Linnaeus University
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När vuxna och barn genuint leker och har roligt tillsammans så hamnar vi i rörelse : En kvantitativ studie om hur förskollärare beskriver arbetet med fysisk aktivitet i förskolan
No full textBarns vardag präglas i allt högre grad av stillasittande aktiviteter i dagenssamhälle. Majoriteten av svenska barn spenderar idag större delen av sinvakna tid i förskolan, vilket gör förskolan till en viktig del att motverkastillasittande och de konsekvenser som tillkommer med det. Mot dennabakgrund är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur förskollärare uttryckersig om arbetet med fysisk aktivitet i förskolan. Studien fokuserar på hurförskollärare beskriver sitt arbete med fysisk aktivitet i den pedagogiskaverksamheten, vilka utmaningar som upplevs påverka möjligheterna attgenomföra fysisk aktivitet under förskoledagen samt vilka önskemål somuttrycks för att ytterligare utveckla och underlätta barns möjligheter tillfysisk aktivitet i förskolan. Det är en kvantitativ studie där datainsamlingensker genom en enkätundersökning som besvaras av 64 förskollärare.Enkätens frågor formuleras med utgångspunkt i ramfaktorteorin. Studienshuvudresultat visar en skillnad mellan förskollärares positiva inställning tillfysisk aktivitet och möjligheterna att genomföra det. Revideringen avläroplanen har än så länge haft ett begränsat genomslag. Studien visarvarierande resultat av hur ofta planerad fysisk aktivitet förekommer iförskolorna. Inomhusmiljön visar också vara en begränsade faktor påmajoriteten av förskolorna. Det framkommer även i resultatet ett behov avutveckling på både individuell, kollegial och organisatorisk nivå för attmöjliggöra ett mer likvärdigt och planerat arbete med fysisk aktivitet
Misinformation: A Threat to Political Trust? : -A quantitative analysis of the relationship between political trust and misinformation across 10 countries.
No full textThis thesis examined the relationship between misinformation and political trust in ten European countries across a 20 year period. It aimed to explore how misinformation is associated with political trust across the 20 year period, if that association changes following the onset of the so-called post-truth era and whether political trust is affected differently by misinformation in countries belonging to the two different cultural groups, Catholic Europe and Protestant Europe. A quantitative approach using a linear mixed model, or multilevel model, was used and the theories which underlined this thesis were systems theory and the concept of a post-truth era. Based on these theories the following hypotheses about the association between political trust and misinformation were formulated, (1) that the association would be negative across the entire period, (2) that it would intensify post-2016 and (3) that in the countries belonging to the Catholic Europe cultural group, political trust would be affected more by misinformation. None of these hypotheses were supported in the analysis. Nonetheless, the results provided new insights into misinformation’s association with political trust as it instead showed a positive association between the two. Based on previous research, it is theorized that this association is the result of misinformation framing certain actors positively and by doing so bolstering trust. Additionally, it contributed to the understanding of misinformation’s characteristics and development over time. It is possible to conclude that misinformation is a complex phenomenon that requires further research.
