Aomori University of Health and Welfare
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Problems of Medical Interpreters in Japan
No full textpublisher青森 近年、日本における医療通訳が期待されつつあるが、欧米諸国やアジア諸国に比べてその認知度は低く、国を挙げての取り組みも弱い。日本の外国人登録者数の増加傾向はここ数年かわらず、多くの外国人を迎え入れている中、医療の分野でも多言語のサポートが必要となり、医療通訳の重要性が問われ始めている。
本研究は、日本における医療通訳の現状の問題点を明らかにすることを目的とし、東京、神奈川、京都、大阪、北海道において、それぞれ現役で活躍している医療通訳者を対象に、半構造化面接による聞き取り調査を行った。その結果、医療通訳派遣システムの問題や、資格の問題、知識と技術の問題、保障、医療通訳の環境整備の問題など様々な要因が表れた。特にその根本にあり重要と思われる問題として、国から医療通訳が公に認められる制度がないことで、ボランティアとしての働きに依存している現状があげられた。また、医療従事者にも医療通訳が認識されていないことから、医療通訳者が十分な力を発揮できないケースもみられた。本調査結果はこれからの医療通訳発展の指標となるべく、今後解決すべき課題を示唆するものである。
In recent years, there has been a growing need for medical interpreters in Japan, yet compared with other Asian and Western countries the national commitment to improve the awareness and need for medical interpreters is weak. However, with an increase in the number of registered foreigners in the last several years, the need for foreign language support from medical interpreters has increased.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the current problems associated with medical interpreters in Japan. We conducted semi-structured interviews with medical interpreters in five places: Tokyo, Kanagawa, Kyoto, Osaka and Hokkaido. The results indicate that interpreters face various problems such as dispatching to work sites, professional qualification standards, level of knowledge and skills, compensation and work environment. More importantly, however, is that medical interpreters are not formally recognized by the government and are therefore seen as volunteers with little credibility. In addition, in some cases, doctors and nurses are not using medical interpreters to their full potential and do not treat them as professionals. The results of this research have provided a signpost for future development of medical interpreters in Japan
産学官連携によるガマズミ活用研究会の活動を行政の立場から支えて(特集1 2010年度青森県保健医療福祉研究発表会シンポジウム 保健大学の産学官連携活動による社会貢献)
No full textpublisher青
Giving and Receiving of Information by Hearing-Impaired Persons after the Earthquake Disaster − From an Interpersonal Communication Point of View −
No full textpublisher青森 本研究は、震災直後の聴覚障害者の情報授受の問題と今後の課題を明確にすることがねらいであり、情報を伝える側と受ける側の両側面を通して、人と人の関わりをコミュニケーションの視点から考察するものである。震災直後では、人々は家族、知人の安否情報、避難情報、生活維持のための情報が絶たれたことにより不安が増大した。特に、聴覚障害者にとっては、健聴者の一番の情報源であるラジオが使用できず、また口頭で伝えられる情報も入らない。避難所では口頭の指示は理解できず、人とコミュニケーションをとりながら情報を得ること自体に難しさを感じ、不安と精神的負担が大きくなる。本稿は震災シンポジウムから得た聴覚障害者の意見と事前の質問紙調査の結果を通して、震災後の人と人との関わり、情報授受に関する不安と課題を再考する。また、「見えるラジオ」の現状を伝えるとともに、災害時に災害情報を正確に、迅速に、簡潔に伝える「やさしい日本語」が、外国人のみならず、聴覚障害者にも情報授受の観点から有効であることを提示する。
This study aimed to clarify problems with giving and receiving of information by hearingimpaired persons after the earthquake disaster and to rethink interpersonal communication through information. After the earthquake, people were concerned about getting information on the whereabouts and safety of family members, friends and acquaintances, evacuation areas and the status of life lines. People received a lot of information from the radio and by word of mouth; however, hearing-impaired persons could not get such information. They had a hard time to get real on time information in the disaster area and shelters. Through questionnaires we got data from hearing-impaired persons who were in shelters and the disaster area. Responses from these questionnaires combined with information from the Symposium of Earthquake Communication clearly show the need to examine the giving and receiving of information after a disaster. We need to reconsider the use of "Mieru-radio/ teletext broadcasting." Furthermore, we suggest the use of "Yasashii-Nihongo /Easy-Japanese" during stays at shelters is not only beneficial for foreigners but also for hearing-impaired persons
-The practice of suicide prevention in Aomori Prefecture and issues that have to be tackled in future-
No full textpublisher青
Constitutionality of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the Nationality Law and Judicial Remedies −Judgment rendered by the Grand Bench of the Supreme Court on June 4, 2008−
No full textpublisher青森 2008（平成20）年6月4日、最高裁判所大法廷は、日本人父と外国人母との間に出生した後に父から認知された非嫡出子について、父母の婚姻により嫡出子たる身分を取得した（準正があった）場合に限り届出による日本国籍の取得を認めている国籍法3条1項（2008年12月改正前）が憲法14条1項に違反するとし、準正要件を除く国籍法3条1項所定の要件を満たす上告人（原告）に日本国籍の取得を認める２つの判決を下した。この判決は、最高裁による8例目の法令違憲判決であることだけでなく、権利救済方法の点でも注目される。本稿では、国籍法制の沿革、学説の状況と下級審の判断の流れを概観した上で、違憲審査基準、国籍法3条1項の立法目的、立法目的と手段との合理的関連性、司法的救済の可否などの論点について最高裁の判断の検討を行った。最後に、改正された国籍法の問題点と今後の課題にも言及した。
