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Uticaj načina čuvanja semena na klijavost i vigor klijanaca livadskog i visokog vijuka nakon pet godina
No full textIn our tests, the seeds were stored for five years at temperatures of 4 °C, 18 °C in a warehouse conditions (factor method of seed storage). Seed was stored at all temperatures in the paper, a cloth and plastic bags (factor package for seed storage). It was used the seed of meadow and tall fescue (factor species). For testing was used the three lots by both species (factor seed lots). At five years old seed germination was determined in accordance with the ISTA rules (on filter paper, and at temperature of 20 °C in the dark). Vigor was determined by measuring each seedling (root length cm, shoot length cm and biomass of seedlings g.). The factor method of seed storage and packaging factor was significantly acted in germination and vigor (P lt 0.05, P lt 0.01), which influenced to meet germination of seeds for placing on the market (germination gt 75 %). Other examined factors (species and lots) did not have significant effect on seed germination and seedling vigor after five years of storage.Livadski vijuk (Festuca pratensis Huds.) je značajna krmna vrsta koja se koristi uglavnom za smeše sa višegodišnjim krmnim leguminozama. Visoki vijuk je (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) je vrsta koja je veoma srodna livadskom vijuku koja se pored korišćenja sa krmnim leguminozama za proizvodnju kvalitetne krme, koristi i za zasnivanje travnjaka specijalnih namena takođe uglavnom u smeši sa odgovarajućim višegodišnjim leguminozama (parkovi, sportcki tereni, okućnice i sl.). U našim ispitivanjima seme je čuvano pet godina na temperaturama: 4oC, 18oC i u magacinskim uslovima (faktor način čuvanja semena). Seme je na svim temperaturama čuvano u papirnim, platnenim i plastičnim kesama (faktor anbalaža za čuvanje semena). Za ispitivanje je korišćeno seme po tri partije (faktor partija semena) od ispitivanih vrsta: livadckog, i visokog vijuka (faktot vrsta). Faktori način čuvanja semena, anbalaža u kojoj je seme čuvano i, vrsta kao i nihove interakcije su delovali značajno na klijavost i vigor klijanaca (P≤ 0,05, P≤ 0,01) što je i uticalo na zadovoljenje klijavosti za stavljanje semena u promet (klijavost gt 75%). Ostali, ispitivani faktor (partija) nije imao značajnog uticaja na klijavost semena i vigor klijanaca nakon pet godina čuvanja
Increase of soybean nutritional quality with nonstandard foliar fertilizers [Povećanje nutritivnog kvaliteta soje pomoću nestandardnih folijarnih đubriva]
No full textDeficiencies of mineral elements in human nutrition could be surpassed by crop fortification. One of the prevalent measures of fortification is foliar fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine the content and availability of the mineral nutrients Mg, Fe and Zn, together with phytate, as an anti-nutritive factor, and β-carotene as a promoter of mineral nutrient availability in grain of two soybean cultivars (Nena and Laura) treated with different non-standard foliar fertilizers (mainly based on plant extracts). Generally, a negative correlation between Fe and phytate indicated that factors which decrease phytate and increase β-carotene could be primarily responsible for Fe utilization by humans and animals. Zlatno inje (based on manure) had the highest impact on increasing the grain yield and decreasing the ratios between phytate and mineral elements in Nena grain, while for Laura, it was generally Zircon (based on an extract of Echinacea purpurea L), increasing also availability of mineral elements
Identification of Alfalfa cultivars application of molecular markers in the initial phases of development plants
No full textУ обављеним истраживањима процењена је варијабилност десетразличитих сората и партија луцерке. Оглед је изведен у акредитованимлабораторијама Института за заштиту биља и животну средину у Београду.Применом ISSR и RAPD молекуларних маркера извршено је груписање сроднихгенотипова луцерке, а конструисана филогенетска стабла су извршила груписањесората луцерке према генетичкој сродности у кластере. На гелу на коме се налазеразличите сорте луцерке са прајмером OPB 10, могу се уочити разлике измеђусората луцерке. Молекуларном методом ISSR и коришћењем прајмера (GACA)4 и(TGTC)4 потврђене су разлике између испитиваних сората луцерке.Генетичке дистанце између десет проучаваних генотипова луцерке креталесу се у интервалу од 0,097 до 0,310. У анализи главних координата прве и другеосе објасниле су укпно 63,1 % генетичке варијабилности садржане у оригиналномсету података. Груписање података на основу анализе главних координатапоказало је сличност и са моделом груписања на основу кластер анализе. Јасно семоже видети да је генотип Зајечарска 83 генетички најудаљенији од осталихпроучаваних генотипова луцерке. Анализом молекуларне варијансе у укупнојваријацији знатно веће варирање било је резултат диференцијације у оквиру група(98,22 %), него диференцијације између група (1,78 %).