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Investigation of the convergent validity and reliability of unit position differences of Catapult S5 GPS units in field conditions
No full textThis research aimed to examine the validity and reliability of GPS units located in different positions. Nine recreational soccer players (age: 23.18 +/- 2.21 years; height: 176 +/- 7.65 cm; and body mass: 71.13 +/- 4.67 kg) participated voluntarily in the current study. Athletes were tested through the team sports simulation cycle (TSSC) protocol. This protocol consisted of a total of 1200 m. Each lap consisted of a distance of 150 m, and the athletes were asked to perform eight laps. Two GPS units (OptimEye S5; Catapult Innovations, Scoresby, Victoria) were used for each athlete during the TSSC protocol. The first unit was positioned in the scapula location, and the other GPS unit was positioned in the center of mass (COM) location, and simultaneous data were recorded. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine the difference between the meter values measured in the field and the devices. The main finding of this research was that the player load parameters, which are derived from the accelerometer in GPS units, changes with the player's position (total player load scapula - total player Load COM p <= 0.001, Cohen'd-2.449). There was no statistical difference between the other parameters (total distance covered, max velocity, deceleration max and acceleration max) examined in the study. CV% and SWC values showing the reliability of total distance covered scapula (CV% = 1.41; SWC = 0.28), total distance covered COM (CV% = 3.64; SWC = 0.73), total player load scapula (CV% = 2.29; SWC = 0.46), total player load COM (CV% = 1.83; SWC = 0.37), deceleration max scapula (CV% = 3.51; SWC = 0.70), deceleration max COM (CV% = 2.78; SWC = 0.56), Acceleration max scapula (CV% = 3.85; SWC = 0.77), and acceleration max COM (CV% = 2.74; SWC = 0.55) were within acceptable limits (CV% 5). The reliability of GPS units in different locations was investigated by CV% SWC analysis. It was found that all values in the scapula and COM locations were measured validly and reliably, but the total player load measurements were statistically different in the scapula and COM.Fundacxao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior [UIDB/50008/2020]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is funded by Fundacxao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020
An Analysis of Students’ Approaches to Studying in terms of the Problematic Use of Mobile Phones
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to examine the impact of various variables on the problematic use of mobile phones among secondary school students and the approaches of students to studying. The data were collected through three instruments: (1) Personal Information Form, (2) Problematic Use of Mobile Phones Scale, and (3) Study Process Questionnaire. Following the acquisition of the requisite permissions, these instruments were administered to students from two public schools. The findings of the study indicate that gender, grade level, daily internet use, mobile phone purpose, and ownership significantly affect problematic phone use. Female students exhibited a higher prevalence of problematic mobile phone use, primarily for social media and music, while male students predominantly used mobile phones for gaming. The study also found that higher grade levels and increased daily Internet use contribute to problematic phone use. A notable finding is that students who adopt a surface study approach exhibit a higher incidence of problematic phone use, while those who adopt a deep study approach demonstrate a lower frequency of such use
Effect of Nb on thermal stability of Ni-Co-W-B metallic glasses: A kinetic study
Full text linkIn this study, the effect of Nb addition on the continuous heating diagram of the Ni-Co-W-B metallic glass alloy system was investigated, and the improvement in glass-forming ability and thermal stability was demonstrated. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses performed under non-isothermal conditions, a theoretical continuous heating diagram was constructed using the well-known Kissinger kinetic equation. Furthermore, the boundary line of the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase was validated through isothermal heat treatments. The findings indicate that modifying the refractory element content by incorporating 6 at. % Nb into the alloy composition improves thermal stability at higher temperatures. The XRD results also demonstrate that the addition of Nb enhances the alloy's glass-forming ability threefold and increases the critical casting thickness from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The local activation energy values calculated for different crystallization fractions indicate that the activation energies required for any given crystallization fraction in the Ni32.75Co22.55W23.7B15Nb6 alloy are higher than those in Ni35.116Co24.184W23.7B17 the alloy. Furthermore, the primary crystallization phase boundary line in the continuous heating transformation diagram shifts to both higher temperatures and longer times. These results highlight the role of Nb addition in retarding the crystallization in the Ni-Co-W-B alloy system.Support Programme for Scientific and Technological Research Projects of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [214M111, 122M548]; Coordination Department of Scientific Research Projects, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey [18. KARiYER.199]This work was supported by The Support Programme for Scientific and Technological Research Projects of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [grant numbers 214M111 and 122M548] , and by The Coordination Department of Scientific Research Projects, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey [grant number 18. KARiYER.199]
Model-based teaching in basic swimming education: Personal and social responsibility model