On June 4, 2008, the Grand Bench of the Supreme Court of Japan ruled that Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Nationality Law （before amendment in December, 2008） allowing an illegitimate child who was born to a Japanese father and a non-Japanese mother and is acknowledged by his/her father after his/her birth to acquire Japanese nationality through a notification only when he/she has obtained status as a legitimate child as a result of the marriage of his/her parents （when legitimation has occurred） violated Article 14, paragraph 1 of the Japanese Constitution, and that Japanese nationality should be granted to the appellants （plaintiffs） who have satisfied the requirements apart from the legitimation requirement prescribed in Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Nationality Law. This judgment is worthy of attention in two aspects, namely: that it was the eighth case in the history of Japanese judicial review where the Supreme Court declared the relevant provision unconstitutional; and that the Supreme Court expressed a certain view determining that judicial remedies can be given. This paper overviews the history of the Nationality Law, theoretical situations and a series of judicial precedents, and then reviews the judgment rendered by the Supreme Court on the basis of judicial review criteria, the legislative purpose of Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Nationality Law, reasonable relevance between legislative purpose and the measure, applicability and inapplicability of judicial remedies. Finally, this paper also refers to the problems and future issues regarding the amended Nationality Law
An examination into the use of the Japanese plain and polite style.
No full textpublisher青森 日本語の丁寧体、いわゆる、「です・ます」で終わる文体は改まったスピーチスタイルとして使われる一方、普通体、いわゆる、「だ・である」で終わる文体はうちとけたスピーチスタイルが使用される。ほぼ全ての日本語の教科書の中で一致した意見として、この社会言語学的マーカーは一定の文脈的状況下においてのみ使われ、年齢、地位などを表す特徴があるという事が挙げられる（Matsumoto & Okamoto 2003）。しかし、自然な談話の中で普通体と丁寧体とを混在した話し方をしても、この社会言語学的なマーカーの条件を満たすだけではなく、相互作用の中で、心的距離、語用論的表現で様々なスタンスを表す事が可能である。本稿では、日本のドラマとオンラインウェブブログを通じて、例を取り上げ、丁寧体と普通体の使い方を分析することを目的とする。
The Japanese desu / masu forms are generally considered formal speech level markers whereas the plain forms of da / dearu in contrast are considered markers of informal speech. The general consensus especially within Japanese language instruction material presents these forms as sociolinguistic markers solely in relation to static contextual features such as the interlocutor’s social status or age （Matsumoto & Okamoto 2003）.
However the use of natural occurring discourse is not as rigid or static as these contextual features may imply. The use and mixing of both these forms in a single interaction is a common phenomena that can not only attend to these static contextual features but also to dynamic ones such as interpersonal distance and the pragmatic expression of various stances within the interaction. This paper looks at some examples of these plain and polite forms through illustrations taken from spoken dialogue from a Japanese TV drama and through personal online weblogs in an attempt to examine the role, use and function of these grammatical forms by the speakers and writers who use them
Motion for a Preliminary Ruling for the Commencement of Public Assistance ―Order rendered by the Naha District Court on December 22, 2009 /Order rendered by the Naha branch of the Fukuoka High Court on March 19, 2010―
No full textpublisher青森 2004（平成16）年の行政事件訴訟法改正により、抗告訴訟の類型として新たに義務付けの訴え、差止めの訴えが規定されると同時に、仮の救済制度として、仮の義務付け、仮の差止めの制度が設けられた。本稿では、生活保護申請が却下されたことに対して生活保護の開始を仮に義務付けた事例を取り上げ、仮の義務付けの要件に関する裁判所の判断の検討を行った。この事例は、生活保護の分野で仮の義務付けが認められた最初のケースであり、貴重な先例となるものである。本稿では、裁判所の決定は立法趣旨に沿った妥当なものといえること、「償うことのできない損害を避けるための緊急の必要」が認められる範囲に関する判断は今後への指針となること、また、「本案について理由があるとみえる」か否かについてどの程度まで審理すべきかという問題が残されていること、などを述べた。
With the amendment of the Administrative Case Litigation Act in 2004, motions for rulings and for injunctions were provided as new types of protest suit, and at the same time, systems for preliminary rulings and preliminary injunctions were established as systems to give preliminary relief. This paper takes as its subject a case in which a ruling for the commencement of public assistance was preliminarily handed down with regard to a rejection of an application for public assistance, and reviews the court's judgment concerning requirements for preliminary rulings. The case in this example was the first in which a preliminary ruling was approved in the field of public assistance and thus constitutes a significant precedent. The points raised in this paper include the following: that the court's decision can be said to be reasonable and in line with the legislative intent; that the judgment provides guidelines for future judgments concerning the circumstances under which courts will accept the existence of an "urgent need to avoid a loss that cannot be made good"; and that there still remains the issue as to what extent should a trial consider whether "the present case has merit.
