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First Report of Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Causing Bacterial Soft Rot on Calla Lily in Serbia
No full textFirst record of Aphidius ericaphidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Europe: North American hitchhiker or overlooked Holarctic citizen?
No full textAphidius ericaphidis, an aphid parasitoid originally described from North America, is recorded in Europe for the first time, based on morphological and molecular analyses. The species is recorded in Serbia, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It was formerly recorded as Aphidius sp./Ericaphis latifrons/Vaccinium uliginosum from the Alps (France). The possible origin of A. ericaphidis, as well as its likely distribution, is discussed in relation to its host. As it is a specific parasitoid of Ericaphis aphids, especially the invasive aphid Ericaphis scammelli on blueberries, its potential as a biocontrol agent is also discussed
Molecular identification of Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 mastitis isolates and their influence on the milk somatic cell count
No full textAlgae from the genus Prototheca are the only plant-like microorganisms which can cause inflammation and alterations in the mammary gland. Prototheca mastitis is usually recognized as a chronic and symptomless disease with reduced milk production and a very high somatic cell count. Molecular identification of Prototheca spp. is helpful for the differentiation of pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains which are probably milk contaminants. Genotype-specific PCR assays, based on the 18S rDNA gene sequences, have recently been developed to differentiate three genotypes of Prototheca zopfii, of which Prototheca zopfii genotype 3 was reclassified in a new species: Prototheca blaschkeae. P. zopfii genotype 2 is characterized as the main causative agent of Prototheca mastitis that leads to significant economic losses in primary milk production. The purpose of this study was to give a molecular characterization of Prototheca strains isolated in cases of subclinical and clinical mastitis, as well as to determine the influence of these pathogenic algae on the milk somatic cell count. After microbiological examination, algae from the genus Prototheca were isolated in pure cultures from 1.8% of all tested milk samples, and all 13 (100%) isolates were determined as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 by a genotype-specific PCR. This study has provided the first molecular identification of Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 in the Republic of Serbia. In the case of subclinical Prototheca mastitis, the somatic cell count was 4,175,244 +/- 1,233,685/mL of milk. A distinctly higher somatic cell count (P lt 0.05) was found in the quarters infected by Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 than in the quarters infected by Staphylococcus aureus, which is the most common mastitis causative agent worldwide. The results from this study support previous observations that P. zopfii genotype 2 is the main causative agent of Prototheca mastitis which leads to a significant increase in the somatic cell count in the milk
First Report of Leaf Spot Disease on Spathiphyllum sp Caused by Alternaria alternata in Serbia
No full textBakar citrat - defolijant u proizvodnji sadnica voćaka
No full textThe effects of copper citrate on defoliation of one year old fruit stocks in a nursery are presented in this paper. The investigation aimed to evaluate the defoliation efficacy of copper citrate as a new formulation, compared with other compounds recommended for that purpose. Field trials were conducted in the region of Trstenik, a center of nursery production in Serbia in 2016 and 2017. Two years of investigation showed that copper citrate could be used as an efficient compound for defoliation in nursery production. A stronger defoliation effect was observed on plum stocks, compared to apple stocks. Better results were achieved with the highest concentration of copper citrate (2%), while the effectiveness decreased with lower concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%). Defoliation degree on nursery apple stocks after treatment with 2.0% concentration of copper citrate varied from 80.6% to 95.6%, while it reached 100% on plum stocks.U radu su prikazani efekti defolijacije sadnica jabuke i šljive, primenom različitih koncentarcija bakar citrata, kao nove formulacije, i standardnih preparata koji se koriste u ove svrhe (bordovska čorba, urea). Ogledi su sprovedeni u regionu Trstenika (Ljubava i Milutovac), koji je centar rasadničke proizvodnje u Srbiji. Tretiranja su obavljena tokom 2016. i 2017. godine. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno je da bakar citrat pokazuje visok potencijal za upotrebu u svrhu defolijacije sadnica jabuke i šljive. Korišćene koncentracije ovog jedinjenja su pokazale veću efikasnost u primeni na sadnicama šljive nego na sadnicama jabuke. Najbolji rezultati u oba ogleda su zabeleženi sa maksimalno primenjenom koncentracijom (2%), dok efekat defolijacije na sadnicama jabuke opada sa smanjenjem koncentracije. Stepen defolijacije jabuke primenom bakar citrata u koncentraciji od 2% kretao se od 80,6% do 95,6%, a kod šljive čak 100%. Potvrđeno je i da uspešna defolijacija sadnica jabuke i šljive značajno zavisi od vremena aplikacije kao i meteoroloških uslova
