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Effects of Green Marketing Strategies on Consumer Purchases Decisions in Retail Sector: A Case Study of Nakumatt Supermarkets
No full textA Project Research Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters in Business Administration (MBA)This study sought to establish the impact of green marketing on consumer buying behavior in retail shopping. This study will be guided by the following objectives: To establish the impact of green labeling on consumer purchases at Nakumatt supermarket; To determine the influence of eco-branding on consumer purchases at Nakumatt supermarket; To determine the influence of environmental advertisement on consumer purchases at Nakumatt supermarket; To determine the factors used by firms (marketing mix element) to influence them purchase eco-friendly products.
The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional survey and the target population for this study consisted of employees in the Nakumatt village Market, Nakumatt Junction and Nakumatt Mega branches in Nairobi County. Using the sampling formula and with a 95% confidence interval a sample of 138 respondents was drawn. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires with both close ended and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze the data collected. The study also adopted a multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis to establish the relationship between variables of interest.
The findings on the first objective established that most respondents agreed that branding of the goods and services affects my purchasing decisions, consumers’ willingness to purchase green might be rooted in their passion for the environment. In addition, the attitudes and buying behavior of consumers also affect purchasing decisions. Price also influences purchase of Eco labeled products and packaging has an effect on purchasing decisions. While most of the respondents also prefer buying products that have environmental labelled packaging and all packaging in the supermarket is done using green packaging products. The correlation established was a positive one between consumer purchasing and eco labelling.
The findings on the second objective established that most of the respondents agreed that environmental advertising add product value, and the company creates social awareness on environmental protection. It was also established that social media is actively used to advance green marketing and most respondents use products which are harmless to the environment. It was also agreed that social media has the green marketing messages and environmental advertising has effects on consumer purchases.
The findings on the third objective established that most respondents agreed that the company’s uses eco brand image that is easily noticeable and they were able to differentiate harmful and unlawful products. The company was also found to create social awareness on environmental protection and social media has the green marketing messages. Most of the respondents also agreed that they love green brands because they are more natural. In addition, use of Eco-brands has influenced my purchase decision and green brand have high consumption rates.
The study concluded that the firm had adopted green packaging products for its products and this has in a way influenced the purchasing decisions made by customers. While firms have concentrated on undertaking green marketing its the consumers’ willingness and passion to make green purchase that really matters. From the findings, it can be inferred that most of the products sold at the retail store are recyclable and therefore harmless to the environment. Despite this, environmental advertising leads to addition of product value and directly impact the volume of consumer purchases. Most of the clients are well informed enough to be able to differentiate harmful and unlawful products. of Eco-brands influences purchase decisions and consumption rates.
It was recommended that Retailers should continue packaging using green packaging products in order to have an impact on the purchasing decisions. The company need to continue supplying products which are harmless to the environment and to create awareness there is a need for pursuit of environmental advertising through social media platforms which has overtime been used to actively advance green marketing. It was also recommended that Use of Eco-brands has an influence on purchase decision and therefore there is a need for the retail chain to adopt green brand.
To be able to take this outcome to be a representative of the retail sector in Kenya, further studies need to be done on the other major retail chains as well. In addition, other studies can also be done to establish the challenges faced while implementing green marketing and the benefits of green marketing practices to the establishments
Exploring The Role of Spiritual Beliefs and Rituals in Recruitment, Retention, And Peacebuilding: The Case of the Lord’s Resistance Army
No full textA Thesis Submitted To The School Of Humanities And Social Sciences In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of The Master Of Arts Degree In International RelationsThis exploratory study examines whether spiritual belief and rituals play a significant role in the recruitment and retention of rebel group members and attempts to find patterns that have an effect on long-term peacebuilding. A brief review indicates that while beliefs and rituals have been highlighted by some scholars within civil war literature as playing a part, there remains a lacuna in the study of the phenomenon. The study finds that for the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), the charismatic authority of Joseph Kony, its leader, was central to the recruitment and retention of members into the group. The findings of the study were attained through key informant interviews with former members of the LRA and community leaders in and around Gulu, Northern Uganda. The study also finds that spiritual beliefs were in this case, not critical to recruitment and retention. For peacebuilding and peaceful co-existence, however, Acholi beliefs, and rituals about cleansing play a considerable function. These beliefs reveal an alternative explanation to why the war occurred in the community and concludes that these rituals and beliefs offer power, protection, and belonging
The Impact of Social Innovation on Development: A Case Study of AFRIPADS in Masaka, Uganda.
