Afyon Kocatepe University

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    26509 research outputs found

    Evaluation and integration of spaceborne altimetry missions for inland water level monitoring: a multi-country study

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    Inland water level monitoring is necessary for understanding human activity and climate change. Thanks to advances in technology, satellite-based altimeter systems have collected and continue to collect useful data in Earth’s orbit since 1985. One of these altimeter systems is the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, which launched in December 2022. In this study, the performance of the SWOT satellite is compared with gauge station data in 23 inland waters selected from four different countries. In this study, in addition to the SWOT satellite, the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) and Sentinel-3 satellites were systematically analysed and their performance was compared with each other.. Finally, the regional performance of the individual satellite systems is analyzed. After the filtering of all three satellites, it was observed that the water level can be monitored with sub-meter accuracy in inland water-based results. In the time series created with the integration of the three satellites, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was between 0.16 m and 0.63 m. When the results are analyzed regionally, all satellite systems gave results better than ?0.5 m according to RMSE. As a result, due to the 21-day revisit time of the SWOT satellite, which started its mission at the end of 2022, and its high spatial resolution compared to other radar altimeter satellite systems, inland water levels can be monitored with higher capability by integrating with other satellites and creating time series. © 2025 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies

    A review on takfir and violence in Yusuf al-Qaradawi

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    Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yusuf el-Karadâvî'nin tekfir ve şiddet düşüncesini, teorik ve pratik yönleriyle incelemektir. Yusuf el-Karadâvî, fıkıh, kelam, hadis gibi birçok alanda çalışmalar yapmış, çağımızın Müslümanlarının problemlerine çözümler bulmuş, Müslümanların dikkatini çekmiş bir İslam âlimdir. Çalışmamızda Karadâvî'nin eserleri ve akademik çalışmaları, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak bilimsel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Bu incelemede özellikle tekfir ve şiddet konuları, bunların sebepleri ve çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın birinci bölümde, Yusuf el- Karadâvî'nin hayatı, ilmi kişiliği, ilmi yöntemleri ve çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, tekfir ve şiddetle ilgili kavramlar araştırılıp Karadâvî'nin bu kavramları nasıl açıkladığı araştırılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Karadâvî'nin tekfir konusunda başvurduğu kelam ve fıkıh âlimlerinin görüşleri, Karadâvî'nin tekfir ve şiddet olgusu, çözüm yolları, tekfir ve şiddetle ilgili görüşleri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmamızı yaparken eserlerinde doğrudan konuyla ilgili bilgi bulunamaması halinde, benzer konulardaki düşünceleri araştırılmış ve konu ile bağlantı kurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmamızda, Karadâvî'nin tekfir ve şiddet olgusu, tekfir ve şiddetin nedenleri, tekfir ve şiddet problemine çözüm olabilecek düşünceleri delilleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmuştur. Tekfir ve şiddet, çok boyutlu ele alınması gereken Müslümanları tarih boyunca olumsuz etkilemiş bir konudur. Bu konuda toplumsal uzlaşının sağlanması için çalışmaların yapılması, din dilinin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve barış ile hoşgörü ekseninde şekillendirilmesi önemlidir.The aim of this study is to examine Yusuf al-Qaradawi's theoretical and practical aspects of takfir and violence. Yusuf al-Qaradawi is an Islamic scholar who has worked in many fields such as fiqh, theology, hadith, found solutions to the problems of Muslims of our age, and attracted the attention of Muslims. In our study, Qaradawi's works and academic studies were analyzed with a scientific approach using qualitative research method. In this analysis, especially the issues of takfir and violence, their causes and solutions have been emphasized. In the first part of this study, Yusuf al- Qaradawi's life, scholarly personality, scholarly methods and works are discussed. In the second part, the concepts of takfir and violence are investigated and how al- Qaradawi explains these concepts are investigated. In the third part, the views of the theological and fiqh scholars that Qaradawi refers to on takfir, Qaradawi's views on the phenomenon of takfir and violence, solutions, and his views on takfir and violence are discussed. In the course of conducting the present study, in the event that no information directly related to the subject could be found in his works, his thoughts on similar subjects were searched and a connection was established with the subject. Consequently, in this study, Qaradawi's views on the phenomenon of takfir and violence, the causes of takfir and violence, and his thoughts that can be a solution to the problem of takfir and violence have been put forward with evidence. Takfir and violence is a multidimensional issue that has negatively affected Muslims throughout history. It is important to work for social consensus on this issue, to revise the language of religion and to shape it on the axis of peace and tolerance

