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Examining the Financial Development Channels Affecting Economic Growth in Turkey
No full textIn the early 1980s, Turkey took steps towards financial liberalization. Accordingly, policymakers have implemented policies for the development of the financial system. Since then, developments in the banking sector have driven economic growth and met the private sector’s demand for funds. The research problem involves analyzing the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Turkey, which is crucial in determining the effectiveness of policies implemented for financial development. Determining the source through which financial development is vital for economic growth is also critical in designing these policies. This research examines the channels through which financial development impacts economic growth in Turkey. By using data from 1974 to 2023 for Turkey, this study conducted a Granger causality test based on VECM and the Toda Yamamoto method to analyze the causal relationship between economic growth and financial development. The analysis also included impulse response functions. Our study reveals that financial development contributes to economic growth. Policymakers should implement policies that prioritize the development of the financial system. © © 2025 Erdal Demirhan
Technology and artificial intelligence integration in education in top-performing countries of the PISA 2022 assessment: Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Estonia, and Canada
Get PDFBu çalışma, PISA 2022 sonuçlarında başarılı beş ülkenin (Singapur, Japonya, Güney Kore, Estonya ve Kanada) eğitim sistemlerindeki dijital dönüşüm stratejilerini ve yapay zekâ uygulamalarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kapsamında doküman analizi tekniği ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında, söz konusu ülkelerin ulusal yapay zekâ strateji belgeleri, eğitim bakanlığı raporları ve uluslararası kuruluşların yayınları dahil olmak üzere toplam 13 resmî web sitesi, 274 lisansüstü tez, 118 makale, 56 rapor ve 81 uluslararası anlaşma metni, içerik analizi tekniği ile sistematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde kullanılan içerik analizi tekniği için; 5 kategori (tema) ve 10 kod belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, başarılı ülkelerin eğitimde dijital dönüşüm için dört ortak strateji izlediğini ortaya koymaktadır: (1) erken yaşta dijital okuryazarlık eğitimi, (2) öğretmen eğitiminde teknoloji entegrasyonu, (3) kamu-özel sektör iş birlikleriyle geliştirilen yapay zekâ çözümleri ve (4) veriye dayalı eğitim politikaları. Özellikle Estonya'nın 'e-Estonia' vizyonu ve Singapur'un 'Learn for Life' yaklaşımı, ulusal düzeyde planlanan bütüncül stratejilerin başarılı örnekleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin FATİH Projesi ve benzeri dijital dönüşüm girişimleri için önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır. Bulgular, teknoloji yatırımlarının yanı sıra öğretmen eğitimi ve müfredat uyumunun kritik önemine işaret etmektedir. Araştırma, eğitimde yapay zekâ uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi için politika yapıcılara yol gösterici öneriler sunmayı hedeflemektedir.This study AIms to comparatively examine the digital transformation strategies and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the education systems of five high-performing countries (Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Estonia, and Canada) based on the PISA 2022 results. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods, specifically document analysis. Within the scope of the study, a total of 13 official websites (including national AI strategy documents, ministry of education reports, and publications by international organizations), 274 postgraduate theses, 118 articles, 56 reports, and 81 international agreement texts were systematically analyzed using content analysis techniques. For the content analysis, five categories (themes) and ten codes were identified. The research findings reveal that successful countries follow four common strategies for digital transformation in education: (1) early-age digital literacy education, (2) technology integration in teacher tralning, (3) AI solutions developed through public-private partnerships, and (4) data-driven education policies. In particular, Estonia's "e-Estonia" vision and Singapore's "Learn for Life" approach stand out as successful examples of holistic, nationally planned strategies. This study provides important insights for Turkey's FATİH Project and similar digital transformation initiatives. The findings highlight the critical importance of teacher tralning and curriculum alignment alongside technological investments. The research alms to offer policy recommendations to guide the development of AI applications in education
PROFESYONEL MÜZİK EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN GELECEK KAYGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