Применом теста убрзаног старења код десет различитих сората и партијалуцерке, утврђена је значајност између партија семена, као показатељ виталностисемена луцерке. Применом стандардног теста убрзаног старења на температуриод 41 oC након излагања семена у времену од 72 h на свим испитиваним сортама,било је могуће детектовати партије семена које су биле виталније од других.Примена теста убрзаног старења модификованом методом, на температуриод 45 oC у времену трајања од 120 h, утврђене су виталније партије семена кодсвих испитиваних сората луцерке. Испитивањем здравственог стања семена утврђена је толерантност премафитопатогеним микроорганизмима (гљивама) и утицај локалитета (партијесемена) на варијабилност патогена семена исте сорте. Утврђени микроорганизми(гљиве) на семену луцерке утицале су на смањење укупне клијавости семена, штоуказује негативна корелациона међузависност.The aims of the investigation were to estimate variability of ten differentcultivars and lots of alfalfa. The experiment was performed in accreditation laboratoriesof the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade. ISSR and RAPDmolecular markers were clustered closely related genotypes of alfalfa and constructedphylogenetic trees were performed grouping cultivar of alfalfa according to their geneticrelatedness in clusters. Gel that includes the different cultivars of alfalfa with a primerOPB 10, can spot the differences between cultivars of alfalfa. ISSR molecular methodand using primers (GACA) 4 and (TGTC) 4 confirmed the differences between thecultivars of alfalfa.Genetic distans between ten studied alfalfa genotypes were in the range of 0,097to 0,310. In the analysis of the main coordinates of the first and second axes are explain63,1 % genetic variation contained in the original data set. Group data based on analysisof the main coordinates showed similarity with the model of grouping based on clusteranalysis. We can clearly see that the genotype Zaječarska 83 genetically furthest fromthe other studied alfalfa genotypes. The analysis of molecular variance in total variationmuch greater variation was a result of differentiation within the group (98,22 %), butdifferentiation between groups (1,78 %).Applying the accelerated aging test in ten different cultivars and lots of alfalfa,determined significance between seed lots, as an indicator of the vitality of alfalfa seed.Using a standard accelerated aging test at a temperature of 41 ° C after exposure to theseed for a period of 72 h in all tested varieties, it is possible to detect the seed lots thatwere more vital than others. Application of accelerated aging by the modified methodand at a temperature of 45 ° C for the duration of 120 h, were determined vital seed lotin all the cultivars of alfalfa. Seed health testing determined tolerance to phytopathogenic microorganisms(fungi) and effect of the site (seed lot) on the variability of the pathogen seed of thesame variety. Fortified microorganisms (fungi) on seeds alfalfa resulted in the reductionof total seed germination, indicating a negative correlation interdependence
Bioremediation Potential Assessment of Plant Growth-Promoting Autochthonous Bacteria: a Lignite Mine Case Study
No full textCoal and lignite play a major energy supply role in many European countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yet mining activities are a heavy source of ecosystem contamination, posing significant environmental threats. The primary goal of this study was to isolate and identify autochthonous lignite mine spoil bacteria and evaluate their potential in bioremediation of these polluted soils. Two Bacillus species, Bacillus simplex and a Bacillus cereus group member, were identified using conventional, molecular, and bioinformatics approaches. This represents, to our knowledge, the first microbial characterization of mine overburden in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A co-inoculum of autochthonous bacterial populations was used to treat unvegetated as well as oat- and lettuce-vegetated lignite overburden samples. Our results illustrate the potential of recovered native species to enrich soil fertility and productivity through plant growth promotion
Antifungal activities of different essential oils against anise seeds mycopopulations