No full textBu araştırmada öğrencilere sorumluluk davranışlarını kazandırmada temel yüzme eğitimi aracılığıyla bireysel ve sosyal sorumluluk modelinin (BSSM) etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı, Afyonkarahisar merkezinde bulunan yarı olimpik yüzme havuzunda 9-15 yaş aralığında temel yüzme eğitimi alan, (deney grubu n=25, kontrol grubu n=25) 50 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada gömülü yarı-deneysel ön test–son test kontrol gruplu karma yöntemler deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada sekiz hafta süresince, haftada iki toplam 16 ders, yüzme eğitimi temelli-BSSM programı uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bireysel ve Sosyal Sorumluluk Ölçeği (BSS-Ö), yansıtma zamanı değerlendirme formu ve yarı-yapılandırılmış bireysel veli görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde tek yönlü kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA), yansıtma zamanı değerlendirme formunun çözümlenmesi için yüzdelik analizi yapılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise, yarı-yapılandırılmış bireysel veli görüşmesinden elde edilen verilerle içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının toplam puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu ve deney grubu öğrencilerinin son test ve kalıcılık testi toplam puanlarında anlamlı artış olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. İçerik analizi ve yansıtma zamanı formundan elde edilen veriler, sorumluluk davranışlarının kazandırılmasına ilişkin kanıtları ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, temel yüzme eğitimi alan öğrencilere sorumluluk davranışlarının kazandırılmasında BSSM etkili olmuştur.In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model through basic swimming education in teaching students responsibility behaviors. The data group of the study consisted of 50 students (experimental group n=25, control group n=25) between the ages of 9-15 who received basic swimming education in the semi-olympic swimming pool in the center of Afyonkarahisar in the 2023-2024 academic year. In the study, a mixed methods design with embedded quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group was used. In the study, a swimming education-based TPSR program was implemented for eight weeks, two lessons per week, 16 lessons in total. The Personal and Social Responsibility Scale (PSR-S), reflection time evaluation form and a semi-structured individual parent interview form were used as data tools. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the quantitative data, and percentage analysis was used to analyze the reflection time evaluation form. In the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis was performed with the data obtained from the semi-structured individual parent interview. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the total scores of the experimental and control groups and that there was a significant increase in the post-test and retention test total scores of the experimental group students. The data obtained from the content analysis and the reflection time form provided evidence for the acquisition of responsibility behaviors. As a result, the TPSR was effective in teaching responsibility behaviors to students receiving basic swimming education
Evaluation of young individuals' climate change awareness perceptions
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, genç bireylerin küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalığını çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı desende planlanan araştırmanın verileri 14.01.2025-14.03.2025 tarihleri arasında online ortamda Google Forms aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma, dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 391 katılımcı ile tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların %45,52’si kadın (n = 178), %54,48’i erkek (n = 213) bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, iklim veya çevre ile ilgili eğitim almanın küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalığını artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak, doğa kaynaklı afet deneyiminin farkındalık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır. Küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalık düzeyi, afet yaşamış katılımcılarda 74,05 ± 14,36, afet yaşamamış katılımcılarda ise 71,49 ± 11,54 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalığını artırmak amacıyla çevre ve iklim değişikliğine yönelik eğitim faaliyetleri yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Ayrıca, iklim değişikliği kaynaklı afetler hakkında bilgilendirme çalışmaları farkındalık oluşturma çabalarına katkı sağlayabilir. İklim değişikliğiyle ilgili faaliyet ve programların gelir düzeyi dikkate alınarak planlanması önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, farkındalık çalışmalarında kadın liderliği teşvik edilebilir.The aim of this study is to examine the global climate change awareness of young individuals in terms of various variables. The data of the research, planned in a cross-sectional and descriptive design, were collected online Google Forms between 14.01.2025 and 14.03.2025. The study was completed with 391 participants who met the inclusion criteria. 45.52% of the participants in the study were female (n = 178) and 54.48% were male (n = 213). In the study, it was determined that receiving education on climate or the environment increased global climate change awareness. However, it was determined that natural disaster experience did not have a significant effect on awareness. The global climate change awareness level was calculated as 74.05 ± 14.36 among participants who experienced a disaster and 71.49 ± 11.54 in those who did not. As a result, educational activities on the environment and climate change should be expanded to increase global climate change awareness. In addition, informational activities regarding disasters caused by climate change can contribute to awareness-raising efforts. It is recommended that activities and programs related to climate change be planned by taking income levels into account. In addition, women's leadership can be encouraged in awareness activities
Determination of biological value and functional properties of curd che-eses produced by lactic acid bacterial fermentation.