No full textMusic or different sounds are sensory events that all people are exposed to from the moment they are born. Music education, which starts compulsorily with primary school, helps people meet different types of music and increases their musical culture. While professional music education generally provides more in-depth knowledge and skills, amateur education can also be beneficial in developing one's talents and continuing one's hobby. These trainings start with primary school in our country. Students who want to continue professional music education with secondary school continue their education in high schools that provide education in this field and then in conservatories, fine arts faculties, music and performing arts faculties. Students who receive professional music education at the undergraduate level will be faced with a wide range of job opportunities when they graduate. These fields offer the opportunity to develop their music careers in various ways. State Choirs, Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, Higher Education Institutions, Ministry of National Education, Private Colleges, Music Houses, Ensembles and Orchestras offer graduates with musical education the opportunity to pursue a career in both performance and education. 258 Our study was conducted with students studying at schools that provide professional music education. The study was conducted to determine the students' reasons for choosing these schools, their satisfaction with the school, their future plans, and most importantly, their anxiety levels about what they will do after graduating from school. It is thought that this study can draw attention to the joint efforts of the state and private sector to reduce the future concerns of individuals receiving professional music education and to increase job opportunities in this field. Such collaborations can make the careers of music professionals more secure and sustainable. An online survey was applied to collect data for the study and the data was analyzed using the SPSS26 program. © 2025, Tolga Karaca. All rights reserved
Laboratory investigation of thermal feedback during groundwater heat pump operation
No full textGroundwater heat pump (GWHP) system is an efficient technology that can provide both heating and cooling to buildings, leading to considerable energy savings. During operation, injection can cause a change in the abstraction temperature, known as thermal feedback, a well-studied phenomenon over the years mainly based on numerical studies. However, there are only a limited number of experimental studies exploring the impacts of groundwater flow rates and different operational configurations for cooling and heating systems on thermal plume development for a well doublet. To address this gap, a laboratory-scale experimental investigation was conducted for cooling and heating operation of soil, considering two different operation types: Cooling and Heating (CH), and Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES). The setup was designed to conduct the experiments under groundwater flow to investigate its impact on thermal feedback. The results suggest that the ATES operation significantly enhances efficiency by utilising stored groundwater from cooling period for the heating period. The ATES operation led to a 29 % increase in efficiency during the heating period when compared to CH operation. The influence of the presence of groundwater flow was found to be <10 %, although it may have a more significant impact in long-term operation as it disperses the thermal plume, affecting the abstraction temperature further.Ministry of National Education TurkiyeThe first author of this paper, Dr. Taha Sezer, expresses gratitude receiving Ph.D. funding from the Ministry of National Education Turkiye
Microwave-induced modifications in electric arc furnace slag: An attempt to enhance aqueous dissolution
Get PDFElectric arc furnace slag (EAFS) is produced in large amounts during steel manufacturing and can pose ecological hazards when disposed of in nature. Its heterogeneity, intricate mineralogy, and low solubility restrict its applicability in numerous fields, such as cementitious binders, resource recovery, and mineralization. This study investigated three different microwave irradiation techniques-direct (MWD), roasting with NaOH (MWR), and solution (MWS)-to modify the EAFS and exceed the current boundaries. The former involved direct exposure of EAFS (D90: <30 mu m) to microwaves, while the latter included a mixed of EAFS and NaOH, followed by microwave roasting. Both microwave-irradiated samples were later dissolved via stirring in aqueous conditions at a 1:100 g/mL ratio. In contrast, MWS comprised dissolution of EAFS in water under microwave irradiation in a closed vessel. The elemental releases were then analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. Structural, surface chemistry, and morphology examinations were also conducted. The results indicated that the structural alterations directly influenced release of Al, leading to a dissolution extent of 25 % for MWR, in contrast to the reference, which attained only 10 %. The release of Si was only achieved using MWR, reaching 3 %. The release of Ca was prominent in the MWS, achieving the highest concentration relative to the others and exhibiting 50 % enhancement. The findings obtained by surface and solution chemistry and micro-structural images supported the differences in elemental releases among sample series following microwave irradiation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the promising potential of microwave irradiation to enhance the dissolution of EAFS, providing more insights into its appropriate applications and valuable reuse.