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of biological control of fungal species isolated from anise seeds using essential oils from medicinal plants: mint (Mentha spicata L.), sage (Salvia fruticosa L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare spp. piperituum L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Ten fungal species isolated from anise seeds: Bipolaris/Drechslera sorociniana, Fusarium subglutinans, F. vertricilioides, F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum, F sporotrichioides, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F proliferatum and Macrophomina phaseolina, were used in this experiment The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by micro-dilution method using selected essential oils (EOs). A qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses of EOs were carried out. All EOs exhibited a significant antifungal activity against all tested fungal isolates. The myrtle EO proved to be the most potent one (MIC 0.0003-3.25 mg/mL, then mint 0.0003-7.75 mg/mL and sage 0.0003-10 mg/mL). All tested fungi were observed to have a susceptibility to all selected essential oils. These results suggest the possibility for application of the EOs in biological control of anise production
Efficacy of biocontrol agents and bactericides in control of pepper bacterial spot
No full textBacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is considered one of the most important diseases of pepper in Serbia. In order to control this disease, copper based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide + mancozeb, copper oxychloride + mancozeb), antibiotics (streptomycin sulfate and kasugamycin), resistance inducer (acibenzolar-S-methyl), antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (strains QST 713 and AAac), bacteriophage (strain K Phi 1) and one commercial microbial fertilizer, were tested for efficacy and compared to untreated control. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and climatic chamber conditions. Plants were inoculated with X euvesicatoria strain KFB 13 (10(8) CFU mL(-1)) using hand-held sprayer. Results of three experiments showed that all treatments except microbiological fertilizer significantly reduced intensity of bacterial spot symptoms compared to the untreated control. The most efficient treatment was acibenzolar-S-methyl reducing disease severity 93-97%. There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy of this treatment and copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide + mancozeb, copper oxychloride + mancozeb, streptomycin sulfate, kasugamycin and antagonistic strain QST 713 treatments. Application of antagonistic strain AAac and bacteriophage K Phi 1 significantly reduced disease intensity but less than the first group of treatments. Bacteriophage K Phi 1 (78-85% rH) was more effective in the climatic chamber compared to the efficacy (38% rH) in the greenhouse experiments
Etiology of bacterial canker on young sweet cherry trees in Serbia
No full textBacterial canker of sweet cherries caused by Pseudomonas syringae was studied in the Vojvodina Province (region of Serbia) with the aim of better understanding disease etiology and epidemiology. During the last decade, bacterial canker has become a recurrent problem, especially in young plantations characterized by intensive production and lack of effective control measures. Among the 24 isolates collected from two localities (Selenc. a and Gornji Tavankut), classical bacteriology tests, pathogenicity, as well as genetic methods based on PCR for syrB gene and DNA sequencing with four housekeeping genes (MLSA), were performed allowing identification of 10 isolates as P. syringae pv. syringae and 14 isolates as P. syringae pv. morsprunorum race 1. In both pathovars, genetic groups were homogenous, confirming earlier research findings and contributing to the extant knowledge of its geographic distribution
Uticaj prisustva patogena na kvalitet semena različitih sorti lucerke
No full textOwing to its characteristics, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage plant in our country. The great importance of alfalfa is reflected in the production of high-quality fodder and alfalfa seeds, which are a valuable and competitive commodity on domestic and foreign markets. In this study, the presence of plant pathogenic genera of fungi on the seeds of five different alfalfa cultivars was investigated (Kruševačka 28, NS-Mediana, Zaječarska 83, Banjalučanka i Osječka-66) from three different lots (sites) of each cultivar. The detected phytopathogenic fungi on the alfalfa seeds caused a decrease in the overall germination, but the present research results indicate a satisfactory health status of all alfalfa cultivars and seed lots.Plava lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je zbog svih svojih osobina najvažnija krmna biljka u našoj zemlji. Veliki značaj lucerke se