    Extraction Of Clinical Entities from Chest Radiology Reports Using NLP Methods

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    Radiology reports are essential for clinical decision-making and diagnosis, containing complex and detailed information. However, their unstructured nature makes efficient processing and analysis challenging, increasing the workload of healthcare professionals and slowing down clinical workflows. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques provide effective solutions by extracting meaningful information from such texts, reducing expert workload, and expediting decision-making processes. This study focuses on Named Entity Recognition (NER) in chest radiology reports using the RadGraph dataset, annotated with four tag types. The objective is to compare the performance of two NLP models—BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) —to identify the most suitable approach for clinical data. Various training parameters, including learning rate, optimization algorithm, and input size, were optimized to enhance model performance. To address the class imbalance in the dataset, data augmentation techniques were applied, and both models were fine-tuned. The results revealed that BERT, leveraging its attention mechanism, demonstrated superior performance in identifying complex terms and entities, outperforming LSTM in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. While LSTM effectively captured long-term dependencies, it required longer training times. This research highlights the potential of NLP in automating the extraction of clinical entities from radiology reports. It provides valuable insights for optimizing models and developing clinical decision support systems, ultimately aiming to enhance the efficiency of healthcare workflows

    Structural, Surface, and Optical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Al:ZnO (NAZO) Thin Films Produced by a Thermionic Vacuum Arc Deposition Technology

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    Nitrogen (N)-doped Al:ZnO (NAZO) thin films were deposited on glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by a thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) technique. The structural, surface morphology, and optical properties of the produced thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The microstructure properties of the produced thin films on two substrates were compared, and metal oxide phases were observed in the XRD patterns and photoluminescence spectra. 2.75, 3.10, and 3.30 eV band gaps were detected. The transmittance values were approximately 90% and 60% for the film deposited onto uncoated and ITO-coated glass, respectively. According to field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images, the crystallite size is nanoscale, and its dimensions are approximately 60 and 20 nm for the film deposited onto uncoated and ITO-coated glass substrates, respectively. Atomic ratios of zinc/aluminum were 9.25/0.56, and 5.42/0.22 for uncoated and ITO-coated glass substrate, respectively. All samples were coated with the same coating process, and no post-annealing process was applied to the sample.Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Council [BAP 23FENED23]The research activity was supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Council with grant number BAP 23FENED23

    Rooftop solar power plant design, economic and environmental analysis (Hatay Province example)

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    Bu çalışma Hatay ilinin iklim şartları ve elektrik talepleri göz önünde bulundurularak çatı üstü güneş enerji santrali tasarımının ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. PVsyst programının 7.4 sürümü kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen simülasyonlarla, yatırım maliyeti, elektrik üretimi ve geri dönüş süresi gibi ekonomik unsurlar üzerinde odaklanılmıştır. Çevresel analizde ise güneş enerjisinin elektrik enerjisine dönüşümünün karbon emisyonu üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Tasarlanan sistemin ekonomik ömrü 25 yıl olarak varsayılmış ve simülasyon sonucunda yılda 352.043 kWh enerji üretimi, %81,20 performans oranı ve 4,2 yıl geri ödeme süresi elde edilmiştir. Sistemin ekonomik ömrü boyunca 3543,4 ton karbon emisyonunun önlenmesi ve ihtiyaç fazlası enerjinin şebekeye aktarılabilmesi de projenin çevresel ve ekonomik faydalarını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın sonuçları 2023 yılında gerçekleşen Kahramanmaraş depremleri sonrası yeniden yapılanma sürecinde olan bölgeler için güneş enerjisi projelerinin tasarımı ve uygulanmasında önemli bir rehber niteliği taşımakta olup yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının Hatay örneğinde incelenmesinin, sürdürülebilir yeniden yapılanma için benzer analizlerin diğer bölgeler için de yapılmasına ve benzer sistemlerin uygulanmasına öncülük edebileceği değerlendirilmektedir.This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of designing a rooftop solar power plant in Hatay, considering the region's climatic conditions and electricity demand. Simulations conducted using PVsyst software version 7.4 focused on economic factors such as investment cost, electricity generation, and payback period. In the environmental analysis, the impact of solar energy conversion on carbon emissions was examined. The designed system was assumed to have an economic lifes of 25 years, and the simulation results indicated an annual energy production of 352,043 kWh, a performance ratio of 81.20%, and a payback period of 4.2 years. Over its economic lifespan, the system is expected to prevent 3,543.4 tons of carbon emissions and enable the transfer of surplus energy to the grid, demonstrating its environmental and economic benefits. Additionally, the findings of this study serve as a significant guideline for the design and implementation of solar energy projects in regions undergoing reconstruction following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The examination of renewable energy utilization through the Hatay case study suggests that similar analyses for other regions could contribute to sustainable reconstruction efforts and facilitate the adoption of comparable systems