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye, Science Fellowships; Research Council of Finland [354263]; Jane and Aatos Erkko; Tiina and Antti Herlin FoundationsRecep Kurtulus acknowledges the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye, Science Fellowships and Grant Programme Directorate, for a grant within the scope of the 2219 program. Juho Yliniemi acknowledges the Research Council of Finland (grant #354263) . M. Cantaluppi's participation was funded by the Advanced Steels for the Green Planet project funded by the Jane and Aatos Erkko and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundations. Part of the work was carried out with the support of the Centre for Material Analysis, University of Oulu, Finland. Mr. Jani Osterlund, Mr. Jarno Karvonen, and Mrs. Elisa Wirkkala are acknowledged for their help in the laboratory work
The competencies that science teachers should possess in 2061: A Delphi analysis
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı, 2061 yılında fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sahip olması gereken yeterlikleri kapsamlı bir biçimde belirlemektir. Teknolojinin hızlı gelişimi, dijitalleşme ve yapay zekâ uygulamalarının eğitim sistemini dönüştürdüğü günümüzde, öğretmenlerin yalnızca teknik becerilerle değil, aynı zamanda bilimsel, etik ve insani yönleriyle de donanımlı olmaları gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, geleceğin eğitim sisteminin ihtiyaç duyacağı fen bilimleri öğretmen profiline dair öngörülerin sistematik biçimde ortaya konması, bu çalışmanın temel gerekçesini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada karma yöntem deseni benimsenmiş, düzenlenmiş Delphi tekniği temel alınarak nitel ve nicel veriler bir arada toplanmıştır. Süreç, iki tur Delphi uygulamasını içermektedir. İlk olarak, uzmanlarla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla nitel veriler toplanmış ve içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Bu analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda oluşturulan 5'li Likert tipi anket, ikinci aşamada katılımcılara sunulmuş ve elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS yazılımı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Uzlaşı düzeyinin belirlenmesinde medyan (Mdn), çeyrekler arası genişlik (IQR) ve standart sapma (SS) değerleri dikkate alınmış; uzlaşı için medyan ? 4, IQR ? 1, standart sapma ? 1 ve en az %80 uzlaşı oranı kriter olarak benimsenmiştir. Uzlaşı sağlanan 33 yeterlik maddesi tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını; fen eğitimi, öğretmen eğitimi ve eğitimde gelecek öngörüleri alanlarında uzmanlaşmış akademisyenler ile Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı kurumlarda görev yapan deneyimli fen bilimleri öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi tercih edilmiştir. Bu yöntem doğrultusunda farklı yaş, uzmanlık alanı, mesleki unvan ve görev yapılan kuruma göre çeşitlilik gösteren bireylerin görüşlerinden yararlanılarak zengin ve temsil gücü yüksek bir veri seti elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılar bilgi açısından zengin, konuya derinlikli katkı sunabilecek kişiler arasından seçilmiş olup; çoğunluğu Afyonkarahisar olmak üzere Aydın, Gaziantep, Düzce, Denizli ve İstanbul illerinden toplam 24 uzmandan oluşmaktadır. Delphi süreci sonunda, 2061 yılı fen bilimleri öğretmen yeterlikleri sekiz tema altında toplanmıştır: Teknoloji Kullanım Yeterliliği (5 madde), Disiplinler Arası Çalışma Becerisi (4 madde), Öğrenci Merkezli Öğretim ve Rehberlik (5 madde), Değerler Eğitimi ve Bilimsel Etik (5 madde), Küresel ve Sosyal Değişimlere Uyum Sağlama (4 madde), Dijital ve Fiziksel Sınıf Yönetimi Becerileri (4 madde), Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Yeterliliği (3 madde) ve Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme ve Mesleki Gelişim (3 madde). Araştırma sonuçları, öğretmen yetiştirme programlarının geleceğin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda yeniden yapılandırılması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle teknoloji entegrasyonu, disiplinler arası düşünme, öğrenci odaklı öğretim, bilimsel etik ve öngörüsel düşünme gibi alanlarda öğretmenlerin desteklenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, öğretmen yetiştirme süreçlerinde yenilikçi ve vizyoner yaklaşımlara ağırlık verilmesi, hizmet içi eğitim programlarının yeniden tasarlanması ve öğretmenlerin yaşam boyu öğrenme süreçlerine aktif biçimde katılımının sağlanması önerilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, yalnızca mevcut uygulamalara değil, aynı zamanda eğitim sisteminin gelecekteki tasarımına da ışık tutabilecek niteliktedir.In The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively identify the competencies that science teachers should possess in the year 2061. In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, digitalization, and the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on education systems, teachers are expected to be equipped not only with technical skills but also with strong scientific, ethical, and humanistic foundations. In this context, systematically forecasting the future profile of science teachers needed by education systems forms the central rationale of this study. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, and data were collected through both qualitative and quantitative means based on the modified Delphi technique. The process consisted of two Delphi rounds. Initially, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with experts, and the data were analyzed through content analysis. Based on the emerging themes, a five-point Likert-type questionnaire was developed and distributed to participants in the second round. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. In determining consensus levels, median (Mdn), interquartile range (IQR), and standard deviation (SD) were taken into account. The criteria for consensus were set as follows: Mdn ? 4, IQR ? 1, SD ? 1, and a minimum agreement rate of 80%. As a result, 33 competency items were identified through consensus. The participants of the study consisted of experts in the fields of science education, teacher education, and future studies in education, as well as experienced science teachers working in public schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. Maximum variation sampling, one of the purposive sampling strategies, was employed to ensure a rich and diverse data set by incorporating individuals with different ages, areas of expertise, academic titles, and institutional affiliations. The participants, selected for their in-depth knowledge and potential to contribute meaningfully, comprised 24 experts working primarily in Afyonkarahisar, as well as in the provinces of Aydın, Gaziantep, Düzce, Denizli, and İstanbul. At the end of the Delphi process, the competencies of science teachers for the year 2061 were categorized under eight themes: Technological Competency (5 items), Interdisciplinary Collaboration Skills (4 items), Student-Centered Teaching and Guidance (5 items), Values Education and Scientific Ethics (5 items), Adaptation to Global and Social Changes (4 items), Digital and Physical Classroom Management Skills (4 items), Assessment and Evaluation Competency (3 items), and Lifelong Learning and Professional Development (3 items). The findings of the study highlight the need to restructure teacher education programs in line with the demands of the future. It is particularly emphasized that teachers should be supported in areas such as technology integration, interdisciplinary thinking, student-centered pedagogy, scientific ethics, and anticipatory thinking. Accordingly, it is recommended that innovative and visionary approaches be prioritized in teacher preparation processes, in-service training programs be redesigned, and teachers' active engagement in lifelong learning be promoted. The results obtained in this study offer insights not only into current practices but also into the future design of educational systems
A study on filter design in earth fill dams
No full textBarajlar sulama, içme suyu, enerji üretimi, rekreasyon, su ürünleri üretimi vb amaçlar ile inşa edilen sanat yapılarıdır. Gerek ülkemizde gerekse gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede toprak dolgu barajlar inşa edilmektedir. Tezin amacı uygulamada sıkça kullanılan drenaj sistemi olarak da adlandırılan filtrelerin farklı baraj yükseklik ve eğimler altında davranışını modellemektir. Filtre ile ilgili yapılan oldukça fazla uygulama olmasına rağmen maalesef filtrelerin tasarımı net bir şekilde ortaya konmamıştır. Günümüzde özellikle toprak dolgu barajların yıkılmasına kadar varan süreçte filtrelerin davranışını bilmek çok önem arz etmektedir. Eksik filtre uzunluğu, yetersiz filtre geçirimliliği, uygun olmayan granülometri sebepleriyle ülkemizde bile bazı barajların gövdeden su kaçırdığı rapor edilmektedir. Bu Çalışmada 3 farklı gövde yüksekliğine sahip sayısal modeller oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan sayısal modellerde filtre uzunluğunun, baraj güvenliği üzerinde ki etkisinin gözlemlenmesi amaçlandı. Oluşturulan sayısal modellerde baraj gövdesinde kullanılan malzemelerin karakteristik özellikleri de analiz sonuçlarında değerlendirmeye alınmıştır.Dams are engineering structures constructed for purposes such as irrigation, drinking water supply, energy production, recreation, and aquaculture. Both in our country and in many developing countries, earth-fill dams are being constructed. The aim of this thesis is to model the behavior of filters, which are commonly used as drainage systems in practice, under different dam heights and slopes. Despite the extensive application of filters, their design has not been clearly established. Today, understanding the behavior of filters is of great importance, especially in the process leading up to the collapse of earth-filled dams. In our country alone, some dams have been reported to leak water from their bodies due to insufficient filter length, inadequate filter permeability, and inappropriate granulometry. In this study, numerical models with three different dam heights were created. The aim was to observe the effect of filter length on dam safety in the numerical models. The characteristic properties of the materials used in the dam body were also evaluated in the analysis results