No full textA Thesis Submitted To the School Of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in International RelationsDevelopment is a multifaceted concept that cuts across most economies. All economies in the globe strive to create better environment for themselves working towards the goal of achieving development. The concept can be attributed to very many factors but this research will specifically focus on the role that Social innovations play in development. ‘Social innovation’ is a term that has become quite common in the recent years with some players viewing it as just a buzz word. However, some social scientists have managed to envision the value of this term especially in addressing social challenges. This study suggests a possible definition of social innovation and through a case study will show how the term impacts development. The case study is on a social innovation known as AFRIpads that seeks to address the challenge of girls and women inability to access sanitary pads leading to high rate of school dropout and productivity respectively. The innovation is a high quality and affordable reusable sanitary pad that can be used for a minimum of one year. This case study will focus on how AFRIpads social innovation has played a role in development of communities in Masaka, Uganda. The research incorporated primary data which was collected by use of questionnaires provided to 115 female respondents in Masaka District. Quantitative data collected was coded, processed and cleaned off any inconsistencies. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) software was used to analyze the quantitative data using descriptive and inferential statistics. The relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable was established using multiple linear regression models. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis and results presented in verbatim. Findings were presented in the form of text, charts and tables. Findings revealed a positive correlation between the independent variables (Disposable income, educational and socio-economic impact) and dependent variable (development) ascertaining the relationship between social innovations and development
Communication, Conflict Resolution and Financial Unity among Married Couples from Churches in Makadara Constituency, Kenya
No full textA Thesis Submitted To The School Of Humanities And Social Sciences In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Degree Of Master Of Arts In Counseling PsychologyWhereas marriage is associated with satisfaction and happiness, several factors are widely acknowledged as necessary for a happy marriage. According to research in Counseling Psychology, satisfactory communication, conflict resolution and financial unity are key determinants for happiness in marriage. For instance, some known causes of divorce are listed as financial problems and lack of communication. It is with this understanding that this study sought to find out how communication, conflict resolution and financial unity change across different durations of marriage, and discover if they improve with increase in marriage duration. The precise objectives were establishing the differences in communication styles, conflict resolution styles and financial unity depending on duration of marriage. This study was conducted using a mixed method research design, with the target population being married respondents from various churches in Makadara constituency. The sample churches were selected using stratified sampling, with 15 churches being selected from 140 churches. A sample of 390 respondents was chosen from the sample number of churches using simple random sampling, with 13 couples selected from each church, though there were some changes in the overall study. A questionnaire was developed as a tool for collecting data. The researcher analyzed data using SPSS which utilized frequency distribution tables, percentages, chi square, and an additional analysis, correlation. The research results showed that passive aggressive style and assertive style were significant to duration of marriage, with χ2 (16, N=401) =26.331, p=0.05 and χ2 (16, N=401) =28.034, p=0.031 respectively. Passive aggressive style was significant to duration of marriage, with (F (4, N=396) =2.558, p=0.038), and it tended to decrease as duration of marriage increased. The mean values of positive communication styles increased as duration of marriage increased. With conflict resolution, compromise style and collaborative style were significant to marriage, with χ2 (16, N=401) =34.436, p=0.005 and χ2 (16, N=399) =33.371, p=0.007 respectively. Compromise style was positively correlated with duration of marriage at p=0.018, as it tended to increase as duration of marriage increased. The mean values of positive conflict resolution styles increased as duration of marriage increased. With financial unity, awareness of one‟s spouse‟s accounts was significant to duration of marriage, with χ2 (16, N=401) =26.264, p=0.05. Preferring to save rather than purchase items was negatively correlated to duration of marriage at p<0.01, as it tended to decrease as duration of marriage increased. The results showed that there was improvement of the three categories with increase in marriage duration, with positive styles getting better as duration of marriage increased and vice versa. There were implications drawn from the study, with the researcher suggesting programs be set up to help marriages thrive, from before marriage, to after marriage
Knowledge Management Strategies on Performance of Information, Communication and Technology Companies in Nairobi County
No full textA Research Project Report Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Business Research MethodsSustainable competitive advantage is essential on building and exploiting core competencies. The ability to develop and leverage the value of these intangible assets comprises a core competency for organization, particularly those providing financial and professional services. This study sought to establish the effects of knowledge management strategies on performance of ICT companies in Nairobi County. The study sought to address the following research questions: How do knowledge creation strategies affect performance of ICT companies in Nairobi County? What is the effect of knowledge sharing strategies on performance of ICT companies in Nairobi County? What is the effect of knowledge application strategies on performance of ICT companies in Nairobi County?