No full textBu araştırmada lor peynirleri içerisine Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus kültürleri eklenerek probiyotik lor peynirleri üretilmiştir. Lor peynirleri 4 ºC'de 14 gün boyunca depolanmıştır.Depolanma zamanı içerisinde 1,7 ve 14.günlerde örneklere; pH, titrasyon asitliği, su aktivitesi, kuru madde, renk, tekstür, toplam aerobik mezofil bakteri sayısı, toplam maya küf sayısı, laktik asit bakterisi sayısı, lactococcus-streptococcus cinsi bakteri sayıları incelenmiştir.Depolama süresince L*, a*, b*,pH, su aktivitesi, kuru madde ve titrasyon asitliği değerlerinde değerinde artış meydana gelmiştir.Yapılan tekstür profil analizlerinde ise sertlik, elastikiyet, sakızımsılık, çiğnenebilirlik değerlerinde azalış gözlenirken, dış yapışkanlık, iç yapışkanlık ve esneklik değerlerinde ise artış meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.Mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise; laktik asit bakteri sayısı, lactococcus-streptococcus cinsi bakteri sayısı, maya-küf sayısında da artış olduğu gözlemlenirken, toplam aerobik mezofil bakteri sayısında azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this research, probiotic curd cheeses were produced by adding Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus cultures to curd cheeses. Curd cheeses were stored at 4 ºC for 14 days.During the storage period, pH, titratable acidity, water activity, dry matter, color, texture, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, total yeast mold count, lactic acid bacteria count, lactococcus-streptococcus bacteria count were examined in the samples on the 1st, 7th and 14th days.During the storage period, there was an increase in L*, a*, b*, pH, water activity, dry matter and titratable acidity values. In the texture profile analyzes, it was determined that there was a decrease in hardness, elasticity, gumminess, chewiness values, while there was an increase in external adhesiveness, internal adhesiveness and flexibility values. When the microbiological analysis results were examined; While an increase in the number of lactic acid bacteria, lactococcus-streptococcus bacteria, and yeast-mold counts was observed, a decrease in the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was detected
Selection of the most suitable eye model for sub-tenon anesthesia
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Cyto-Genotoxic Assessment of Sulfoxaflor in Allium cepa Root Cells and DNA Docking Studies
No full textSulfoxaflor (SFX) is an insecticide that is commonly used for the control of sap-feeding insects. Since SFX is extensively applied globally, it has been implicated in the substantial induction of environmental toxicity. Therefore, in this study, Allium cepa roots have been employed to elucidate the potential cytogenotoxic effects of SFX in non-target cells by examination of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. Physiological effects of SFX were evaluated by A. cepa root growth inhibition assay, while cytogenotoxic effects were assessed by A. cepa ana-telophase and comet assay. Moreover, DNA binding affinity and binding mode of SFX were examined using molecular docking simulations to shed light on the genotoxic mechanism of action. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) on the growth of A. cepa cells calculated for SFX was found as 500 mg/L. Moreover, dose- and time-dependent decrease in MI, increase in CAs (disturbed ana-telophase, chromosomal laggards, stickiness, and anaphase chromosome bridge) and DNA damage were observed by the exposure of A. cepa root tips to SFX after 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h treatment periods. A 6-bp double-stranded DNA structure containing two intercalation sites (PDB ID: 1Z3F) was used for docking studies. According to DNA docking results, SFX exhibited an energetically more favorable binding affinity with DNA (Delta G = -5.05 kcal/mol) compared with the experimental mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (Delta G = -2.94 kcal/mol), and preferentially snugly fits into the minor groove of DNA possessing an intercalation gap, thus, providing valuable mechanistic data into the formation of chromosome aberrations and DNA fragmentation induced by this pesticide in A. cepa.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma KurumuThis work was supported by Tuerkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara & scedil;t & imath;rma Kurumu
An AI-assisted explainable mTMCNN architecture for detection of mandibular third molar presence from panoramic radiography
