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Teachers vs. large language models: ethical decision-making across educational dilemmas in Turkish schools
No full textThis study compares the moral reasoning of three large language models (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Grok) with that of 208 public school teachers from Afyonkarahisar, T & uuml;rkiye, across five school-based dilemmas. Using an embedded mixed-methods design, researchers collected yes/no decisions and justifications, coding responses into seven normative frameworks (utilitarianism, deontology, Rawlsian justice, care, virtue, rights-based, social contract). Chi-square tests examined associations between decisions and demographics. LLMs produced highly uniform outcomes, drawing primarily on utilitarian, deontological, and Rawlsian lenses, while teachers exhibited ethical pluralism, invoking diverse frameworks. Convergence between teacher and LLM responses was stronger in rule- and equity-based scenarios (grading, discipline, support room) and weaker in contested dilemmas (strike, after-hours help). Gender showed no associations; school type was associated with decisions in two scenarios, reflecting T & uuml;rkiye's exam-oriented culture. Overall, teachers' decisions were more context-sensitive and pluralistic than those of LLMs, underscoring the need for sustained human oversight when applying LLMs to school ethics
Correction to: Locomotor performance parameters as predictors of high-performing male soccer teams. A multiple-season study on professional soccer (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (28547), 10.1038/s41598-024-80181-z)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80181-z, published online 18 November 2024 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Zeki Akyildiz, which was incorrectly given as Zeki Akildiz. The original Article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2025
FPGA based remote programmable and monitorable circuit board design and application
Full text linkFPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array - Alanda Programlanabilir Kapı Dizileri) çipleri, yüksek performans, paralel işleme kabiliyeti ve düşük güç tüketimi gibi avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle savunma sanayi, yapay zekâ, tıp elektroniği ve haberleşme gibi alanlarda sıkça tercih edilmektedir. Ancak genellikle yüksek maliyetli ve özel gereksinimlere uymayan yurt dışı donanımlarına bağımlılık söz konusu olmaktadır. Yerli ve özelleştirilebilir FPGA kartlarının geliştirilmesi, bu nedenle hem esneklik hem de maliyet avantajı sağlamada kritik bir ihtiyaç haline gelmektedir. Sunulan tez çalışmasında, uzaktan programlanabilir ve gözlemlenebilir bir FPGA geliştirme kartı tasarlanmıştır. Tasarımda Xilinx XC3S50AN FPGA çipi ve ESP32 mikrodenetleyici kullanılmıştır. ESP32, FPGA çipini; reset, trigger ve 4 bit veri sinyalleri ile kontrol etmektedir. Web arayüzü, HTML (HyperText Markup Language - Hipermetin İşaretleme Dili) ve JavaScript kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Kullanıcı canlı yayın paneli üzerinden devreyi izleyebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda kod panelinden oluşturulan çalışmaları indirebilmekte veya e-posta gönderebilmektedir. Gönderilen e-posta içeriğine tasarlanan UCF (User Constraints File - Kullanıcı Kısıt Dosyası) içeriği de yerleştirilmektedir. Ayrıca Google Drive üzerinden bit uzantılı dosyalar yüklenebilmektedir. Python kodu, bu dosyaları algılayarak JTAG (Joint Test Action Group - Ortak Test Eylem Grubu) üzerinden FPGA çipine yüklemekte ve programlama süreci ortalama 7.579 s'de tamamlanmaktadır. iv Bu tez çalışmasında, LED (Light Emitting Diode - Işık Yayan Diyot) yakma, yarım toplayıcı, tam toplayıcı, mod4 sayıcı, 7 parçalı gösterge ile aşağı-yukarı sayıcı ve bit kaydırıcı gibi uygulamalar başarıyla test edilmiştir. Sistem, Yönetici, Laboratuvar ve Kullanıcı yetkilendirme tipleriyle güvenli bir kullanım sunmaktadır. Sunulan bu çalışma ile, yüksek maliyetli ithal FPGA geliştirme kartlarına alternatif olarak geliştirilen yerli FPGA geliştirme kartı ile programlanabilir ve uygulamaya göre tasarım çıkışları gözlemlenebilir bir FPGA tabanlı uzaktan kontrollü laboratuvar uygulaması başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chips offer advantages such as high performance, parallel processing capability, and low power consumption. Due to these features, they are widely used in fields such as defense, artificial intelligence, medical electronics, and communications. However, dependence on high-cost foreign hardware that does not always meet specific requirements remains a challenge. The development of domestic and customizable FPGA boards has thus become a critical necessity to provide both flexibility and cost efficiency. In this thesis study, a remotely programmable and observable FPGA development board has been designed. The design incorporates the Xilinx XC3S50AN FPGA chip and the ESP32 microcontroller. The ESP32 controls the FPGA chip through reset, trigger, and 4-bit data signals. The web interface has been developed using HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and JavaScript. Users can monitor the circuit via a live streaming panel. Additionally, they can download compiled projects from the code panel or send them via email, with the designed UCF (User Constraints File) content included in the email. Furthermore, bit files can be uploaded through Google Drive, and a Python script detects these files and programs the FPGA chip via JTAG (Joint Test Action Group), completing the programming process in an average of 7.579 seconds. vi In this study, various applications such as LED (Light Emitting Diode) control, half adder, full adder, mod-4 counter, up-down counter with a 7-segment display, and bit shifter have been successfully tested. The system ensures secure usage with different authorization levels for Administrator, Laboratory, and User access. This study successfully implements an FPGA-based remotely controlled laboratory application, providing a viable alternative to high-cost imported FPGA development boards. The developed domestic FPGA development board enables programmability and real-time observation of design outputs, contributing to more flexible and cost-effective FPGA applications
Development of the Academic Self-Perception Scale for University Students' Fields
No full textThis study aimed to develop a measurement tool to assess university students' academic self-perceptions in their respective fields. Utilizing an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, data were collected from a sample of 309 university students selected through convenience sampling. Qualitative data were gathered through a literature review, and quantitative data were obtained using the draft version of the Academic Self-Perception Scale, developed based on the qualitative findings. Content analysis was applied to qualitative data, while Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted for quantitative data analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the final scale was 0.976, and the scale explained 69.849% of the total variance. EFA revealed three sub-dimensions and 27 items. CFA results indicated a chi 2/df value of 2.40 and an RMSEA of 0.068. The findings confirm that the developed scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing students' academic self-perceptions
Shifting digital priorities for the SDGs: A global analysis on economic and geographic scales
Full text linkDigital transformation is recognized as a critical enabler of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), influencing approximately 70 % of their targets. While the literature often focuses on the effects of digitalization, it tends to overlook the core content and strategic focus of regional and national digitalization policies. As a result, the specific domains through which countries are advancing digital transformation-and the areas they aim to digitalize-remain unclear. This neglect obscures a concrete understanding of what is actually being digitalized and for which purposes, leaving a critical and underexplored area of research with significant implications for policy design and implementation. This study presents a comprehensive, multi-scale content analysis of 188 countries' Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs), assessing how digitalization policies are articulated and operationalized across global, regional, and income-based classifications. The results indicate that high-income countries tend to embed digital tools within a wide range of societal sectors-including health, justice, culture, and education-reflecting an integrative vision of digitalization that goes beyond infrastructure. Conversely, LMICs largely emphasize foundational digital infrastructure, potentially reinforcing structural inequalities and exacerbating the digital divide. Geographically, the results highlight that localized digital strategies, informed by regional dynamics, cultural contexts, and developmental priorities, offer more nuanced insights than economic groupings alone. The study underscores the importance of inclusive digital governance frameworks that prioritize equity, social justice, and context-sensitive innovation while it contributes to interdisciplinary debates on the socio-technical dimensions of digital transformation and its role in fostering sustainable and inclusive development
Determining Knowledge Level, Attitude, Behaviors Regarding Vocal Hygiene and Use of Medical Drugs and Herbal Medicinal Products for Vocal Health in Second Level Professional Voice Users