Numbers that scare and put a minus on selfconfidence : A Systematic literature review of the causes and effects of mathematics anxiety
No full textKänslan av nervositet och oro kring att utföra matematik är troligen något som många kan känna igen sig i. Matematikängslan är ett viktigt ämne då det redan kan infinna sig innan den formella skolgången startar. Det är även av stor vikt att öka lärares kompetens kring matematikängslan då den befaras öka under skolgången. Denna systematiska litteraturstudies främsta syfte är att identifiera de bakomliggande orsakerna till matematikängslan. Studiens syfte är även att undersöka hur dessa orsaker påverkar den matematiska prestationen. Frågeställningarna fokuserar på elever från förskoleklass till årskurs tre. Studien baseras på ett urval av tio olika artiklar som tillsammans utgör empirin. Artiklarna är från olika delar av världen för att skapa tillförlitlighet och generaliserbara resultat. Resultaten visar att matematikängslan orsakas av både inre och yttre faktorer. Det framkommer också att matematikängslan påverkar den matematiska prestationen direkt och indirekt genom mediering. Resultatet lyfter även fram lärares didaktiska val som har en stor inverkan på matematikängslan. Studien tyder på att ökad medvetenhet kring de orsaker som leder till negativa känslor om matematik är viktig för verksamma lärare. Detta för att kunna ge alla elever lika stor chans att nå målen i läroplanen
Art, Sports and Music in the After-School Center : Qualitative Study ofPractical-Aesthetic Activities for the Promotion of Mental Health and Well-Being
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att fördjupa förståelsen av hur lärare i fritidshem använder sina praktisk-estetiska ämneskunskaper för att främja psykiskt välbefinnande. Studien syftar även till att belysa vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som utmärker sig i detta arbete i verksamheten. För att besvara det användes en kvalitativ studie där semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex lärare i fritidshem, med olika praktisk-estetiska ämnesinriktningar, stod för vårt empiriska material. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av enfenomenografisk metod. Resultatet visade att lärare i fritidshem upplever ett tydligt samband mellan de olika praktisk-estetiska aktiviteterna, som att fria rörelser och fritt skapande gav eleverna engagemang och vilja att uttrycka sig. Studien visade också att lärarna använder sina ämneskunskaper på olika sätt, där eleverna får möta både materiella och sociala utmaningar under friare omständigheter än i skolan, vilket bidrar till stark självständighet, självkänsla och möjligheten att göra egna val. Samtidigt framkommer det begränsningar som brist på utbildad personal, ändamålsenliga lokaler och möjligheten att bedriva långsiktiga projekt. Slutsatserna utifrån detta är att fritidshemmets fokus på frivilligt deltagande utan mätbara kunskapskrav blir en betydelsefull arena för att främja elevers psykiska välbefinnande. Studien bidrar även med kunskap om hur praktisk-estetiska ämnen kan fungera som pedagogisk resurs i fritidshemmets verksamhet och lyfter behovet av organisatoriska förbättringar för att stärka detta arbete ytterligare
Who employ senior workers? Firm characteristics, working conditions, and employers’ main motivations
No full textWe use a unique Swedish company survey data to investigate the central characteristics of workplaces and firms that are employing old workers. We address four research questions: What are the main features of the companies/establishments employing senior workers? How do working conditions and work environments affect the demand of senior workers? What are the main reasons and motivations of employers to keep senior workers after the age of 65? What are the employers’ views regarding the efficiency of government policies to prolong working life? It is found that there is a large variation of firms with employees older than 65 between firm size and industry sectors. The main motivation to keep old workers is found to be the employees’ key competences and employees’ willingness to stay. Employers mainly support policy measures that encourage senior employees to continue working
Beliefs as a means of self-control? Evidence from a dynamic student survey
No full textWe repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort, in a large university course. A behavioral model of quasi-hyperbolic discounting and malleable beliefs predicts that the dynamics of beliefs mirrors the importance of exerting self-control, such that believed returns increase as the exam approaches, and drop post-exam. Exploiting variation in exam timing to control for common information shocks, we find this prediction confirmed: average believed study returns increase by about 20% over the period before the exam, and drop by about the same afterwards. Additional analyses further support the hypothesized mechanism that beliefs serve as a means of self-control
One click away from crime : A qualitative study on how social media is used as a tool for recruiting young people into criminal networks
No full textThis study examined how the Swedish Police Authority perceives and describes the use of social media as a tool for recruiting young people into criminal networks. Recruitment of young people into criminal activity has increasingly shifted to digital environments, while Swedish research has to a limited extent addressed how this recruitment takes place in practice. Against this background, the study aimed to contribute in-depth knowledge of the strategies that, from a policing perspective, are considered to underlie digital recruitment. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and was based on five semi-structured interviews with police employees who, into their professional roles, work with crime prevention, at-risk youth, and digital environments. The empirical material was analyzed using thematic analysis in accordance with Braun and Clarke, combined with an abductive approach in which empirical data and theory interacted. Akers’ social learning theory served as the theoretical framework to understand how norms, behaviors, and attitudes related to criminality may be learned and reinforced through social media. The results showed that social media function as a central arena for exposure to, contact with, and normalization of criminal behavior. Recruitment often begins on open platforms such as Snapchat and TikTok and subsequently transition to more closed and encrypted applications. The findings also demonstrated how criminal lifestyles are normalized through repeated exposure, imitation of role models, and social reinforcement in the form of status and validation. These processes contribute to criminal behavior being perceived as accepted and less deviant, particularly among young people in vulnerable life situations. Overall, the study contributes to an increased understanding of how social media operate as effective recruitment tools for criminal networks and highlights the need for preventive efforts to be adapted to the digital environments where young people spend much of their time.