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to design and systematically evaluate an architecture, proposed as the Explainable Mandibular Third Molar Convolutional Neural Network (E-mTMCNN), for detecting the presence of mandibular third molars (m-M3) in panoramic radiography (PR). The proposed architecture seeks to enhance the accuracy of early detection and improve clinical decision-making and treatment planning in dentistry. Methods: A new dataset, named the Mandibular Third Molar (m-TM) dataset, was developed through expert labeling of raw PR images from the UESB dataset. This dataset was subsequently made publicly accessible to support further research. Several advanced image preprocessing techniques, including Gaussian filtering, gamma correction, and data augmentation, were applied to improve image quality. Various Deep learning (DL) based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were trained and validated using Transfer Learning (TL) methodologies. Among these, the E-mTMCNN, leveraging the GoogLeNet architecture, achieved the highest performance metrics. To ensure transparency in the model's decision-making process, Local Interpretable ModelAgnostic Explanations (LIME) were integrated as an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approach. Clinical reliability and applicability were assessed through an expert survey conducted among specialized dentists using a decision support system based on the E-mTMCNN. Results: The E-mTMCNN architecture demonstrated a classification accuracy of 87.02%, with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 94.73%, precision of 77.68%, an F1 score of 75.51%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.01%. The integration of LIME provided visual explanations of the model's decision-making rationale, reinforcing the robustness of the proposed architecture. Results from the expert survey indicated high clinical acceptance and confidence in the reliability of the system. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the E-mTMCNN architecture effectively detects the presence of m-M3 in PRs, outperforming current state-of-the-art methodologies. The proposed architecture shows considerable potential for integration into computer-aided diagnostic systems, advancing early detection capabilities and enhancing the precision of treatment planning in dental practice
Fuzzy PID control of two-axle electronic differential system
No full textBu tezde, çok akstan yönlendirmeli elektrikli taşıtlarda kullanılan elektronik diferansiyel sistemlerinin kontrolü için klasik PID ve bulanık mantık tabanlı PID kontrol stratejileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı aks konfigürasyonlarına sahip 4x4 ve 6x6 yapıda taşıt modelleri oluşturulmuş ve Ackermann direksiyon geometrisi esas alınarak tekerlek yönlendirmeleri hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen matematiksel modeller MATLAB/Simulink ortamında simüle edilmiş ve kontrolör performansları analiz edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre, fuzzy PID kontrolcü, klasik PID kontrolcüye kıyasla yaklaşık %98.79 daha kısa yerleşme süresi, %57.3 oranında daha düşük maksimum aşım ve yaklaşık %39.37 oranında daha düşük Ortalama Mutlak Hata değeri ile daha iyi sistem kararlılığı sağlamıştır. Bu kapsamda geliştirilen kontrol sistemi, yüksek manevra kabiliyeti gerektiren taktiksel insansız kara araçlarında kullanılmaya uygundur. Elde edilen bulgular, çok akstan yönlendirmeli EDS sistemlerinin kontrolünde bulanık mantığın önemli bir avantaj sunduğunu göstermekte ve bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.In this thesis, classical PID and fuzzy logic-based PID control strategies were investigated for the control of electronic differential systems used in multi-axle steered electric vehicles. Vehicle models with 4x4 and 6x6 configurations were developed, and wheel steering angles were calculated based on the Ackermann steering geometry. The developed mathematical models were simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the performance of the controllers was analyzed. According to the simulation results, the fuzzy PID controller achieved approximately 98.79% shorter settling time, 57.3% lower maximum overshoot, and about 39.37% lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) compared to the classical PID controller, resulting in improved system stability. In this context, the developed control system is suitable for tactical unmanned ground vehicles that require high maneuverability. The findings demonstrate that fuzzy logic offers a significant advantage in the control of multi-axle steered electronic differential systems, contributing to the existing literature in this field