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Konstruktionen av folkdjävlar : Hur polisen, politik och media i form av aktörer bidrar till reformer och repressalier
No full textWriting Development in Early Childhood Education : A Qualitative Study of Teachers’ Perceptions
No full textDenna studie bearbetar hur skrivinlärningen ser ut i förskoleklass och förskolan ur förskollärare och lärares syn. Studien lyfter problemområdet om läroplanens avsaknad om hur skrivinlärning ska planeras och struktureras. Studien är kvalitativ och metoden som applicerats är semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra förskollärare och fyra lärare i södra Sverige. Studiens teoretiska ansats utgår från den sociokulturella teorins begrepp, scaffolding och den proximala utvecklingszonen samt de didaktiska frågorna hur, vad och varför. Resultatet visar att en närvarande och stöttande pedagog ger barnen den största förutsättningen för sin skrivinlärning. I resultatet framkom det flera olika metoder för att arbeta med skrivinlärning som exempelvis arbetet i mindre grupper. Slutsatsen för studien är att förskolan och förskoleklassen arbetar liknande med skrivinlärningen i form av utförande
The long-term fertilization effect on the forest floor vegetation in North Sweden
No full textI linje med förordningen LULCF ska Sveriges skog och mark bidra till EU:s klimatarbete, detta kan uppnås genom att öka tillväxten med gödsling (Wikberg et al., 2023). Syftet med studien var att undersöka om artförekomsten skiljer sig mellan icke-gödslade bestånd och bestånd gödslade med bionäring och mineralnäring, 19 år efter genomförd gödsling. För att besvara syftet genomfördes en fältinventering med en inventeringsram på fyra lokaler i Norrbotten. Resultatet visade att artsammansättningen flyttas från risväxter till örtväxer när gödsel tillsätts. Resultatet visade ingen markant skillnad mellan det olika gödslingsbehandlingarna, emellertid visade det en indikation mellan det två gödslingsbehandlingarna i gruppen risväxter, medan det inte påträffades någon skillnad i grupperna örtväxter och totalt antal arter. Resultatet visade en skillnad i markvegetationen mellan det gödslingsbehandlade ytorna och det icke-gödslade ytorna 19 år efter genomförd gödsling. Studien visar att det finns långsiktiga effekter på markvegetationen i homogena tallbestånd i norra Norrbotten
Overuse injuries in male football players in Västmanland, Sweden : A survey study
No full textBakgrund: Fotboll är en av de mest populära sporterna i världen och antalet fotbollsspelare ökar med tiden, där en stor mängd spelar inom divisionsfotboll. Överbelastningsskador är vanligt och kan leda till långa rehabiliteringsperioder, förlorad speltid och ökade kostnader. Syfte: Att undersöka prevalensen av överbelastningsskador, skadelokalisation och träningsvolym hos manliga fotbollsspelare (18 till 30 år) i Västmanland inom division 2–7, samt undersöka eventuella skillnader i skadeprevalens mellan olika nivåer. Utöver detta syftar studien till att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan skador och tränings- och matchvolym. Metod: Digital enkätstudie med ett skadeformulär konstruerat utifrån Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) (Clarsen, Myklebust & Bahr 2013). Resultat: Skadeprevalensen var 1,25 skador (35 skador/28 deltagare) per deltagare och skadeincidensen var 4,6 skador per 1000 träning- och matchtimmar. Divisionsgrupp 2 (bestående av divisionerna 5–7) hade flest skador/spelare, men lägre skadenivåer (ett mått på skadans svårighetsgrad) än divisionsgrupp 1 (divisionerna 2–4). Majoriteten av skadorna var i nedre extremiteten. En signifikant negativ korrelation noterades mellan division och fot/underbensproblem, samt division och totala skadepoängen där skadenivån ökar med högre division. En tendens till skillnad noterades mellan divisionsgrupperna i skadepoäng för skulderblad och ländrygg. Ingen signifikant korrelation noterades mellan skadepoäng och träning- eller matchtimmar. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet och tidigare studier ses ett behov av skadeförebyggande arbete inom alla nivåer inom herrfotboll. Flera studier behövs inom fotboll i Sverige rörande överbelastningsskador.Background: Football is one of the most popular sports in the world and the number of football players is increasing over time, with a large number playing in divisional football. Overuse injuries are common and can lead to long rehabilitation periods, lost playing time and increased costs. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of overuse injuries, injury location and training volume in male soccer players (18 to 30 years old) in Västmanland, Sweden, in divisions 2–7 in. In addition, the study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between injuries and training and match volume. Method: Digital survey study with an injury questionnaire constructed based on the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O). Results: The injury prevalence was 1.25 injuries (35 injuries/28 perticipants) per participant and the injury incidence was 4.6 injuries per 1000 training and match hours. Divisiongroup 2 (consisting of divisions 5-7) had the most injuries/player, but lower injury levels (a measure of the severity of injury) than divisiongroup 1 (divisions 2-4). The majority of injuries were in the lower extremities. A significant negative correlation was noted between division and foot/lower leg problems, as well as division and total injury scores, where injury score increases with higher division. A tendency to difference was noted between division groups in injury scores for the scapula and lumbar spine. No significant correlation was noted between injury scores and training or match hours. Conclusion: Based on the results and previous studies, there is a need for injury prevention work at all levels in male soccer. More studies are needed in organized football in Sweden regarding overuse injuries