Varijabilnost kvaliteta semena italijanskog ljulja i engleskog ljulja proizvedenih u dva regiona
No full textThe paper presents the results of four seed lots produced in Serbia and Belarus in two years, and examines the influence of their quality on 1000 seed mass, germination energy and total germination. There was no impact of the region or the year on the studied seed quality parameters. There was high variability of 1000 seed mass (CV = 20.3 %) taken from different seed lots of Italian ryegrass. Lower variability was found for germination energy and total germination (CV = 9.88 % and CV = 7.98 %). Ryegrass seed lots had lower variability for 1000 seed mass (CV = 8.34 %), germination energy and total germination (CV = 4.80 % and CV = 3.70 %). In the seeds of both species there was no significant correlation dependence of seed mass regarding germination energy and total germination. Significant influence was determined in both species between germination energy and total germination (P≤0.001 and P≤0.05).Italijanski i engleski ljulj su značajne krmne i/ili ukrasne trave. U proizvodnji stočne hrane uglavnom se koriste u smeši sa leguminozama. Seme ovih vrsta se u Srbiji koristi delom iz proizvodnje u Srbiji, delom iz proizvodnje izvan Srbije (iz uvoza). Belorusija I Ukrajina se značajni proizvođači semena trava. Ma gde se proizvodnja semena odvijala kvalitet semena je od presudnog značaja za uspešno zasnivanje travnjaka i/ili travno-leguminoznih useva. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja po četiri partije semena proizvedenog u Srbiji I Belorusiji tokom dve godine I uticaj regiona proizvodnje na masu 1000 semena, energiju klijanja I klijavost. Nije utvrđen jasan zaključak o uticaju regiona proizvodnje (Srbija i Belorusija) I godine u kojoj se odvijala proizvodnja (2014 i2015) na ispitivane parameter kvaliteta. Između partija semena italijanskog ljulja je utvrđena visoka varijabilnost za masu 1000 semena (CV=20.3%), dok je za energiju klijanja I ukupnu klijavost utvrđena niža varijabilnost (CV=9.88% I CV=7.98%). Između partija semena engleskog ljulja je utvrđena niža varijabilnost za masu 1000 semena (CV=8.34%), kao I za energiju klijanja I ukupnu klijavost (CV=4.80% I CV=3.70%). Na semenima obe ispitivane vrste nije postojala značajna korelativna zavisnost mase semena sa energijom klijanja I ukupnom klijavošću. Takođe na obe vrste je utvrđena značajan (P≤0.001 i P≤0.05) pozitivna korelacija između energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti
Uticaj plodoreda na rezerve semena korovskih biljka u zemljištu
No full textCrop rotation, soil cultivation and weed control measures are in direct correlation with the content of the weed seed bank in the soil. Knowing the weed seed bank and the dynamics of the weed emergence is the basis for planning and implementing the measures for effective weed control. The research was carried out on the plots of the long-term stationary experiment 'Plodoredi' of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. During August of 2014, following the soybean harvest, the soil from the plots under different cultivation systems was sampled: soybean monoculture and 3-field (soybean, wheat, corn). Two methodological procedures were used to evaluate the reserve of seeds in the plough layer and the under plough soil layer. The physical extraction of seeds has determined the total content of weed species in the seed bank, while seed germinarion was used to determine which of the observed species are capable of germinating in the following period. The method of physical extraction has determined that the highest number of seeds was present in the soil samples from the soybean monoculture, in the depth layer of 15-30 cm. The under plough soil layer was characterized by a lower number of seeds, in both variants. In the study of germination, which was conducted under controlled conditions 18 months after the sampling, the best seed germination was recorded for the seeds of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium hybridum L. and Chenopodium album L.Plodored, obrada zemljišta i nega useva koja uključuje mere suzbijanja korova su u direktnoj korelaciji sa sadržajem rezervi semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu. Poznavanje rezervi semena i praćenje dinamike pojave korova je osnova u planiranju i sprovođenju mera za efikasno suzbijanje korova. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na višegodišnjem stacionarnom ogledu 'Plodoredi' Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Tokom meseca avgusta 2014. godine, nakon žetve soje uzorkovano je zemljište sa parcela pod različitim sistemom gajenja: monokultura soje i 3-polje (soja, pšenica, kukuruz). Za procenjivanje rezervi semena korovskih biljaka oraničnog i podoraničnog sloja korišćena su dva metodološka postupka. Fizičkom ekstrakcijom semena utvrđena je ukupna zastupljenost semena korovskih vrsta u rezervi semena, dok su naklijavanjem utvrđene vrste čija su semena sposobna da klijaju u narednom periodu. Metodom fizičke ekstrakcije utvrđeno je da je najveća brojnost semena bila u sistemu monokulture soje iz sloja zemljišta 15-30 cm. Podoranični sloj je generalno u obe varijante sadržao značajno manji broj semena. U ogledu za naklijavanje, koji je sproveden u kontrolisanim uslovima 18 meseci nakon uzorkovanja, najveću klijavost semena pokazale su vrste: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, Chenopodium hybridum L., i Chenopodium album L
Uticaj boje semenjače na kvalitet semena i početni porast klijanaca sorata crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense)
No full textThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seed coat colour on the seed quality of four red clover cultivars (germination, dormancy (hard seeds), dead seeds and initial seedling growth (vigour)) produced in Serbia over a period of two years. The seeds analyzed were first separated visually into bright, dark and mixed seed groups, followed by subsequent digital colour measurements. The results obtained showed that the seed coat colour of red clover could be considered a good indicator of seed quality and seedling growth ability. The results furthermore showed that bright-coloured seeds of red clover cultivars indicated increased vigour and seed quality compared to other colours. The impact of the production area and year on the seed quality parameters was inconclusive. A high variability in hard (CV = 22.22 %) and dead seeds (CV = 40.18 %) was recorded between different seed lots of red clover. A lower variability was found in the germination parameter of bright- and mixed-coloured seeds (CV = 4.53 % and CV = 8.53 %). The seed coat colour could be an important factor in determining the quality of red clover seeds, potentially increasing germination simply by removing dark-coloured seeds.Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj boje semena četiri sorte crvene deteline proizvedene u Srbiji tokom dve godine na njihov kvalitet (klijanje, dormantnost (tvrdo seme), mrtvo seme i početni porast klijanaca (vigor)). U ovom istraživanju su prvo vizuelno razdvojena semena po boji, a zatim su razdvojena digitalnim kolor separatorom na svetla, tamna i mešovita. Rezultati su pokazali da boja semena crvene deteline može biti dobar pokazatelj kvaliteta semena i početnog porasta klijanaca. Rezultati su pokazali da su svetlo obojena semena sorte crvene deteline imala snažniji vigor i bolji kvalitet od drugih boja. Nije bilo jasnog zaključka o uticaju regiona i godine na praćene parametre kvaliteta semena. Zabeležena je visoka varijabilnost za tvrda (CV = 22,22%) i mrtva semena (CV = 40,18%) sorti crvene deteline. Za klijanje je zabeležena manja varijabilnost svetlih i mešovitih semena (CV = 4,53% i CV = 8,53%). Boja semena može biti značajan faktor kvaliteta semena crvene deteline i zbog toga je moguće povećati klijavost uklanjanjem tamno obojenih semena
Uticaj sorte i agroekoloških uslova na komponente prinosa krompira
No full textThe research on the effect of ecological conditions and cultivars on the yield components of potatoes was conducted in Badovinci (Western Serbia) during the period 2008-2009. The following potato cultivars were included in the experiment: early ('Cleopatra', 'Anushka' and 'Presto'), medium early ('Kuroda', 'Omega' and 'Dita'), and medium late ('Desiree', 'Roko' and 'Jelly'). The four-replicate field trials were set up using the standard methodology according to the random block design. 