Colour mapping of traditional urban fabric material in the southeastern region of Turkey: havara stone
No full textColour is one of the important elements that extends from the urban scale to the space scale. The use of colour is important in expressing the settlement's visual and psychological identity in the construction of place-specific architecture. Each settlement has unique colour cartels. The material is at the beginning of basic structural elements that make up these colour cartels. Havara stone is a cultural heritage item whose unique colour characterises the physical environment of the eastern region of Turkey, which was affected by an earthquake in 2023. The use of havara stone is important in the process of planning the restoration of historical environments in provinces located in the region. This study aims to determine the colours of the stone used, and their proportions. A centralised colour chart has been developed through computer-aided colour mapping techniques based on samples of apostle stone. This chart is intended to function as a referential framework for guiding colour selection in forthcoming restitution and adaptive reuse interventions within the region. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute to ensuring the quality and authenticity of restoration works, and that the colour mapping method will be adopted as a standard approach in the conservation of historical environments characterised by vernacular architecture and a preserved historical fabric.A colourchart is put in the middle with the computer-aided colourmapping method made from apostle stone samples. It is planned that this cartel will be the source of colourpreferences in the restitution and re-functioning studiesto be carried out in the region. It is hoped that the study's findings will assist in ensuring the quality of the restoration worksand thatthe colourmapping methodwill be adoptedfor all historical environments having vernacular architecture with the historical fabric
ÜTOPYADAN GERÇEKLİĞE: SANATTA DOĞANIN SINIRLANDIRILMASI, TEMSİLİ VE EKOLOJİK ONARIMI ÜZERİNE KURGULAR
Get PDFModern yaşam koşulları, doğayı insanla iç içe bir yaşam alanı olmaktan uzaklaştırarak onu sınırlı, denetlenen ve yalnızca temsile indirgenen bir yapıya dönüştürmektedir. Özellikle kentsel bağlamda doğa, artık doğrudan deneyimlenen değil, uzak-tan gözlemlenen ve sembolik biçimde korunmaya çalışılan izole bir alanda varlık bulmaktadır. Bu durum, doğanın estetik bir görüntüye, izlenen bir nesneye dönüşmesine yol açar. Bu çalışma, doğanın sanat yoluyla nasıl temsil edildiğini, nasıl sınır-landırıldığını ve ne tür eleştirel okumalara imkân sunduğunu tartışmaktadır. Max Peintner, Ben Tolman ve Mel Chin’in işleri üzerinden yapılan karşılaştırmalı çözümlemede, doğanın dışlanması ve onarılma çabaları mekân, temsil ve müdahale kav-ramları üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Sanatın doğa ile kurulan ilişkide yalnızca estetik değil, düşünsel ve politik bir araç olarak nasıl konumlandığı tartışmaya açılır
The effect of gravity separators working in horizontal and vertical directions on increasing the boron content of low-grade colemanite concentrate
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of gravity forces applied in horizontal and vertical directions on turning colemanite concentrate with a grain size distribution of-3+0 mm and 32-36% B2O3 grade, produced at the Espey Concentrator Facility, into a salable product was investigated. Low-grade product, which constitutes 5% of the fed material, has accumulated approximately 500.000 tons in stock areas and is still being produced due to the design of the facility. The work started with clay abrasion/dispersion in order to increase the low-grade product to the usable grade of 42% B2O3 . As a result of the sieve analysis, it was determined that the part above 1 mm grain size and constituting 25% by weight had 47.68% B2O3 content and was separated as a salable product. Material with 27% B2O3 grade below 1 mm grain size; Grade-yield changes were examined using Multi-Gravity Separator (MGS) with horizontal centrifugal force and Falcon gravity separator with vertical centrifugal force. The most appropriate results were achieved with MGS by working at a drum rotation speed of 260 rpm, 4 l/min washing water amount, 4 Hz frequency and 20 mm amplitude. With these parameters, the concentrate was obtained with 44.93% B2O3 grade and 97.51% yield. It has been determined that a total of 67% of the material by weight can be recovered and sold as a concentrate with a grade of 45.95% B2O3 , and 33% by weight can be sent to the dam as waste with a grade of 1.55%. In the Falcon gravity separator studies, although a concentrate with a grade of 44.99% B2O3 was obtained, the efficiency remained at 95.24%. In the study, the waste grade was calculated as 3% B2O3