Data as support in school : On the reflexive use of data and learning analytics for teaching and school development
No full textData use refers to a procedure in which data are processed into information that is analysed and interpreted into knowledge to serve as a basis for pedagogical decisions and actions. Research shows that data usage may promote student learning and well-being, support teachers in assessment and classroom practice, and assist schools in developing their practice. At the same time, its effects are uncertain, and research also shows that data usage can decrease learning motivation, as well as increase inequality within education. Therefore, a critical perspective is needed in this regard. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which various forms of data can be used to support reflexive school practice, including support for student learning, teaching, and schools’ local development, and problematise the opportunities and challenges that a data-based practice can entail. The aim is to provide coherent knowledge about data usage in pedagogical practice from primary school to upper-secondary school, with a particular interest in exploring how teachers interpret and translate data, using them as a resource in their classroom practice. Based on four studies, which are presented as four articles, this thesis explores the use and impact of learning analytics on teaching and learning, teachers’ experiences of data use, meaningful aspects regarding teachers’ joint data usage, and how data usage can contribute to joint learning and school development. The first and second studies included in the thesis are reviews, a research review and a meta-review, respectively. The third and fourth studies are empirical studies in which qualitative methods of analysis are applied via method triangulation and critical hermeneutics, respectively. Data use is framed as a theory of action. Hence, the pedagogical action theory is an appropriate framework within which to analyse actions and intended actions related to data usage. Pedagogical action theory is a modern critical theory of education that includes theories of Bildung, curriculum, didactics, and pedagogy. It also allows data usage to be studied as an interdisciplinary phenomenon that exists between pedagogy and computer science. To process and discuss results published within different scientific fields, this thesis uses critical hermeneutics, which can be applied to merge perspectives into a common understanding. To understand data usage in relation to the added complexity involved in technology use, technocultural education is also included in the theoretical framework. The combined results indicate that data can be used in a reflexive manner if usage is performed with awareness of the data and the overall milieu, as well as according to a common goal, a predetermined purpose, and an intersubjective perspective
Addressing cyber violence in school : A qualitative study of school counsellors’ work with cyber violence among different secondary schools.
No full textThis study examines how school counselors perceive their assignment in relation to cyber violence and how they deal with it in everyday school life. It addresses how school counselors work preventively and remedially, and how school counselors experience and interpret their discretion in working with cyber violence. Despite previous research showing that cyber violence can have consequences for young people's schooling, safety and mental health, there is limited knowledge about how school counselors perceive and design their work in this area. The study was conducted using qualitative interviews with eight school counselors from different secondary schools in Sweden (grades 7-9). The data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. The results show that the preventive work mainly consists of efforts aimed at groups, such as making the school mobile-free and spreading knowledge and information to students, guardians and staff. However, the results also showed that the preventive work consists of building relationships with students. The remedial work consists mainly of conversations with students. Furthermore, the study results show that the majority consider that there is a lot of room for discretion in relation to cyber violence. The main limitation is the lack of clarity in responsibility and tasks. The results also show an inherent ambiguity in cyber violence, where both victims and perpetrators can be difficult for the school counselor to identify. It can also be difficult to know what is true or false when violence occurs on digital platforms. Finally, the study contributes with a deeper understanding of how school counselors perceive their task in relation to digital violence, how they handle this in everyday school life and its importance for practical social work.
"... hints, not solutions" : A qualitative study on how feedback is used during problem solving in upper secondary mathematics teaching.