Full text linkObjectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge level, attitude, and behaviors regarding vocal hygiene and use of medical drugs and herbal medicinal products for vocal health in second level professional voice users. Methods: The study examined second level professional voice users comprised of amateur singers, religious officials,voice instructors and vocal coaches consisting of academicians working in conservatories and education faculties, music teachers, conservatory students majoring in opera or choir, students majoring in music education, and amateur actors who were reached via online platforms and were administered a 32-item questionnaire Results: A total of 406 participants consisting of conservatory students (26.8%), religious officials (23.2%), academicians (9.1%), amateur or self-taught musicians (14.8%), conservatory graduates (8.6%), and music teachers affiliated with the Ministry of National Education were recruited for the study. It was determined that 78.8% of the participants knew the definition of vocal hygiene, and 60.6% made an effort to maintain vocal hygiene. 57.9% of the participants declared that they had at least one disease affecting their vocal health. According to our research data, 8.9% of the participants were using one or more prescription drugs or over-the-counter products daily to protect their vocal health. Lozenges, vitamins, and allergy medications constituted a large portion of these medicinal products. In total, 62.3% of participants used herbal products for vocal health in their daily life. Participants mostly consumed products containing linden, sage, ginger, chamomile, and turmeric. It was determined that more than 20 different herbal products containing plants in different mixtures and contents were used. Furthermore, 40% of the participants using herbal medicinal products consulted a health care professional.It was found that these products were mostly obtained from herbalists (79.5%), and the source of information regarding these products was quite diverse. The rate of experiencing side effects due to the use of herbal products was 2%. Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge regarding vocal hygiene and its application on real-life behavior among second-level sound professionals. In particular, the awareness of vocal hygiene should be increased among religious officials. It was observed that the rate of use of herbal products to protect vocal health or to treat hoarseness was quite high. Further studies are needed to prove the benefits of these herbal and medicinal products on vocal health. © 2022 The Voice Foundatio
Investigating university students' perceived learning in terms of social media usage habits, digital literacy skills, and control dimension of self-regulation
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin okul içi ve okul dışı sosyal medya kullanım davranışları, dijital okuryazarlık becerileri ve öz düzenlemenin dikkat kontrolü boyutunun algılanan öğrenme düzeyi üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada nicel araştırma türlerinden biri olan tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Sinop Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 847 lisans ve önlisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Algılanan Öğrenme Ölçeği, Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Okul İçi Sosyal Medya Davranışları Ölçeği, Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Okul Dışı Sosyal Medya Davranışları Ölçeği, Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği ve Öz Düzenlemenin Dikkat Kontrolü Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde katılımcıların gönüllülük esası göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda algılanan öğrenme ile dijital okuryazarlık değişkeni arasında pozitif yönde, anlamlı ve yüksek düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur. Algılanan öğrenme ile öz düzenlemenin dikkat kontrolü arasında pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin okul dışı sosyal medya davranışları ile algılanan öğrenme arasında pozitif yönde, anlamlı ve düşük düzeyde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Algılanan öğrenme ile okul içi sosyal medya davranışları arasında pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre okul içi sosyal medya davranışları, okul dışı sosyal medya davranışları, öz düzenlemenin dikkat kontrolü boyutu, dijital okuryazarlık değişkenlerinin algılanan öğrenme düzeyi değişkeninin manidar yordayıcıları olduğu görülmüştür. Dijital okuryazarlık puanlarının, çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin algılanan öğrenme düzeyini en fazla açıklayan değişken olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Okul dışı sosyal medya davranışlarının ise algılanan öğrenme düzeyini negatif yönde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kurulan regresyon modelinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarından yola çıkarak araştırmacı ve eğitimcilere öneriler sunulmuştur.This study aims to find out the predictive effect of university students' in-school and out-of-school social media usage habits, digital literacy skills, and attention control of self-regulation on perceived learning level. For this purpose, the survey model, a quantitative research type, was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 847 undergraduate and associate degree students studying at Sinop University. Personal Information Form, Perceived Learning Scale, In-School Social Media Behaviors of University Students Scale, Out-of-School Social Media Behaviors of University Students Scale, Digital Literacy Scale and Attention Control of Self-Regulation Scale were used as data collection tools. Voluntary participation of the participants was considered during the process of data collection. