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Elucidation of 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' epidemiology through trac(k)ing transmission pathways using field, experimental and molecular data
No full textIs hyalesthes obsoletus a species complex undergoing cryptic speciation? More evidence of host-associated genetic differentiation in Southeast Europe
No full textEriophyid mite Aceria artemisiifoliae sp nov (Acari: Eriophyoidea) potential biological control agent of invasive common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) in Serbia
No full textCommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), is an annual harmful weed of North American origin, now widely distributed in Central and Southern Europe, Asia and Australia. It is an agricultural weed, but it represents a serious risk for human health because its pollen can cause severe allergies. Recently, in the framework of the EU-COST Action 'SMARTER', an European program was started with the aim to develop sustainable management strategies for ragweed in Europe, with a special emphasis in the search and selection of biological control agents. Among them, the record of a new eriophyid mite Aceria species in Serbia has been considered as potential important biological control candidate. This paper describes the species following both morphological and bio-molecular approaches, and is giving some preliminary data on the geographical distribution and on the biology of the eriophyid mite on its host plant
Molecular tracing of the transmission routes of bois noir in Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro and experimental evidence for the epidemiological role of Vitex agnus-castus (Lamiaceae) and associated Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae)
No full textEpidemiological aspects and transmission routes of bois noir (BN), a grapevine yellows disease induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', have been exhaustively studied in the affected vineyards of continental Europe but not in the Mediterranean coastal zone. Because Ca. Phytoplasma solani' and its principal vector Hyalesthes obsoletus presumably originate from the Mediterranean, gaining knowledge of the epidemiological peculiarities of the disease in this area is essential for understanding its global spread and diversification, as well as for designing local management strategies. In this study, molecular epidemiology was applied to trace transmission pathways of Ca. Phytoplasma solani' in the Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro, using multilocus sequence typing of tuf, vmp1 and stamp genes of the isolates associated with various hosts. Thus, Ca. Phytoplasma solani' was tracked from a tentative reservoir plant (inoculum source) through an associated vector population to the infected grapevine. Three pathways of transmission were documented, originating from Urtica dioica, Convolvulus arvensis and Vitex agnus-castus; however, only the route originating from U.dioica was direct, whereas the latter two were overlapping and could be intermixed. Vitex agnus-castus is a natural source of Ca. Phytoplasma solani', representing an important link in disease epidemiology in the Mediterranean and a possible origin of several genotypes occurring in central Europe. Experimental confirmation of the role of Vitex-associated H.obsoletus in BN transmission in Montenegrin vineyards indicates its tentative role as a vector in the wide area of the Mediterranean, where some of the major wine-producing regions are located
First Report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' Associated With Potato Stolbur Disease in Montenegro
No full textMorphology versus DNA barcoding: two sides of the same coin. A case study of Ceutorhynchus erysimi and C. contractus identification
