Linnaeus University
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Rolofylline vid akut hjärtsvikten litteraturstudie om effekt och säkerhet
No full textIntroduction: Acute heart failure (AHF) involves a rapid decline in cardiac pumpfunction, leading to congestion, dyspnea, and a high risk of readmission and mortality.Renal impairment is common, and diuretic resistance complicates fluid removal. Againstthis background, rolofylline — a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist — wasevaluated for its potential to improve natriuresis and diuresis.Aim: To critically assess the clinical efficacy and safety data—primarily from thePROTECT trial—that formed the basis for the decision to withdraw rolofylline from themarket in September 2009, with a focus on understanding the lack of clinical benefit andthe emergence of serious adverse events.Methods: A systematic PubMed search was conducted in September 2025. Ofapproximately 1,660 records, 18 publications remained after filtering. Five randomizedclinical studies were included: three Phase II trials evaluating the hemodynamic and renaleffects of rolofylline, the large Phase III PROTECT trial, and a complementary secondaryanalysis focusing on neurological safety outcomes and post-discharge prognosis.Results: Rolofylline increased urine output early and thereby reduced the need forintravenous furosemide. Creatinine improved at intermediate doses, but signs of increasedrisk for serious adverse events appeared at the highest dose. In the large PROTECT trial,no improvement was observed in sustained renal impairment or composite clinicaloutcomes compared with placebo, despite slightly greater weight loss; seizures were morefrequent. Hemodynamically, lower filling pressures and a slightly higher cardiac indexwere noted, but without lasting symptomatic or renal benefits. Post-discharge riskremained high, with urea, sodium, and albumin levels showing significant associationswith these outcomes.Conclusion: Rolofylline produces short-term increases in diuresis but does not improverenal function or hard clinical outcomes. The increased risk of neurological adverseevents, particularly seizures, persists. Given the limited clinical benefit and remainingsafety concerns, future focus should be directed toward developing individualizeddecongestion strategies and risk stratification
Sport successes, 'against all odds'
No full textInitially, as a scholastic horizon, the article reflects on general thesis/studies linked to sport participation and selection processes as well as in relation to talent identification and talent development. Yet, the basic departure - and the main subject - in the work is those elite athletes who, for some reason, ought to have been sorted out - due to various obstructions - but who have not been disregarded or ruled out in the general selection process, and in fact have had successes in elite sport, 'against all odds', notwithstanding cultural, physical, geographical and/or social difficulties and barriers. Thus, the article will revolve around issues related to differentness, whether what is considered different is of a social, cultural, physiological, or medical nature. Accordingly, discussions about normality and cultural hegemony stand as important elements in the approach, as well as in the analysis. This reasoning is, substantially, supported by interviews with four Swedish elite athletes, who have made a success on an elite level, 'against all odds'. By introducing the concept of 'the uncaptured' - as a balancing act at the edge of exclusion and inclusion - the analysis of these interviews results in a support of a wider and humanistic direction in talent identification and talent development, to encourage and support outsiders
Towards a person-centred holistic consultation framework for paramedics attending non-acute presentations : A multidisciplinary commentary
No full textIntroduction: Traditional rapid-assessment models may not be fully suited for the complex non-acute presentations that paramedics commonly encounter. As paramedicine evolves to meet non-acute patient needs, extended practice community paramedic roles are emerging to deliver holistic and collaborative community-based healthcare. Purpose: This commentary outlines the need for a person-centred holistic clinical consultation framework for paramedics attending complex non-acute presentations. A framework that provides a structured and systematic process for paramedics, particularly those who are transitioning into extended practice community paramedic roles, to guide them in conducting holistic person-centred assessments. This commentary highlights the importance of understanding the biopsychosocial factors influencing patient wellbeing and provides a conceptual foundational framework as an example for the paramedicine community to further develop and validate. Relevance: A standardised systematic consultation approach supports more effective communication, shared decision-making, and safe care planning. Such a framework aligns with professional standards to enhance interprofessional collaboration and improve health literacy and equity for structurally marginalised patients. Outcome: We propose a nine-phase clinical consultation framework for non-acute presentations to improve accuracy in clinical reasoning, paramedic confidence, and patient outcomes. Through patient engagement, trust-building, and addressing impacts of the social determinants of health, this framework aims to refine paramedic practice for complex non-acute presentations and support integrated care models. Conclusion: The proposed patient consultation framework aims to guide paramedics toward a structured, comprehensive approach for assessing non-acute presentations bridging the gap between rapid emergency-focused assessment and community-based care for complex and often undifferentiated non-acute presentations. As paramedics develop confidence in exploring each patient's individual biopsychosocial circumstances, they will be better positioned to enhance patient experiences and outcomes, further contributing meaningfully to their continuum of care
Fler äldre, färre händer – vägen framåt : Hållbar kompetensförsörjning som politisk utmaning: en fallstudie av äldreomsorgen i Kalmar kommun
No full textMore elderly, fewer hands: The way forward Sustaining the care workforce as a political challenge – A case study of elderly care in Kalmar Municipality This study examines how Human Capital Theory and New Public Management are reflected in the governance of eldercare in Kalmar municipality. Based on document analysis and interviews with politicians and senior officials, the study shows that investments in staff competence and well-being coexist with efficiency-oriented management practices. Rather than being contradictory, these approaches are often combined in everyday governance. The study concludes that the main challenge is not funding, but capacity and that sustainable eldercare depends on aligning national goals with local conditions and strong human capital. Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of long-term competence strategies and adaptive leadership. It also suggests that resilient welfare governance emerges when efficiency and learning are treated as mutually reinforcing rather than competing goals.