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed on the SPSS software. As a result of the analysis, a positive, significant, and high-level relationship was found between perceived learning and the digital literacy variable. A positive and moderate relationship was identified between perceived learning and the attention control dimension of self-regulation. Additionally, a positive, significant, but low-level relationship was detected between university students' out-of-school social media behaviors and perceived learning. Furthermore, a positive and moderate relationship was found between perceived learning and in-school social media behaviors. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that in-school social media behaviors, out-of-school social media behaviors, attention control of self-regulation and digital literacy variables are significant predictors of the perceived learning level variable. It was also found that digital literacy scores were the variable that explained the perceived learning level of the students in the research group the most. Out-of-school social media behaviors found to be negatively predicted the perceived learning level. According to the result of the analysis, the regression model is statistically significant. Recommendations are presented for researchers and educators based on the results of the study
Thermoeconomic performance evaluation and optimization of a geothermal heat pump system for greenhouse heating in low-temperature resources
No full textThis study presents the design and thermoeconomic performance analysis of a geothermal-assisted heat pump system for greenhouse heating in regions with low-temperature geothermal resources. The aim is to explore efficient utilization of geothermal energy as sustainable alternative to conventional greenhouse heating methods. Comprehensive thermodynamic and economic assessment were conducted based on a 50,000 m2 greenhouse simulation, utilizing geothermal fluid at 45 °C with flow rate of 50 kg/s. Results confirm technical feasibility and economic viability of the proposed system. Heat pump achieved high coefficient of performance of 4.712, demonstrating its effectiveness in harnessing geothermal energy for heating applications. The system’s exergy efficiency was calculated as 29.64 %, indicating efficient energy utilization. Total heat demand of greenhouse was determined as 5305 kW, with heat pump compressor requiring 1126 kW of electrical power. Heating cost and total investment of system were estimated as 0.004851 , with annual operation and maintenance expenses of 246,558 , resulting in a simple payback period of 2.5 years. These findings highlight system’s strong potential to enhance greenhouse operations’ economic and environmental sustainability, supporting broader adoption of geothermal heat pump technologies in low-temperature geothermal regions
A research on the use of the mind mapping technique to improve the english reading comprehension skills of high school foreign language students
No full textBu araştırma, lise 11. ve 12. sınıf yabancı dil öğrencilerinin İngilizce okuduğunu anlama becerilerini geliştirmede zihin haritası tekniğinin etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada eylem araştırması deseni kullanılmış, uygulamalar 2024-2025 eğitim öğretim yılında Afyonkarahisar’ın Çay ilçesindeki bir Anadolu lisesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu, 11. sınıftan 14 öğrenci ve 12. sınıftan 11 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 25 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin İngilizce okuduğunu anlama becerileri zihin haritası tekniği ile desteklenmiş ve uygulama süreci üç eylem planı şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçları olarak, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan İngilizce okuduğunu anlama testi, öğrenci günlükleri, yarı yapılandırılmış odak grup görüşmeleri ve öğretmen günlükleri kullanılmıştır. Nicel veriler bağımlı örneklem t-testi, Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi ve Mann Whitney-U testi ile analiz edilmiş; nitel veriler ise içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, hem 11. sınıf hem de 12. sınıf öğrencilerinin ön test ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar bulunmuş, zihin haritası tekniğinin okuduğunu anlama becerilerinin gelişimine olumlu katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Sınıf düzeyine ve cinsiyet değişkenine göre yapılan analizlerde ise anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamış, tekniğin tüm gruplarda benzer etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrenci görüşlerine göre, zihin haritaları tekniği; bilgiyi organize etme, kelime öğrenimi, metin ana fikirlerini belirleme, görselleştirme, motivasyon artışı ve okuma performansını geliştirme gibi alanlarda fayda sağlamıştır. Öğretmen günlükleri de öğrencilerin okuma etkinliklerinde daha aktif rol aldığını, teknikle yapılan derslerin öğrencilerde ilgi ve dikkat düzeyini artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, zihin haritası