No full textGenotyping of 2 well-known weevil species from the genus Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) distributed in west Palearctic, C. erysimi and C. contractus, revealed phenotype versus genotype inconsistencies in a set of 56 specimens (25 C. erysimi and 31 C. contractus) collected from 25 locations in Serbia and Montenegro. An analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI), widely used as a barcoding region, and a nuclear gene, elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha), revealed stable genetic divergence among these species. The average uncorrected pairwise distances for the COI and EF-1 alpha genes were 3.8%, and 1.3%, respectively, indicating 2 genetically well-segregated species. However, the genetic data were not congruent with the phenotypic characteristics of the studied specimens. In the first place, C. erysimi genotypes were attached to specimens with phenotypic characteristics of C. contractus. Species-specific PCR-RFLP assays for the barcoding gene COIwere applied for themolecular identification of 101 additional specimens of both morphospecies (33 C. erysimi and 68 C. contractus) and were found to confirm this incongruity. The discrepancy between the genetic and morphological data raises the question of the accuracy of using a barcoding approach, as it may result in misleading conclusions about the taxonomic position of the studied organism. Additionally, the typological species concept shows considerable weakness when genetic data are not supported with phenotypic characteristics as in case of asymmetric introgression, which may cause certain problems, especially in applied studies such as biological control programs in which the biological properties of the studied organisms are the main focus
First Report of QoI Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates Causing Gray Mold in Strawberry Fields in Serbia
No full textStabilnost morfoloških osobina semena kukuruza u različitim proizvodnim uslovima
No full textThe analyses were performed with the hybrid seeds of four hybrid combinations derived at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje and produced in three locations. Under laboratory conditions, the following seed traits were analysed in the working sample of 10x100 seeds: seed test weight and shelling percentage, which was determined as the seed weight to ear weight ratio. In the three-year study, the greatest (352.71 g), i.e. smallest (280.09 g) test weight was recorded in the hybrids ZP 434 and ZP 704, respectively. The highest shelling percentage of 60.53 % was determined in the hybrid ZP 704, while the lowest one (48.20 %) was recorded the hybrid ZP 434. Obtained results point out that both traits in all four hybrids are highly expressed under all observed agro-ecological conditions and that effects of factors on the seed weight and the shelling percentage are great.U ovim istraživanja posmatrane su masa 1000 semena i randman semena, u odnosu na genotipsku kombinaciju i agroekološke uslove proizvodnje semena. Analize su rađene na hibridnom semenu četiri komercijalne hibridne kombinacije Instituta za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje', proizvedene na tri lokaliteta. U laboratorijskim uslovima, na radnom uzorku od 10x100 semena, izvršena su ispitivanja apsolutne mase semena, randman semena utvrđen je kao procentualni odnos mase semena i klipa. U trogodišnjem istraživanju najveća izmerena masa 1000 semena je kod hibrida ZP 434 (352,71 g) dok je ZP 704 hibrid sa najmanjom postignutom masom(280,09 g). Randman semena najveći je kod ZP 704 (60,53%), najmanji 48,20% kod ZP 434. Lokalitet sa najvećim variranjem mase bio je Turija (41,58%), a druga osobina najviše varijabilnosti u toku istraživanja bila je na lokalitetu Vrbas (28,13%). Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su na srednju vrednost i ukupnu varijabilnost (x i C.V.) za obe osobine semena i svaku varijantu istraživanja. Dvofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse utvrđen je uticaj faktora (hibrid i lokacija), kao i njihova interakcija na ispitivane osobine semena. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da sva četiri hibrida imaju visok nivo ispoljavanja obe osobine u svim posmatranim agroekološkim uslovima, kao i visok uticaj faktora (hibrid i lokacija) na masu semena i randman semena
Uticaj porekla sadnog materijala krompira na morfološke osobine semenske krtole
No full textThe effects of the origin of planting material on the mophological characteristics of seed tubers of the Kondor potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum L.) were investigated within a two-year study (2009-2010). The production conditions of potato planting material at lower altitudes (700 m.a.s.l.) contributed to producing seed tubers of greater physiological age, resulting consequently in a significantly lower average length of sprouts per tuber 1.38 mm, or 13.49 % less, in comparison with the length of sprouts per tuber determined in tubers originating from 1300 m.a.s.l. Using the Kondor potato cultivar originating from 700 m.a.s.l. as a planting material (which forms a larger number of sprouts per tuber), a higher number of primary stems per plant could be expected, which would be beneficial to seed production (a greater number of small tubers). Provided the Kondor potato cultivar originating from 1300 m.a.s.l. is used as a planting material (which forms a smaller number of sprouts per tuber and potentially a smaller number of stems per plant), the seed tubers should be used in early potato production and for commercial purposes (a small number of large tubers).Dvogodišnja ispitivanja uticaja porekla sadnog materijala krompira (Solanum tuberosum L), na morfološke osobine semenske krtole sorte Kondor, izvedena su tokom 2009. i 2010. godine. Priprema sadnog materijala paralelnom proizvodnjom semenskog krompira izvedena je tokom 2009. i 2010. godine na dva lokaliteta različite nadmorske visine: Kotraž-Jelica 700 m nv. i Sjenica-Pešter 1300 m nv. Uslovi proizvodnje sadnog materijala krtola poreklom sa niže nadmorske visine (700 m nv.) doprineli su da semenske krtole budu veće fiziološke starosti i da kao posledica toga obrazuju vrlo značajno manju dužinu klica po krtoli, za 1,38 mm, ili za 13,49% manju, u odnosu na dužinu klica po krtoli utvrđenu na krtolama poreklom sa 1300 m nv. Sadni materijal poreklom sa manje nadmorske visine 700 m nv. je u obe godine istraživanja obrazovao značajno veći broj listova po krtoli, u odnosu na prosečan broj listova po krtoli ustanovljen kod krtola poreklom sa veće nadmorske visine 1300 m nv. Upotrebom sadnog materijala sorte Kondor poreklom sa 700 m nv. koji obrazuje veći broj klica po krtoli, i samim tim može se očekivati i veći broj primarnih stabala po biljci, što bi odgovaralo u semenskoj proizvodnji (veći broj sitnih krtola). Ukoliko se koristi sadni materijal sorte Kondor poreklom sa 1300 m nv. koji formira manji broj klica po krtoli i potencijalno obrazuje manji broj glavnih stabala po biljci, treba upotrebiti u ranoj proizvodnji krompira i za merkantilnu proizvodnju (mali broj krupnh krtola)
Uticaj sistema kosidbe na klijavost i krupnoću semena lucerke
No full textOwing to its characteristics, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is important for the production of high-quality fodder. Its seed yields vary widely and are heavily influenced by environmental factors. The synchronization of alfalfa seed harvest requirements with environmental factors is partially possible through the cutting system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of a cutting schedule on the germination and size of alfalfa seeds. The pre-cutting time did not significantly affect the absolute mass within a 1 pre-cut system, whereas the number of pre-cuts had a reducing impact on the absolute mass within a 2 pre-cut system. The cutting system had no significant effects on seed germination. While the ecological conditions during the year had significant impacts, the lowest seed germination was recorded in the year with the highest rainfall during the summer period.Plava lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je zbog svih svojih osobina značajna u proizvodnji kvalitetne kabaste hrane. Prinosi semena u Srbiji jako variraju u zavisnosti od godine i kreću se, od onih koji ne opravdavaju troškove žetve, do preko 1000 kg ha-1, dok se u glavnim proizvodnim reonima u svetu beleže stabilniji prinosi. Različitim vremenom kosidbe predotkosa moguće je delimično upravljati vremenom cvetanja semenskog otkosa i na taj način uticati na sinhronizaciju cvetanja i oprašivanja, formiranja mahuna, sazrevanja i žetve sa periodom godine kada postoje najpovoljniji uslovi za to. Cilj ovih istraživanja je da se u poljskim uslovima ispita uticaj vremena kosidbe na klijavost i krupnoću semena lucerke. Praćeni su uticaji različitih rokova kosidbe prvog predotkosa u proizvodnji semena iz drugog otkosa i uticaj dva predotkosa u proizvodnji semena iz trećeg otkosa. Vreme predotkosa u sistemu sa jednim predotkosom nije značajno uticalo na apsolutnu masu, dok je u varijanti sa dva predotkosa ostvarena manja apsolutna masa. Posmatrano zajedno u trogodišnjem periodu ostvarena je prosečno masa 1000 semena od 1,92 g, a apsolutna masa se kretala u intervalu od 1,75 g do 2,07 g. Sistem kosidbe nije imao značajan uticaja na klijavost semena. Ekološki uslovi u toku godine imali su značajan utiacaj na klijavost i najmanja klijavost je ostavrena u godini sa najviše padavina u letnjem periodu. Prosečna klijavost je iznosila 82,11%, sa variranjem od 71,50% do 88,40%