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Gubici semena lucerke u procesu dorade u zavisnosti od početne čistoće
No full textAlfalfa is the most important perennial forage legume used for seed production and fodder. The seeds of alfalfa for sowing must be of high purity, germination and high genetic value. The initial purity of naturalized alfalfa seed significantly affect the resulting amount of processed seed in processing process. In the processing of natural seed alfalfa seed material to obtain adequate quality by law regulate used a complex machines for cleaning and sorting seeds. In the processing center of the Institute for forage crops in Globoder-Kruševac, Serbia alfalfa natural seed are processed. The six different parties of natural seeds of different purity in the range of 66 % to 85 % were processed. Also, after each stage of treatment, losses of seeds and seed rate obtained at the end of the processing were measured.Lucerka je najznačajnija višegodišnja krmna leguminoza koja se osim za krmu koristi i za proizvodnju semena. Seme lucerke za setvu mora biti visoke čistoće, klijavosti, kao i visoke genetske vrednosti. Početna čistoća naturalnog semena lucerke značajno utiče na dobijenu količinu dorađenog semena pri procesu dorade. Takođe utiče i na utrošak energije u procesu dorade, kao i ljudskog rada i količinu otpada. Tokom dorade naturalnog semena lucerke za dobijanje semenskog materijala odgovarajućeg kvaliteta koji je zakonski regulisan koriste se složene mašine za prečišćavanje i sortiranje semena. U doradnom centru Instituta za krmno bilje u Globoderu-Kruševac, Srbija dorađivano je naturalno seme lucerke šest različitih partija čistoće od 66% do 85%. Dorada semena ima zadatak da se seme pripremi za setvu, klijanje i nicanje, kao i čuvanje u skladištima do momenta setve. Dorada se izvodi na više složenih mašina koje rade na različitim principima u sukcesivnom nizu što zavisi od ulazne čistoće semena. Veoma je važno da razlika između količine čistog semena koja se laboratorijski proceni i stvarne količine dobijenog semena na kraju procesa dorade bude što manja. Količina dobijenog semena lucerke i ostalih sitnozrnih kultura pri doradi direktno zavisi od udela korovskih vrsta i ostalih primesa u naturalnom semenu. Seme visoke čistoće, sa malim udelom semena štetnih korova koji otežavaju i poskupljuju proizvodnju, dovodi i do visokog randmana. Efkasna dorade semena lucerke se ostvaruje odgovarajućom kombinacijom mašina za doradu pri čemu se dobija odgovarajući kvalitet i veća količina dorađenog semena u kraćem vremenskom periodu uz što manji utrošak energije
Yield, Tuber Quality and Weight Losses During Storage of Ten Potato Cultivars Grown at Three Sites in Serbia
No full textTen potato cultivars were grown at three sites in Serbia (Sombor, Cacak and Guca) in 2001 and 2002 to examine their yield and post-harvest changes during long-term storage at 3-4 degrees C without controlled air humidity. In the post-harvest study, tuber dry matter (DM) concentration, starch concentration in the DM and weight loss were assessed at harvest, after 2 months and after 7 months of storage. The highest yields were obtained at Cacak where large tubers were formed, while random variations were recorded within cultivars. Results showed that all cultivars gave good yields; all cultivars also produced tubers with DM concentration gt 19%, except for the cultivars Jaerla and Condor. Cultivars with higher tuber DM concentration maintained it gt 19% after 7 months of storage. The consistent increase in tuber DM concentration during storage suggested that relative losses of water caused by transpiration were higher than the relative losses of DM caused by respiration. The effect of site on the initial concentration of starch in the DM was not significant, whereas the starch concentration decreased over the whole storage period. Late cultivars had the highest starch concentration in the tuber DM. Frisia, Red Star and Agria showed consistent low weight loss during storage
Obogaćivanje zrna ječma esencijalnim elementima putem agronomske biofortifikacije
No full textBarley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinutrients that restrain bioavailability and promoters that promote bioavailability. The aim of this study was to examine composition of barley grain, including phytate and phenolics as antinutrients, carotenoids and glutathione as promoters and mineral elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Zn and Mn influenced by various non-standard foliar fertilizers (Zircon, Chitosan, Siliplant, Propikonazole), including some hormonal growth-stimulators (Epin Extra, Benzyladenine), as potential biofortification measure. Chitosan increased glutathione concentration in grain. Unfavorable meteorological conditions were partly mitigated by application of Benzyladenine and Siliplant, reflected through increased potential bioavailability of P, Mg, Ca and Fe.Zrno ječma je bogato mineralima, ali njihova pristupačnost za ljudski organi- zam zavisi od antinutritiva koji inhibiraju njihovu apsorpciju i promotera koji povećavaju njihovu pristupačnost. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispita sastav zrna ječma, uključujući fitat i fenole kao antinutritive, karotenoide i glutation kao promotere, kao i mineralne elemente Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Zn i Mn, pod uticajem nestandardih folijarnih đubriva (Cirkon, Hitosan, Siliplant, Propikonazol), kao i hormona (Epin Ekstra, Benziladenin), kao potencijalne mere za biofortifikaciju ječma. Hitosan je povećao koncentraciju glutationa. Nepovoljni meteorološki uslovi su delimično prevaziđeni primenom Benziladenina i Siliplanta, koji su uticali na povećanje potencijalne pristupačnosti P, Mg, Ca i Fe. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31037