ogleda u proizvodnji kvalitetne kabaste hrane, ali je i seme lucerke vredna i tražena roba na domaćem i inostranom tržištu. Areal gajenja lucerke je na svim kontinentima u više od 80 zemalja, od umereno hladnog do tropskog pojasa. Široka geografska rasprostranjenost lucerke uslovljena je njenom velikom adaptabilnošću na različite klimatske i zemljišne uslove. U ovom radu je ispitivano prisustvo fitopatogenih rodova gljiva na semenu pet različite sorata lucerke (Kruševačka 28, NS-Mediana, Zaječarska 83, Banjalučanka i Osječka-66) sa po tri različite partije (lokaliteta) od svake sorte. Kod ispitivanih sorti identifkovani su sledeći rodovi gljiva: Alternaria spp.,Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. i Mucor spp. Prisustvo identifikovanih rodova gljiva bilo je u rasponu od 0 % do 15,5%. Rod Mucor spp. najmanju prosečnu vrednost imao je kod sorte lucerke K-28 (0,08%), dok je najveću prosečnu vrednost imao kod sorte Zaječarska 83 (8,67%), a takođe kod iste sorte konstatovano je najveće prisustvo od (15,5%) na lokalitetu Veliki Izvor. Najveće prosečno prisustvo roda Fusarium spp. zabeleženo je kod sorte Zaječarska 83 (0,25%). Na proučavanim sortama lucerke ispitani su korelacioni odnosi između parametara kvaliteta semena i prisustva patogena na semenu različitih sorata i partija lucerke. Negativna korelaciona međuzavisnost zabeležena je između ukupne klijavosti i prisustva gljive iz roda Fusarium spp. (r= - 0,415*). Detektovane fitopatogene gljive na semenu lucerke su uticale na smanjenje ukupne klijavosti, ali ipak rezultati ovih ispitivanja ukazuju na zadovoljavajuće zdravstveno stanje svih sorata i partija semena lucerke
Maize inbreds from different heterotic groups as favorable sources for increased potential bioavailability of magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc
No full textMalnutrition, as a global problem, is mainly caused by low level of mineral elements in staple food (deficient soil). Biofortification is based on selection of genotypes with enhanced concentration of mineral elements in grain, as well as decreased concentration of substances which interfere bioavailability of mineral elements in gut (like phytic acid), and increased content of substances that increase availability (such as beta-carotene). The experiment with 51 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with different heterotic background was set up in order to evaluate chemical composition of grain and to determine the relations between phytic acid (PA), beta-carotene, and mineral elements: Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The highest average phytate, beta-carotene, Fe, and Mn content was found in grain of inbreds from Lancaster heterotic group. The highest content of Mg was in grain of Independent source and Zn in grain of BSSS group. Increased level of Fe and Mn in Lancaster lines could be partially affected by higher PA content in grain, while increased beta-carotene content could improve Mn and Zn availability from grain of BSSS genotypes and Mg availability from Lancaster inbreds. It is important to underline that PA reduction is followed by Zn content increase in grain of Lancaster heterotic group, as well as that variations in Mg, Fe, and Mn contents are independent on PA status in inbreds from Independent source, indicating that the genotypes with higher Mg, Fe and Mn status from this group could serve as favorable source for improved Mg, Fe, and Mn absorption
Molecular Identification of Ground Beetles on Arable Land
No full textBased on the number of individuals and percentage of encounters in the studied areas, it is concluded that ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) stand out in comparison to other beetles, which is proved by the qualitative and quantitative composition of the collected fauna (51 species and 4,420 individuals) in the field of wheat, sugar beet and maize. Starting from the domination of geobiotic insects which spend most of their life in soil and manifest their imaginal activity on the surface of soil, the method of "Barber's traps" was applied. Within this family the dominant and subdominant species during research were Anchomenus dorsalis, Poecilus cupreus, Harpalus rufipes, Calosoma auropunctatum, Harpalu distinguendus and many others. 24 carabids species were determined using the COI mtDNA, i.e. 8 species which don't have reference sequence in the gene bank were determined and this contributes to the global bar-code database. The representatives of ground beetle family are of certain economic significance as well. They can appear as pests; on the other hand, they are known to be very beneficial i.e. as regulators of number of harmful insects as reported in numerous research papers of various authors