processing.U radu je obavljena analiza uticaja početne čistoće naturalnog semena lucerke na dobijenu količinu dorađenog semena pri procesu dorade. Lucerka je veoma značajna višegodišnja krmna leguminoza koja se osim za krmu koristi i za proizvodnju semena. Gajenjem lucerke za seme, uz odgovarajuću tehnologiju moguće je ostvariti visoke prinose i veoma dobre finansijske efekte jer je seme lucerke kurentna roba na tržištu. U doradnom centru Instituta za krmno bilje u Kruševcu dorađivano je naturalno seme lucerke različitih početnih čistoća. Zadatak dorade je da se seme pripremi za setvu, klijanje i nicanje, kao i čuvanje u skladištima do momenta setve. Proces dorade se izvodi na više mašina za doradu, što podrazumeva različite postupke koji se odvijaju u sukcesivnom nizu što zavisi od ulazne čistoće semena. Pri doradi semena lucerke veoma je važno da razlika između količine čistog semena koja se laboratorijski proceni i stvarne količine dobijenog semena u pogonu za dorado bude što manja. U procesu dorade semena sitnozrnih leguminoza, visina randmana semena direktno zavisi od procenta korovskih vrsta i ostalih primesa u naturalnom semenu. Seme visoke čistoće, sa malim procentom štetnih korova koji otežavaju i poskupljuju proizvodnju, dovodi i do visokog randmana. Pri doradi semena lucerke naturalna čistoća semena zavisi od stanja useva i procesa žetve. Dorađivano je šest partija naturalnog semena različite čistoće u intervalu od 74% do 77,1%. Takođe su, posle svake etape dorade, određivani gubici semena, kao i dobijena količina semena na kraju procesa dorade
Bakteriozna mrljavost plodova lubenice u Srbiji
No full textDuring the summer of 2014, watermelon producers in the north of Serbia (Srem district), observed the occurrence of irregularly shaped, water-soaked lesions on mature watermelon fruits indicating possible bacterial nature of the disease. Bacteria were isolated from symptomatic samples and identified as Acidovorax citrulli, previously described as a causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch. In the past few years, this pathogen caused considerable damage to the watermelon industry of the United States where, in some commercial production sectors, the loss of marketable fruit reached 90%. In Serbia, it is considered a quarantine pathogen and was not recorded until 2014.U leto 2014. godine, proizvođači lubenice iz sremskog okruga uočili su pojavu simptoma u vidu pega vodenastog izgleda i nepravilnog oblika na zrelim plodovima lubenice, koji su ukazivali na oboljenje bakteriozne prirode. Izolacijom i identifikacijom patogena, utvrđeno je prisustvo bakterije Acidovorax citrulli, prouzrokovača bakteriozne mrljavosti plodova lubenice. Ova vrsta je u skorije vreme dosta dobila na značaju, posebno zbog gubitaka u proizvodnji koji su u pojedinim oblastima Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (SAD) dostizali i 90% od ukupnog prinosa. U Srbiji A. citrulli ima karantinski status i nalazi se na A1 listi Evropske i mediteranske organizacije za zaštitu bilja (EPPO)
Polyphenolic Profile of Maize Seedlings Treated with 24-Epibrassinolide
No full textHigh-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with image analysis and pattern recognition methods were used for fingerprinting of phenolic compounds present in seedlings of two maize genotypes ZP 434 (new generation hybrid, drought tolerant) and ZP 704 (older generation hybrid, drought sensitive) treated with different concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide. This is the first report of TLC chromatographic profile of phenolics' mixtures in maize seed extracts influenced by brassinosteroid phytohormones. Nine samples of shoot of seedlings for the whole concentration range of phytohormones (5.2 x 10(-7) -5.2 x 10(-15) M), one sample of root of seedlings treated with 5.2 x 10(-15) M 24-epibrassinolide, and the control samples of nontreated seedlings, for both genotypes, were analyzed. Phenolic profiles of root extracts indicate the absence of more polar compounds such as phenolic acids and glycosides present in shoot of seedlings. Also, hormones applied in higher concentrations have an inhibiting effect on the content of phenolics in ZP 434. Application of chemometric methods enables characterization of particular genotype of maize according to its phenolic profile
Monitoring Erwinia amylovora u Crnoj Gori
No full textRecent studies of Erwinia amylovora in Montenegro, conducted from 2012 to 2014, indicated that the bacterium was widespread in the northern, continental part of the country, where the most important fruit-growing regions are situated. The presence of the bacterium was confirmed on quince, pear, apple, medlar and hawthorn. Pathogenic, cultural and biochemical characteristics of E. amylovora strains sampled from pome fruit species and indigenous flora in Montenegro had been studied previously. In the present study, serological tests were used for identification of E. amylovora strains originating from pome fruit trees and indigenous plants. Monitoring of E. amylovora and collection of samples with symptoms of bacterial fire blight from different hosts and locations were performed in Montenegro from 2012 to 2014. Isolation of the bacterium on nutrient medium produced a large number of isolates, whose pathogenicity was confirmed on immature pear fruits. Twenty-seven strains of the bacterium, originating from three pome fruit species (quince, pear and apple) and one indigenous species (hawthorn) were selected for serological analyses. Two applied serological methods, ELISA and IF test, enabled rapid detection of the bacterium and simultaneous examination of a large number of samples over a short period of time. Serological analyses showed high homogeneity in antigenic structure of the studied E. amylovora strains sampled from quince, pear, apple and hawthorn from nine locations in Montenegro.Novija proučavanja Erwinia amylovora u Crnoj Gori, sprovedena u periodu od 2012 do 2014. godine, pokazuju da je ova bakterija široko rasprostranjena u severnom, kontinentalnom delu zemlje, gde se nalaze i najznačajniji voćarski regioni. Prisustvo bakterije potvrđeno je na dunji, krušci, jabuci, mušmuli i glogu. U prethodnim istraživanjima proučene su patogene, odgajivačke i biohemijske odlike sojeva E. amylovora poreklom sa jabučastih voćnih vrsta i biljaka spontane flore u Crnoj Gori. U ovom radu primenjeni su serološki testovi u identifikaciji sojeva E. amylovora poreklom sa jabučastih voćaka i biljaka spontane flore. Monitoring E. amylovora i sakupljanje uzoraka sa simptomima bakteriozne plamenjače izvršeno je u periodu od 2012 do 2014. godine, sa različitih domaćina i lokaliteta u Crnoj Gori. Izolacijom bakterije na hranljive podloge dobijen je veći broj izolata, čija je patogenost potvrđena na zelenim plodovima kruške. Za serološke analize odabrano je 27 sojeva ove bakterije, poreklom sa tri jabučaste voćne vrste (dunja, kruška i jabuka) i jedne vrste iz spontane flore (glog). Primenjene su dve serološke metode: ELISA i IF test, koje su omogućile brzu detekciju bakterije i istovremeno ispitivanje velikog broja uzoraka za kratko vreme. Serološkim analizama utvrđena je visoka homogenost u antigenoj strukturi proučavanih sojeva E. amylovora poreklom sa dunje, kruške, jabuke i gloga, iz 9 lokaliteta u Crnoj Gori