    The anti-coronaviral activity of singular and mixed formulation of dill essential oil (Anethum graveolens L.) and tannic acid (Quercus infectoria)

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    Due to the limitations in antiviral treatments for viral infections, the search for natural compounds with biocompatible and antiviral activities has gained importance. In this study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of a unique formulation (DEO/TA-mix, Uluvir (R)) at the stages of viral replication, adsorption, penetration, repeated doses, and direct inactivation of the selected model virus, Bovine coronavirus (BCoV). In the presence of DEO (from Anethum graveolens L.)/ TA (Quercus infectoria extract) mix, 99.94% inhibition was observed in the mean viral titer values of BCoV at the 48th h of replication, while the inhibition activity stopped at the 96th h. With the addition of DEO/TA-mix every 48 h after virus inoculation, viral replication was inhibited by 98.79% at the 120th h. Treatment of BCoV with DEO/TA-mix showed 99.58% inhibition at the adsorption stage and 43.77% inhibition at the penetration stage in the viral titer. In the direct inactivation efficacy of DEO/TA-mix on BCoV, the mean viral titers decreased by 0.5 to 3.0 log in a time-dependent manner. The antiviral activity of DEO/TA-mix is predicted to be more effective in the early stages of BCoV replication. In addition, an additional dose of DEO/TA-mix every 48 h during the viral replication phase increases and prolongs the inhibition rates on viral titers. This study has demonstrated that DEO/TA-mix shares high antiviral activity and may be evaluated as a potential drug for virus infections

    The effect of museum visitor experience on intention to revisit and recommend: The case of Afyonkarahisar Museum

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    Günümüzde müzeler, yalnızca kültürel mirasın sergilendiği mekânlar olmanın ötesine geçerek, keyif ve rahatlama, sadakat, görsel beğenme, bilgi edinme, itibar ve toplumsal etkileşim gibi çok boyutlu işlevleriyle ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çok yönlü deneyimler, ziyaretçilerin memnuniyet düzeylerini ve müzeye yönelik gelecekteki davranışlarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, ziyaret deneyimini oluşturan faktörlerin tekrar ziyaret etme ve tavsiye etme niyeti üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, müze yönetimleri açısından stratejik kararlar için önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar Müzesi ziyaretçilerinin deneyimlerinin tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye etme niyeti üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma nicel yönteme dayalı olarak tasarlanmış, veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Afyonkarahisar Müzesi’ni ziyaret eden 400 kişiyle yüz yüze anket uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik analiz programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki ölçekler, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinden geçirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere, demografik özelliklerin anlamlı farklılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve ANOVA analizleri uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra korelasyon ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizleri aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, müze deneyimini oluşturan boyutların, ziyaretçilerin tekrar ziyaret etme ve tavsiye etme niyetleri üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.Today, museums go beyond simply being spaces for displaying cultural heritage and stand out with their multifaceted functions, including pleasure and relaxation, loyalty, visual appreciation, information acquisition, reputation, and social interaction. These multifaceted experiences significantly influence visitors' satisfaction levels and future behaviors toward the museum. In this context, examining the impact of the factors that shape the visitor experience on revisit and recommendation intentions provides important information for museum management to make strategic decisions. This study aims to determine the impact of Afyonkarahisar Museum visitors' experiences on revisit and recommendation intentions. The research was designed using quantitative methods and used a survey technique as the data collection tool. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 400 visitors to the Afyonkarahisar Museum, and the resulting data was analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis software. The scales in the study were subjected to validity and reliability analyses. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA analyses were applied to the obtained data to determine significant differences in demographic characteristics. Correlation and simple linear regression analyses were then used. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the dimensions that make up the museum experience have a significant and positive effect on visitors' intentions to revisit and recommend

    Holstein sığırında kafatasının morfometrik analizi: Bilgisayarlı tomografi çalışması