tekniği, lise yabancı dil öğrencilerinin İngilizce okuduğunu anlama becerilerini geliştirmede etkili bir yöntem olarak önerilmektedir. Bu tekniğin yabancı dil öğretim programlarına dâhil edilmesi, öğrencilerin metinleri analiz etme, bilgileri organize etme ve anlamlandırma süreçlerini destekleyerek okuma becerilerini güçlendirecektir.This study was conducted to examine the effect of the mind mapping technique on improving the English reading comprehension skills of 11th and 12th grade foreign language students. The research employed an action research design, and the implementations were carried out during the 2024-2025 academic year at an Anatolian high school in the Çay district of Afyonkarahisar. The study group consisted of a total of 25 students, 14 from the 11th grade and 11 from the 12th grade. In the research, students' reading comprehension skills were supported by the mind mapping technique, and the implementation process was carried out in three action plans. Data collection tools included an English reading comprehension test prepared by the researcher, student diaries, semi-structured focus group interviews, and teacher diaries. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann Whitney-U test, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis and frequency analysis. According to the findings, there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores of both 11th and 12th grade students, indicating that the mind mapping technique had a positive effect on the development of reading comprehension skills. Analyses conducted based on grade level and gender revealed no significant differences, suggesting that the technique had a similar effect across all groups. According to students' views, the mind mapping technique provided benefits in areas such as organizing information, vocabulary learning, identifying main ideas of texts, visualization, increasing motivation, and improving reading performance. Teacher diaries also revealed that students took a more active role in reading activities and that lessons conducted with the technique increased students' interest and attention levels. In conclusion, the mind mapping technique is recommended as an effective method to improve the English reading comprehension skills of high school foreign language students. Integrating this technique into foreign language teaching programs will support students' processes of analyzing, organizing, and comprehending texts, thereby enhancing their reading skills
Development and validation of operator and environmentally friendly analytical techniques for quetiapine quantification in pharmaceutical formulations and pure form
Full text linkKetiapin, şizofreni, majör depresif bozukluk ve bipolar bozukluk tedavisinde kullanılan bir tür atipik antipsikotik ajandır. Bu çalışmada, ketiapinin saf ve formülasyonlarda miktar tayini için çevresel ve operatör dostu analitik yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. En iyi spektrumlar ultra saf su ile elde edildiği için, bu çözücü spektrofotometrik analiz için kullanıldı. Ketiapin standart çözeltilerinin 290 nm dalga boyunda UV ışığını maksimum düzeyde absorbe ettiği tespit edilmiş ve tespit için 290 nm dalga boyu seçilmiştir. Her iki yöntem de ICH kurallarına göre doğrulandı. Geliştirilen yöntemlerle 5-30 µg mL-1 konsantrasyon aralığında korelasyon katsayılarının 0,999'dan büyük olduğu tespit edildi. Geliştirilen yöntemler ticari formülasyonlara uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ortalamalar için Student (t) testi ve standart sapmalar için Fischer (F) testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntemler arasında önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Geliştirilen yöntemlerin yeşillik değerlendirmesi AGREE yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen analitik yöntemler, ticari formülasyonlarda ketiapin miktar tayini için mükemmel çevresel ve analist dostu alternatifler olarak önerilmektedir.Quetiapine is a kind of atypical antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. In this study, environmental and operator-friendly analytical methods were developed for the quantification of quetiapine in pure and formulations. Since the best spectra were obtained with ultrapure water, this solvent was used for spectrophotometric analysis. Quetiapine standard solutions were found to maximally absorb UV light at a wavelength of 290 nm and a wavelength of 290 nm was chosen for detection. Both methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The correlation coefficients were found to be greater than 0.999 in the concentration range of 5-30 µg mL-1 with the developed methods. The developed methods were applied to commercial formulations. The results were compared using Student (t) test for means and Fischer (F) test for standard deviations. No significant difference was observed between the methods. The greenness evaluation of the developed methods was carried out using AGREE software. The developed analytical methods are recommended as excellent environmental and analyst-friendly alternatives for the quantification of quetiapine in commercial formulations