The role of vitex agnus-castus and associated hyalesthes obsoletus in the epidemiology of bois noir in me-diterranean vineyards
No full textThe contemporary records of aquatic plants invasion through the Danubian floodplain corridor in Serbia
No full textAquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to introductions of non-indigenous species, which potentially lead to major disruptions in the functioning of these invaluable habitats. Despite the significance of aquatic systems, there is no collated data available on the aquatic non-native plants in Serbia. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to provide a first overview of the aquatic alien plant species recorded in Serbia, their origins, current distribution, habitat preferences and invasiveness status. This study comprises the results of a comprehensive literature review and extensive field research on lake and river systems over a nine year period (2007-2015), with the addition of data from the IASV database and Joint Danube Surveys 2 & 3. The results of this study show the presence of seven non-indigenous aquatic plant species in Serbia which, despite being a relatively low number when compared to France and Germany, is in line with most of the countries of the region (e.g. Croatia, Bulgaria and FYR Macedonia). The majority of the species are native to the Americas, which concurs with the results of previous studies at the European level, with only one species of Asian origin. The most abundant of the registered non-natives is Vallisneria spiralis, followed by Azolla filiculoides and Elodea nuttallii, while Cabomba caroliniana, as the newest registered aquatic alien in Serbia, has the least number of records. All of the registered non-natives predominantly occur in running waters, including as much as 91% of the records for Elodea canadensis and 85% for Elodea nuttalli. Vallisneria spiralis is present in five different EUNIS habitat types, while Paspalum distichum was recorded predominantly along the River Danube, thereby highlighting it as P. distichum's main corridor of spread in Serbia. The distribution of all the recorded non-indigenous species is primarily linked to the northern, low-lying part of Serbia-i.e. Vojvodina Province. Such a distribution pattern is concordant with the presence of adequate habitat types, the courses of potential international invasion corridors in the Sava and Danube rivers and the position of the elaborate irrigation canal network of the Danube-Tisa-Danube Hydrosystem; but also with the frequency of studies carried out in this region over the years. Of the seven aquatic aliens present in Serbian waterbodies, three are considered to be highly invasive and one potentially invasive, while two have also been included in the list of 150 most widespread alien species in Europe
Cryptic speciation within Phytoptus avellanae s.l. (Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) revealed by molecular data and observations on molting Tegonotus-like nymphs
No full textHazelnut big bud mite, Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, is one of the most harmful pests of Corylus spp. (Corylaceae) worldwide. Herein, we show that this species represents a complex of two cryptic species: one that lives and reproduces in buds causing their enlargement ('big buds') and drying, whereas the other is a vagrant living on leaves, under bud scales and in catkins, based on phylogenetic analyzes of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA and the nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA sequences. A molecular assessment based on mtCOI DNA and nuclear D2 28S rDNA revealed consistent differences of 16.8 and 3.5 % between the two species, respectively. Molecular analysis also revealed that atypical flattened nymphs (Tegonotus-like nymphs sensu Keifer in Mites Injurious to Economic Plants, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 327-562, 1975) with differently annulated opisthosoma, which appear in the life cycle of P. avellanae s.l., belong to the 'vagrant' lineage, i.e. vagrant cryptic species. Light microscopy images of Tegonotus-like nymphs molting into males and females are presented for the first time. Our results suggest that the name P. avellanae comprise two species. Big bud mite should keep the name P. avellanae, and the vagrant cryptic species should be re-named after a proper morphological description is made
'Candidatus phytoplasma solani' genotypes associated with potato stolbur in Serbia and the role of Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri (hemiptera, cixiidae) as natural vectors