Lobbying and the EU Textile Strategy : A Qualitative Case Study of How Interest Groups and Companies Influence the Development of the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles
No full textThis thesis investigates how lobbying influences the European Union Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles (2020-2025). It asks which actors dominate, what strategies they use, and how these patterns can be explained by pluralism, corporatism, new institutionalism, and Klüver’s exchange logic. Using a qualitative case study with process tracing and text analysis, the study examines consultation data, official EU documents, and transparency reports. Findings show that commercial actors dominate consultations and expert groups, prioritising product-focused measures over systemic change, while transparency gaps enable informal influence. These dynamics reflect biased pluralism and privileged access, risking diluted sustainability goals. The thesis recommends stronger transparency rules, greater civil society participation, and system-level targets linked to ecodesign and producer responsibility
Portraying a catastrophe : The Irish Famine in the swedish press 1847
No full textThe Irish Famine of the 1840s was one of the most severe humanitarian catastrophes in modern European history. This thesis examines how the Irish famine was portrayed in the Swedish press during the year 1847, when mortality in Ireland reached its peak. The study analyses how three Swedish newspapers – Aftonbladet, Post- och Inrikes Tidningar, and Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning – reported on the famine, how Irish emigration was described, and how the responsibility and actions of the British government were represented. The results show that Swedish press coverage varied both over time and between newspapers. Early reporting was dominated by vivid descriptions of starvation and death, while later coverage increasingly focused on political measures, economic issues, and social unrest. The British government was framed both as a provider of aid and as inadequate in addressing the crisis. Overall, the study demonstrates that Swedish newspapers actively shaped Swedish perceptions of the Irish famine through selective framing and emphasis
The Representation of Gravitational Potential Energy in Upper Secondary Physics 1 : A Deductive and Inductive Content Analysis of Physics Textbooks
No full textDetta arbete undersöker hur begreppet lägesenergi behandlas i svenska läroböcker för gymnasiekursen Fysik 1. Studien omfattar fem läroböcker och genomförs genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med två ansatser. En deduktiv analys med ett kriteriebaserat verktyg kopplat till styrdokumenten samt en induktiv analys där fokuspunkter identifieras i läroboksmaterialet. I den första ansatsen visar analysen att läroböckerna i huvudsak behandlar centrala delar kopplade till lägesenergi i Fysik 1, men att de varierar i hur tydligt och sammanhängande begreppet byggs upp och används i energiresonemang, exempel och representationer. I den andra ansatsen visar analysen att lägesenergi genomgående kopplas till höjdskillnad och referensnivå, men att läroböckerna skiljer sig i återkommande innehåll och fokusområden, där vissa i större utsträckning betonar energiomvandlingar och sammanhållna resonemang medan andra främst betonar beräkningar, härledningar och mer avgränsade förklaringsmönster.This thesis investigates how gravitational potential energy is treated in Swedish upper-secondary physics textbooks for the Physics 1 course. The study includes five textbooks and employs qualitative content analysis using two complementary approaches: a deductive analysis based on a criterion-based framework aligned with national curriculum and subject syllabus documents, and an inductive analysis that identifies recurring themes and focal points in the material. Regarding the first research question, the analysis indicates that the textbooks generally address the core content related to gravitational potential energy in Physics 1, but they differ in how clearly and coherently the concept is developed and applied in energy reasoning, worked examples, and representations. Regarding the second research question, the analysis shows that gravitational potential energy is consistently linked to height differences and a chosen reference point, yet the textbooks vary in recurring content and emphases. Some place greater emphasis on energy transformations and coherent explanatory chains, whereas others primarily emphasize calculations, derivations, and more narrowly framed explanatory patterns
Did the U.S help the Taliban to come to power?