No full textFeedback är ett kraftfullt pedagogiskt verktyg, särskilt i matematik där elevers problemlösningsförmåga behöver utvecklas. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur matematiklärare på gymnasienivå definierar, använder och anpassar feedback i detta syfte. Studien besvarar tre frågor: vilka typer av feedback som används, vad feedback innebär för lärarna och hur de anpassar den för att stödja problemlösning. Empirin har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och klassrumsobservationer med fem legitimerade matematiklärare. Data har analyserats tematiskt med stöd av tidigare forskning. Resultaten visar att lärarna uppfattar feedback som ett dubbelfunktionellt verktyg för både relationsbyggande och kognitiv utveckling. I praktiken observerades frekvent användning av både feedback på individnivå och vägledande frågor. Vid problemlösning sker en tydlig strategisk anpassning, där lärarna övergår från att ge direkta instruktioner till att i större utsträckning agera som ett stöd genom ledtrådar, dialog och avvaktande tystnad. Detta är en praxis som kan förstås som en tillämpning av scaffolding. Studien bidrar med en fördjupad förståelse för hur feedback används i svensk matematikundervisning på gymnasiet. Den visar både möjligheterna och utmaningarna som lärare möter när de försöker använda feedback mer strategiskt, särskilt för att stärka elevers problemlösningsförmåga.
A look into the virosphere of clouds : A world yet to be explored
No full textClouds are aqueous atmospheric systems hosting diverse and active microorganisms. Viruses may also persist despite harsh conditions, support active viral infections, and contribute to microbial dynamics during aerial transport. However, assessing viruses, and even more, virus-bacteria interactions in the atmospheric environment is highly challenging, and knowledge remains very limited. Here, based on current knowledge in cloud microbiology, we estimate the cloud virome at -1021 virus particles globally. One out of a million of cloud droplets is susceptible to host virus-bacteria interactions, which represents considerable volume at global scale, and we discuss potential implications for microbial ecology. We finally propose future research directions to explore further the cloud virosphere and its ecological roles
Climate impacts of timber-frame buildings in a life cycle perspective : Implications of static and dynamic modelling approaches for biogenic carbon accounting
No full textThis study explores the climate change effects of building with wood structural frames in a life cycle perspective, with a focus on biogenic carbon. Analyses of a timber-frame building are carried out considering fossil and biogenic carbon flows during the production, construction, use, and end-of-life stages of the building. Both static and dynamic life cycle modelling are used and compared, to understand the implications of different biogenic carbon accounting methods, including a simplified approach and an entire chain approach integrating biogenic carbon flows from forestry, construction, and energy sectors. The findings show significant differences between the modelling approaches. Over a 100-year analysis period, the static modelling with simplified biogenic carbon accounting indicates a building life cycle climate impact of 164 kgCO2e/m2, and is the same when excluding and including biogenic carbon flows. The dynamic modelling with simplified biogenic carbon accounting indicates a life cycle climate impact at year 100 of 199 and 91 kgCO2e/m2 when excluding and including biogenic carbon flows, respectively. The corresponding life cycle climate impact for dynamic modelling with entire chain accounting of biogenic carbon flows is 51 kgCO2e/m2. The production stage dominates the building's life cycle climate impact, with insulation contributing the most. Overall, the dynamic modelling of biogenic carbon flows across the entire chain results in a significantly lower life cycle climate impact for the building. This study underscores the importance of robust accounting for GHG emissions, including biogenic carbon, to optimize the climate impacts of wood-based buildings
Knowledge ecosystem emergence : Organizing participation, identity, and actorhood to bridge the governance void
No full textMulti-organizational collaborations involving the industry, academia, and government have become prevalent in developing knowledge to address complex societal problems. These fluid and loosely coupled forms of collaboration, known as knowledge ecosystems, provide the necessary organizing elements for the search and creation of new knowledge. While the literature acknowledges the prevalence of knowledge ecosystems, it remains relatively silent on how their organization develops over time. This lacuna in our understanding is problematic, given the challenge of governance voids for cross-sectoral knowledge collaborations, which lead to difficulties in mobilizing action, securing resources, and ultimately achieving the knowledge-related goals of these collaborations. To address this gap, we theorize knowledge ecosystems as meta-organizations, examining how they gradually develop organizing elements that bridge the initial governance void. Empirically, we draw on an in-depth field case study of the High-Capacity Transport ecosystem in Sweden, demonstrating how three interrelated organizational elements—participation, identity, and actorhood—emerge through an iterative, yet broadly sequential process to resolve governance void challenges in resourcing, belonging, and collective action. Furthermore, we identify discursive and performative meta-organizational practices that enable the actors to collectively enact the aforementioned organizational elements and to engage in knowledge search. We further demonstrate how the organization of knowledge ecosystems is never ‘complete’ and the governance void remains only partially resolved, given the underdefined nature of new knowledge as the ecosystem's shared goal. Overall, our process model contributes to the theory, practice, and policy of knowledge ecosystem emergence and organizing