No full textA progressive spread of stolbur-associated symptoms observed in potato fields in Serbia over the past few years initiated the study on disease epidemiology and transmission pathways performed during 2013 and 2014. Inspection of potato fields on 12 localities in northern Serbia revealed high incidence (60 % of symptomatic plants) and wide dispersal (100 % of inspected localities) of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'. A qualitative analysis of Auchenorrhyncha fauna in affected potato fields identified 16 species, however only Hyalesthes obsoletus, Reptalus panzeri and R. quinquecostatus tested positive for 'Ca. P. solani'. Multilocus typing of strains associated with field collected potato plants and insects had been performed to identify the propagation scenario underlying the threatening epidemics. Combined analyses of the tuf, stamp and vmp1 genes detected ten genotypes, seven of which were shared by the potato plants and insects, confirming their interaction, with no clear species-specific association of certain 'Ca. P. solani' genotypes with plausible insect vectors. Semi- field experiments with naturally 'Ca. P. solani'-infected H. obsoletus and R. panzeri confirmed the ability of both species to successfully transmit the pathogen to potato plants and induce symptoms characteristic of stolbur disease. The third putative vector R. quinquecostatus shared genotypes of 'Ca. P. solani' with potato plants and other two cixiids, and though not tested in this study should not be ruled out as a potential vector. Our study revealed rather complex epidemiology of potato stolbur in Serbia involving several possible routes of horizontal transmission and provided experimental evidence for two natural planthopper vectors
Prevalence of stolbur phytoplasma in leafhoppers and planthoppers collected in vineyard, corn and potato fields and their surroundings in Switzerland
No full textRe-visiting the Aphidius urticae s. str. group: re-description of Aphidius rubi Stary and A. silvaticus Stary (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
No full textHere we tested Aphidius urticae s. str. host-associated lineages from Microlophium carnosum (Buckton), Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati) and Aulacorthum vaccinii Hille Ris Lambers with the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene used to analyse population differences and elucidate phylogenetic relationships between the separated taxa. This molecular marker has been shown to be the most informative molecular marker in resolving species complexes in aphidiine parasitoids. Analyses of the mitochondrial sequences revealed the existence of three clearly separated mitochondrial lineages of A. urticae s. str. group associated with: i) Macrosiphum funestum and Aulacorthum vaccinii aphid hosts, ii) Microlophium carnosum and iii) Amphorophora rubi. This corresponds to the initial descriptions of A. rubi, A. silvaticus and A. urticae and their aphid host associations prior to synonymization of A. rubi and A. silvaticus with A. urticae. On the other hand, significant evolutionary distances ranging from 2.3 to 9.2% between the three mitochondrial lineages were not accompanied by clear morphological differences. Therefore, re-descriptions of A. rubi and A. silvaticus are presented, together with their morphological differentiation in a key, as well as their phylogenetic relationships and genetical differentiation
Heterodera filipjevi - fitoparazitna nematoda useva pšenice
No full textWheat is the existential food in our region and in the world. It is grown in Serbia since the prehistoric period-Neolithic. Host plants and their parasites share a common evolutionary history. The most important nematode parasite of wheat, Heterodera filipjevi in Russian language is called The Wheat Cyst Nematode causing the greatest damage on wheat. Previously, Heterodera filipjevi was considered a strain of H. avenae. However, the morphological differences between the two species are confirmed. Since 2010, when it was first established in our country, to date there are 13 populations identified and it is considered that the number of sites is actually larger. A better cooperation of all factors involved in the protection of arable crops would contribute to achieve complete information on damage and more efficient control measures to increase yields of food that supports the mankind today.Pšenica je egzistencijalna namirnica na našim prostorima i u svetu. U Srbiji se gaji još iz praistorijskog perioda-neolita. Biljke domaćini i njihovi paraziti dele zajedničku evolutivnu istoriju. Najznačajniji parazit pšenice, Heterodera filipjevi se na ruskom jeziku zove i Pšenična cistolika nematoda jer na njoj izaziva najveće štete. Ranije se smatralo da je H. Filipjevi soj H. avenae, ali su potvrđene morfološke razlike dve vrste. Od 2010. godine kada je prvi put utvrđena u našoj zemlji, do danas je identifikovano 13 populacija ali se smatra da je broj lokaliteta veći. Bolja saradnja svih činilaca koji učestvuju u zaštiti ratarskih kultura bi doprinela potpunijim podacima o štetnosti i efikasnijim merama borbe za veći prinos ove namirnice koja hrani današnje čovečanstvo