No full textThis study examines why the United States decided to negotiate with the Taliban and how this decision contributed to the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan in August 2021. After nearly twenty years of military involvement following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the United States signed the Doha Agreement with the Taliban in February 2020. Although the agreement did not officially include a regime change, it created conditions that weakened the Afghan government and strengthened the Taliban (United States–Taliban Agreement, 2020; Snider, 2022). The purpose of this study is to analyze the U.S. decision to negotiate with a group that had long been classified as a terrorist organization. The study uses realism and rational choice theory as its theoretical framework to understand U.S. foreign policy decisions. A qualitative text analysis is applied, based on scientific articles, official documents, and reports from international organizations. The findings show that the U.S. decision was mainly driven by national interests and rational cost–benefit calculations. The war in Afghanistan had become very costly in economic, political, and military terms, and the U.S. no longer viewed continued involvement as beneficial. Negotiating with the Taliban was therefore seen as a practical solution to end the war and withdraw U.S. forces (Sahel, 2020; Snider, 2022). The study concludes that the U.S. did not support the Taliban for ideological reasons. Instead, the Taliban’s return to power was an indirect result of U.S. strategic priorities and the decision to leave Afghanistan. While this decision may be understood as rational from a U.S. perspective, it had serious consequences for Afghanistan and the Afghan population, especially regarding human rights and political stability (UNAMA, 2022)
Köp först, tänk sen : En studie om unga vuxnas avsikt att använda BNPL/ Afterpay
No full textKöp med hjälp av “Buy Now, Pay Later” (BNPL) har ökat markant under de senaste åren, främst bland unga konsumenter. Trots denna ökning saknas en djupare förståelse för vad som ligger bakom ungas intentioner att använda dessa betalningstjänster. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka deras intentioner till köp med BNPL, med hjälp av Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) och ABC-modellen. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med personer mellan åldrarna 22-29. Respondenterna valdes ut efter särskilda kriterier och intervjuerna analyserades därefter utifrån tre aspekter: attityder, subjektiva normer och upplevd kontroll. Resultatet visar att delarna i TPB beskriver ungas intention till BNPL köp på olika sätt. Den uttryckta känslan att tjänsten är flexibel och smidig att använda, ger styrka åt den snabba affektiva komponenten i attityder, vilket ofta överrumplar den kognitiva delen som är medveten om risken. En av orsakerna till detta är den ökade always-on kulturen och sociala medier som finns i dagens samhälle, vilka förstärker de starka implicita normerna. Andra använder delbetalningstjänster mer planerat och för större köp eftersom att de kan betala när de passar deras ekonomi. Trots att de flesta förstår att BNPL är en typ av kredit och vad som innebär med delbetalningar räcker inte deras finansiella kunskap alla gånger till för att undvika impulsköp och köpbeslut som är ogenomtänkta. Studien bidrar med en förståelse för hur unga vuxna skapar sina intentioner i en digital konsumtionsmiljö. Resultatet kan även användas för framtida åtgärder som handlar om att stärka den ekonomiska kunskapen hos unga.
Från procedur till förståelse
No full textLäromedel spelar en central roll i matematikundervisningen i de tidiga skolåren och påverkar i hög grad vilka matematiska förmågor elever ges möjlighet att utveckla. Syftet med studien är att synliggöra i vilken utsträckning läromedlen Favorit matematik och Singma matematik ger elever möjlighet att utveckla metod- och begreppsförmåga inom området taluppfattning, samt hur progressionen framträder från årskurs 1 till 3 i böckerna. Studien genomfördes som en deduktiv innehållsanalys med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa inslag, där uppgifter inom addition och subtraktion analyserades och kodades. Analysen utgår från Sfards teori om matematiskt lärande, med fokus på operationellt och strukturellt tänkande samt faserna interiorization, condensation och reification. Resultaten visar att båda läromedlen domineras av operationella uppgifter som främjar metodförmågan. Progressionen mellan årskurserna är tydlig i båda läromedlen, men reifikationsfasen förekommer i begränsad omfattning. Studien bidrar med en vidare förståelse för hur läromedels utformning kan påverka samt utvecklas för att bidra med att stödja elevers långsiktiga matematiska förståelse och ger viktiga didaktiska implikationer för lärare vid val och användning av läromedel