Innovation and Development in Agriculture and Food

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    Rapport d'activités 1994. Projet LUADP/CIRAD-CP. République Démocratique et Populaire du Laos

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    Ce rapport est constitué de 3 parties : recherche-développement en milieu contrôlé (station de Ban Itou), recherche-développement en milieu réel, étude phytopathologique. La première donne un descriptif complet des opérations et actions de recherche concernant les Arabica, Robusta et Arabica. La deuxième comporte des tableaux de pluviométrie et détaille les activités (séances de vulgarisation, régénération par recépage, plantations nouvelles, pépinières, problèmes phytosanitaires...). La troisième partie concerne les 3 essais qui composent l'étude de la rouille orangée sur caféier Arabica var. Java à Ban Ito

    Propriétés physiques, hydriques et mécaniques de sols andiques de la Réunion : facteurs d'évolution des horizons culturaux, implications agronomiques et écologiques

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    Ce travail concerne les horizons superficiels de sols andiques de la Réunion. Les propriétés physiques sont décrites, ainsi que leur évolution sous contraintes hydriques et mécaniques : organisation de la phase solide, géométrie de l'espace poral, affinité pour l'eau et comportement mécanique. Des composantes de la fertilité de ces milieux sont étudiées, par la mise en relation des propriétés décrites avec des dynamiques superficielles de l'eau et des structures mesurées in situ. Les déterminismes de l'état structural ainsi que les processus générateurs de ruissellement et d'érosion sont étudiés. Les interactions entre variables du sol, opréations de travail du sol et comportement des plantes sont abordées par une méthode originale d'expérimentation prenant en compte la variabilité spatiale du milieu

    How to monitor the protein cross-linking by formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or glyoxal in cotton-seed protein protein-based films? (short communication)

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    Cotton-seed protein-based films can be formed from an aqueous solution by a casting process. Chemical cross-linking treatments of cotton-seed proteins by dialdehyde increased maximum puncture force and decreased solubility of films in water. Glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and glyoxal are cross-linking agents capable of reacting with amino acid side chains, particularly with the lysine ENH2 group, to form Schiff bases. As a first approach, simple criteria (maximum puncture force, puncture deformation, and film solubility) were used to assess the efficiency of chemical treatments. In the present study the amount of lysine that did not react with cross-linking agents (reactive lysine) during cotton-seed protein film formation was used to assess the degree of protein cross-linking. We have used a new procedure that provide a quantitative determination of reactive lysine in films made from cotton-seed flour. Subsequently, this methodology was used to investigate the cross-linking of cotton-seed proteins by formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or glyoxal in films and to analyse the relation between protein cross-linking and film maximum puncture forc

    Pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), in West Africa

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    The susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera to pyrethroids has been investigated in West Africa by means of laboratory bioassays since 1985, the first year of widespread pyrethroid use. For some years, this survey has shown a tendency for the pest to become more tolerant to pyrethroids. During the 1996 growing season, farmers using calendar-based spraying programmes reported control failures in various countries. The strong efficacy of cypermethrin on small larvae was confirmed in experimental plots, but the effect decreased quickly in successive instars. Bioassays performed on resistant strains revealed an increase in LD50 that was related to different resistance mechanisms. Metabolic resistance (MFO) appears to be a possible primary mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids. Target modification (kdr) is involved to a small degree and esterases seem to appear only after additional selection pressure

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