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    Most craniometric studies have been conducted on dry skulls. This study aims to identify the craniometric characteristics of the skull in Holstein cows using Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Fourteen Holstein cow heads were utilized, scanned via CT, and images were processed with the DICOM Viewer software program. Seventeen craniometric measurements (13 extracranial, 4 intracranial) were obtained through the program's multiplanar reconstruction tool, and 14 indexes were calculated based on these morphometric data. In Holstein cow, total length was 519.4 ±21.7 mm, basal length was 472.1 ±22.2 mm, viscerocranium length was 288.4 ±17.4 mm. Further, the greatest frontal breadth was 225.4±8.5 mm, while the length of the cranial cavity1, length of the cranial cavity2, maximum width, and maximum height of the cranial cavity were 140.5 ±6.4, 116.8 ±4.3, 103.3 ±4.4 and 96.6 ±4.7 mm, respectively. Skull index was 43.4±1.3, facial index was 78.3±3.7, basal index was 47.8±1.8, foramen magnum index was 83.1 ±3.2, cranial cavity index1 was 73.6 ±4.6, and length-width index1 was found to be 136.3 ±8.1. This study provides initial reference data on the morphometric properties of the Holstein cow skull, derived through a reproducible measurement protocol. These findings offer valuable insights for veterinary anatomists, radiologists, clinicians, and researchers in terms of both the data and methodology presented. Craniometric data may assist in diagnosing head region pathologies, pre-surgical planning (such as trepanation, dehorning, and facial surgery), and in applications of regional anesthesia. Additionally, these findings have potential future applications in assessing skull morphology changes related to breed and gender, and in correlating skull dimensions with meat and milk production data.Craniometrik çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu kuru kafatası üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Holstein sığırında Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüler üzerinde kafatasının craniometrik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada toplam 14 adet dişi Holstein sığır başı kullanıldı. Başlar BT ile tarandı ve görüntüler DICOM Viewer yazılım programına aktarıldı. Programın multiplanar reconstruction aracı kullanılarak toplam 17 kraniyometrik (13 ekstracranial-4 intracranial) ölçüm gerçekleştirildi ve bu morfometrik veriler kullanılarak 14 adet index hesaplandı. Holstein sığırında total uzunluk 519.4±21.7, basal uzunluk 472.1±22.2, viscerocranium uzunluğu 288.4±17.4, frontal genişlik 225.4±8.5 mm iken, cavum cranii uzunluğu1, cavum cranii uzunluğu2, cavum cranii’nin maksimum genişliği ve yüksekliği sırasıyla 140.5±6.4, 116.8±4.3, 103.3±4.4 ve 96.6±4.7mm idi. Skull index 43.4±1.3, facial index 78.3±3.7, basal index 47.8±1.8, foramen magnum index 83.1±3.2, cavum cranii index1 73.6±4.6 ve uzunluk-genişlik index1 136.3±8,1 olarak belirlendi. Holstein sığırında tekrarlanabilir bir ölçüm protokolü ile kafatasının morfometrik özelliklerine ait ilk referans niteliğinde veriler elde edildi. Araştırma sonuçları hem sunulan veriler yönüyle hem de metodoloji yönüyle veteriner anatomistler, radyologlar, klinisyenler ve diğer araştırmacılara fayda sağlayabilir. Kraniometrik bilgi, baş bölgesinde şekillenebilecek patolojilerin tanısında, cerrahi öncesi planlamada (trepanasyon, boynuz kesimi ve yüz bölgesi cerrahisi vb.), bölgesel anestezi uygulamalarında katkı saylayabilir. Ayrıca bulgular gelecekte ırk ve cinsiyete bağlı kafatası morfolojisinin gelişimsel değerlendirilmesinde, etçi ve sütçü ırklarda kafatası boyutları arasındaki ilişkinin tanımlanmasında kullanılabilir

    Prediction of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Steel Welds with Artificial Neural Networks

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    The mechanical properties of the weld metals are dependent on the alloying elements and the microstructure of the weld metal. Neural network analysis is widely applicable in various fields, aiming to enhance efficiency thorough analysis. The application of artificial intelligence techniques for the rapid and accurate determination of physical properties offers a significant time, cost and labor advantage in industrial production processes due to the time consuming and costly nature of traditional methods. This study was aimed to investigate the relationships between structural and microstructural properties against alloying elements in SMAW weld metal using neural networks and to analyze them through this innovative methodology. In this study, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is utilized to predict the physical properties of weld metal through artificial neural networks approach using 94 sets of weld metal composition and microstructural properties. The success rates of the modelling were found to be 93.14% for acicular ferrite, 95.92% for hardness, 94.17% for yield strength, and 96.32% for ultimate tensile strength. It is also feasible to make reverse predictions of weld metal composition in order to predict weld metal properties such as hardness, yield strength, acicular ferrite percentage and ultimate tensile strength within a range of alloying elements percentages, with a reasonable degree of accuracy