Art Canon and the cultural gaze : A postcolonial comparative analysis of the work by W.G. Gulland and Osvald Sirén
No full textThis study examines how W.G. Gulland and Osvald Sirén, two influential figures inthe early Western engagement with Chinese art, constructed cultural authoritythrough different professional positionalities. Gulland a non-academic merchantcollector,derived authority from connoisseurship, access to collections, and socialnetworks, while Sirén, an academic art historian, grounded his authority in scholarlytraining, archaeological fieldwork, and institutional affiliation.Gulland’s writing emphasises material qualities, dynastic prestige, rarity, and visualappeal, framed through European tastes and selective use of sources. His approachillustrates the commercial and curatorial construction of authority, where collecting,display, and circulation determined which objects became canonical. The absence ofChinese voices and reliance on European intermediaries reflect dynamics identifiedby Said’s Orientalism, Spivak’s subaltern silences, and Chakrabarty’s critique ofhistoricism.Sirén’s scholarship situates Chinese art within historical, stylistic, and archaeologicalframeworks, translating Chinese visual culture into categories legible to Westernaudiences. His work demonstrates the academic and institutional construction ofauthority, combining comparative methods, textual evidence, and collaboration withChinese specialists, while also reflecting Eurocentric assumptions and essentialistinterpretations.Together, Gulland and Sirén illustrate complementary modes of Western authority,commercial and scholarly, that converged to embed Chinese art within Europeanmuseums and epistemologies. Their practices shaped the Western canon of Chineseart, influencing how it was interpreted, collected, and preserved
War and Press : Swedish Coverage of Soviet Union during World War II on Eastern Front, 1941 - 1945
No full textThis thesis presents the results of a study on the coverage of the Soviet Union during the Second World War by two Swedish newspapers, Smålandsposten and Socialdemokraten, which was later renamed Morgontidningen. The analysis focused on four key events of the war on the Eastern Front: Operation Barbarossa, the Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Stalingrad, and the Battle of Berlin. The study applies framing theory, which describes how the media portray reality by highlighting certain aspects and assigning them particular significance, there by influencing perceptions of the surrounding world. The method used was qualitative text analysis, through which articles and texts from 25 issues of Smålandsposten and 23 issues of Socialdemokraten/Morgontidningen were examined. The results show that the newspapers presented different images of the Soviet Union during the war, and that these images changed over time. The political orientations of the newspapers and developments on the Eastern Front played a significant role in shaping the representation of the Soviet Union in the Swedish press.
Modeling System Dynamics in Computational Thinking Integration Using Causal Loop Diagrams
No full textSystem dynamics provides a valuable framework for analyzing the complexities of a system over time. Using causal loop diagrams (CLDs), this study identifies two feedback mechanisms in the context of integrating computational thinking (CT) into education, focusing on leverage points such as coding-centric curricula and teacher competence development. The modeling shows how reinforcing and balancing feedback loops shape system behavior, demonstrating that interventions like coding-based approaches can deliver immediate benefits but risk hindering the long-term development of broader CT skills applicable to interdisciplinary problem-solving. The study enhances the analysis by uncovering patterns emerging from system dynamics, including the constraints limiting growth, reliance on symptomatic solutions, unintended consequences of quick fixes, and the prioritization of successful areas at the expense of others. These patterns highlight the importance of addressing foundational issues, such as teacher training and comprehensive curriculum design, to avoid overshadowing other critical goals of CT applications in interdisciplinary fields. By synthesizing CLDs, the study showcases the circular interactions between variables and the diverse dynamics influencing CT education, offering insights into potential scenarios and storylines for integrating CT into education systems