18TThe research results suggest that genotype (G) and ecological conditions (E) significantly affect all yield components of potatoes. In both years, the highest yield was recorded18T in18T the medium late variety 'Desiree'18T 18T(18T28.30 t ha־¹), followed by the early variety 'Anushka' 18T(18T26.60 t ha־¹), 18Twhile the lowest18T 18Tyield18T was 18Trecorded18T 18Tin the medium early variety 'Omega' (18T13.35 t ha־¹). The 18Tresults obtained show that18T 18Tthe18T 18Thighest yields18T in Western Serbia were 18Trecorded in early varieties18T 18T('Cleopatra'18T, 'Anushka' 18Tand18T '18TPresto'18T) and 18Tmedium18T 18Tlate varieties18T 18T('18TDesiree'), which exhibited considerable18T resistance to high18T 18Tair temperatures18T and 18Tdrought stress18T.Komponente prinosa devet sorti krompira ispitivane su tokom 2008. i 2009. godine na lokaciji zapadne Srbije u selu Badovinci (75 m nadmorska visina, 44˚ 80' 05'N, 19˚ 35' 39'E). Za istraživanje korišćene su sledeće sorte krompira: rane (Cleopatra, Anushka i Presto), srednje rane (Kuroda, Omega i Dita) i srednje kasne (Desiree, Roko i Jelly). Sadnja je izvedena u prvoj dekadi aprila. Međuredno rastojanje bilo je 0,70 m a između biljaka u redu 0,30 m. Primenjena je standardna tehnologija gajenja krompira. Broj primarnih nadzemnih izdanaka određen je 65 dana posle sadnje krtola. Vađenje krompira izvršeno je početkom septembra kada je izvršeno i utvrđivanje broja krtola po biljci i ukupan prinos. 18TDobijeni rezultati ukazuju da su sorta (G) i agroekološki uslovi (E) značajno utiču na sve komponente prinosa krompira. U obe godine najveći ukupan prinos krtola zabeležen je kod srednje kasne sorte Desiree18T 18T(18T28,30 t ha־¹), zatim kod rane sorte Anushka 18T(18T26,60 t ha־¹), dok je najniži prinos krtola utvrđen kod srednje rane sorte 18TOmega (18T13,35 t ha־¹). Na osnovu rezultata dvogodišnjih istraživanja uticaja sorte i agroekoloških uslova na komponente prinosa u zapadnoj Srbiji, možemo izvesti sledeće zaključke: - Sorta i uslovi sredine pojedinačno i u interakciji značajno utiču na komponente prinosa18T; Za dobijanje visokih prinosa krtola u uslovima zapadne Srbije možemo preporučiti rane sorte (18TCleopatra, Anushka 18Ti18T P18Tresto18T), posebno u godinama sa malom količinom padavina, kao i srednje kasnu sortu 18T(18TDesiree), koja je pokazala dobru tolerantnost prema visokim temperaturama vazduha i suši
The role of evolutionary interactions between intracellular endosymbiont (Wolbachia) and phytoplasma (Flavescence dorée) on fitness components and evolution of mitochondrial DNA in natural populations Dictyophara europaea
No full textDictyophara europaea je široko rasprostranjena i ekonomski značajna cikada koja kaoalternativni vektor Flavescence dorée (FD) fitoplazme, učestvuje u prenošenju bolesti uvinogradima Evrope. Sprovedena epidemiološka istraživanja su ukazala na postojanjepopulacija D. europaea sa veoma visokom stopom FD-infekcije, Wolbachia-inficiranihpopulacija sa niskom stopom FD-infekcije (DeWo+) i odsustvo Wolbachia upopulacijama sa visokom stopom FD-infekcije (DeWo-). Ispitivano je nekolikomogućih uzroka raličite stope infekcije vektora: i) populaciono-genetičke karakteristikeD. europaea i korelacija sa Wolbachia infekcijom, ii) efekat Wolbachia na komponenteadaptivne vrednosti laboratorijske kolonije DeWo+, i iii) stopa inficiranosti prirodnogbiljnog rezervoara FD fitoplazme i razlike u genotipovima fitoplazme u nisko- i visokoinficiranimpopulacijama. Genotipizacijom mitohondrijskog COI gena evidentiran jesmanjen genetički diverzitet DeWo+ u poređenju sa DeWo- populacijama i različitaevolucija fiksiranih haplotipova. Multilokusnom genotipizacijom Wolbachia izolataidentifikovan je isti soj, wEur, u svim DeWo+ populacijama. Diverzitet FD fitoplazmenije bio u korelaciji sa različitom stopom inficiranosti vektora. Utvrđeno je daWolbachia-infekcija nema direktnog efekta na adaptivnu vrednost D. europaea. Podaciiz prirodnih populacija D. europaea ukazuju na kompeticiju Wolbachia i FD fitoplazme:populacije koje su u niskoj stopi inficirane FD fitoplazmom su Wolbachia-inficirane ivice versa.Dictyophara europaea is widespread planthopper of economic importance, acting as analternative vector of the Flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma disease of grapevine inEuropean vineyards. Epidemiological studies have revealed D. europaea populationsthat are heavily FD-infected, as well as populations with low FD-infection rates that arenaturally infected with Wolbachia (DeWo+), and highly FD-infected populations in theabsence of Wolbachia (DeWo-).Several possible causes of differences in vectorinfection rates were examined: i) population genetic characteristics of D. europaea andtheir correlation with Wolbachia infection, ii) Wolbachia effects on fitness componentsof DeWo+ laboratory colony, and iii) the rate of reservoir plant FD-infection anddifferences in FD genotypes harboured by low and high infected vector populations.Genotyping of mitochondrial COI loci showed lower genetic diversity level in DeWo+than in DeWo- populations of and divergent evolution of fixed haplotypes. Multilocusgenotyping of Wolbachia revealed that all DeWo+ populations were infected with thesame strain (i.e. wEur). Genetically diversified FD phytoplasma had no direct influenceon vector infection rates. No evidence of direct fitness effects on D. europaea wasregistered with regard to Wolbachia infection status. Field data and the observednegative correlation between FD-infection and Wolbachia-infection rates, indicate thatWolbachia compete with FD phytoplasma within the host insect D. europaea