    Investigating the effect of generative artificial intelligence-assisted programming education on various variables

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    Bu çalışma, lise düzeyinde programlama eğitiminde üretken yapay zekâ desteğinin çeşitli değişkenler üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ülkemizdeki Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Liselerinin büyük çoğunluğunda Bilişim Teknolojileri alanı bulunmaktadır, Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Liseleri haricindeki liselerde de zorunlu veya seçmeli Bilişim Teknolojileri dersi verilmektedir. Bu derslerin en önemli kısmını programlama eğitimi oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzün hızla dijitalleşen dünyasında, programlama eğitimi giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Yapay Zekâ gibi ileri teknolojilerin eğitim süreçlerine entegrasyonu, öğrencilerin dijital becerilerini geliştirmelerine, programlama derslerinin öğrenilmesine ve gelecekteki teknolojiye daha iyi hazırlanmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Yapay zekâ, eğitim süreçlerinin tamamına girmeye başlamış veya başlama potansiyeline sahip bir hale gelmiştir. Ülkemizde üretken yapay zekâ desteğiyle programlama eğitimi konusunda akademik çalışmalar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Hem öğretmenlerin, hem öğrencilerin, hem de program yapıcıların kısa zamanda içinde çoklukla görmeye başlanılacak olan bu teknolojinin etkilerini görme ve bu değişime hazırlıklı olabilmeye ihtiyacı vardır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Ankara ili Mamak ilçesinde yer alan bir Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi'nin Bilişim Teknolojileri Alanı öğrencilerinin programlama eğitiminde, üretken yapay zekâ desteğinin çeşitli değişkenler üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Öğrencilerin programlama eğitimi alırken üretken yapay zekâ ile desteklenmelerinin, bilgi işlemsel düşünme, bilgisayar programlama öz yeterlik algısı ve bilgisayar programlama derslerinde öğrenme motivasyonu değişkenleri üzerindeki etkisi bu çalışmanın odak noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları, üretken yapay zekâ destekli programlama eğitiminin; algoritmik düşünme, problem çözme ve eleştirel düşünme gibi bilişsel beceriler üzerinde büyük etkiler sağladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, öğrenme motivasyonu ve programlama öz yeterlik algısı gibi değişkenler üzerinde de güçlü gelişimler ortaya konmuştur. Özellikle öğrencilerin öğrenme motivasyonu alt boyutlarında tutum, beklenti, belirgin hedefler ve sosyal etkileşim gibi faktörlerin olumlu etkilenmesi dikkat çekicidir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, yapay zekâ destekli programlama eğitiminin uzun vadeli etkilerini ve etik boyutlarını ele alarak daha detaylı bir çerçeve sunabilir. Bu alandaki araştırmaların genişletilmesi, öğrencilerin dijital becerilerini geliştirmekle kalmayıp eğitimde eşitlik ve erişilebilirlik açısından önemli faydalar sağlayabilir.This study aims to examine the effects of generative artificial intelligence support on various variables in programming education at the high school level. The vast majority of Vocational and Technical Anatolian High Schools in our country have an Information Technologies field, and compulsory or elective Information Technologies courses are also offered in high schools other than Vocational and Technical Anatolian High Schools. Programming education constitutes the most significant part of these courses. In today's rapidly digitalizing world, programming education is becoming increasingly important. In this context, the integration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence into educational processes can help students enhance their digital skills, improve their understanding of programming courses, and be better prepared for future technologies. Artificial Intelligence has begun to permeate all educational processes or shows strong potential to do so. Academic studies have started to focus on programming education with the support of generative artificial intelligence in our country. Teachers, students, and curriculum developers need to understand the impacts of this technology, which is likely to become widespread in the near future, and be prepared for this transformation. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the impact of generative artificial intelligence support on various variables in the programming education of students in the Information Technologies Department of a Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School located in the Mamak district of Ankara. This study focuses on the effects of generative artificial intelligence support on computational thinking, self-efficacy perceptions in computer programming, and learning motivation in computer programming courses. The study results indicate that generative AI-supported programming education has significant effects on cognitive skills such as algorithmic thinking, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Additionally, substantial improvements were observed in variables like learning motivation and programming self-efficacy perception. Particularly notable is the positive impact on subdimensions of learning motivation, including attitude, expectations, clear goals, and social interaction. Future studies can provide a more detailed framework by addressing the long-term effects and ethical dimensions of AI-supported programming education. Expanding research in this field not only enhances students' digital skills but also offers significant benefits in terms of equity and accessibility in education

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