The study adopted a descriptive research design targeting 81 ICT firms. A census was applied as there are less than 100 firms within the city of Nairobi hence easily accessible. The study collected primary data using a questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excel to generate quantitative reports which were presented in the form of tabulations, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Analyzed data was presented using tables and figures.
The study established that the companies had online portals where employees access relevant information relating to their tasks, had well established media for sharing of information among employees and observes operations inherited since its founding. The study further revealed that knowledge in the organizations emerged from local innovations, firms build technological advantages suited for the local market, majority of the engineers in the companies are local, engineers always take an opportunity to avail solutions to corporate technology challenges, engineers diagnose corporate technology challenges with precision and engineers possess adequate experience on the local technology market.
The study found that companies held several talks among staff to generate new knowledge on how to meet customers’ needs, holds brainstorming sessions to come up with new ways of satisfying customer needs, had online portals where employees access relevant information relating to their tasks, had well established media for sharing of information among employees and that knowledge in the organizations emerged from local innovations build to suit the local market.
The study concluded that knowledge creation was promoted at the ICT companies through the organization media and training, knowledge sharing increases continuous performance improvement and companies identified what skills are needed to attain organizational goals and experienced staff needed to apply the currently available knowledge more effectively. The study recommends that ICT companies should adopt more ways of creating knowledge/information among employees, adopt more ways of sharing knowledge/information and incentive programs which reward knowledge application.
The alignment of knowledge management policy to the organizational strategy will act as a guideline on how knowledge should be disseminated within the organizations. The study further recommends that the ICT companies should adopt more ways of sharing knowledge/information among employees in order to improve their knowledge management capacities. The alignment of knowledge management policy to the organizational strategy will act as a guideline on how knowledge should be disseminated within the organizations.
The study also recommends that incentive programs which reward knowledge application that will encourage employees to actively share knowledge with their colleagues should be used. This may go further in encouraging cross-department knowledge sharing and will encourage coordination between different departments. This may be beneficial in reducing duplicate operations within organizations and as a whole creating a learning organization
The Effect of Marketing Strategies on Viewership and Growth of Media Service in Kenya: A Case Of Citizen TV
No full textA Project Report Submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters in Business Administration (MBA)The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of marketing strategies on viewership and growth of Royal Media Services: A case of Citizen Television. The
research was guided by the following objectives: to determine the effects of pricing on viewership and growth of Citizen Tv to determine the effects of reach on Viewership and Growth of Citizen T V and to explore the effects of brand on Viewership and Growth
of Citizen TV .
The research design used in the study was a descriptive one and the researcher used
questionnaires as the main data collection instrument from the sampled respondents at the company. A quantitative content analysis was employed to analyze the respondents'
views about the effects of marketing strategies on viewership and growth of Citizen TV
services. The data was then coded to enable the researcher to make explanatory assertions. From the total population of 100 respondents a sample of 70 respondents was
arrived at, however only 55 responded resulting into a 79% response rate. Descriptive and
inferential statistics done by using SPSS was used to analyze the data and the output
presented in form of tables and figures
The study intended to establish the pricing strategy used by Citizen T V and the findings
reveal that it was customer value-based pricing strategy. The finding also revealed that
pricing strategy affects Viewership and Growth of Citizen T V and that relationship with
customers influences goal achievement. Findings revealed that intensity of competition in
the media industry had an impact on the pricing policy applied by citizen TV , although
most of the respondents disagreed that company size influenced the pricing strategy given to them by citizen TV .
The study also established that the organization undertake promotions regularly on citizen
TV . Most of the respondents agreed that adverts at Citizen T V creates branding moment
that resonate well with the target markets and they had used advertising at Citizen T V to
motivate audiences to purchase the advertised product, also noticeable was that social
networking sites has enabled Citizen T V extend its marketing campaigns to a wider range
of consumers and this social media messages are packaged according to age of the target market. Sales promotion has enabled many firms to attract new customers and induce present customers to buy more.
This study also sought to scrutinize effects of branding on viewership and growth of
citizen T V and it was established that many respondents disagreed that they constantly
analyze their brand through various perspectives of citizen TV , however, advertising with
Citizen TV , has attracted high-quality personnel to the company. On the other hand, it
was revealed that their strong brand had resulted into higher margins in the company. It
was also noted that customer loyalty for the brand stems from customers' approval of the
brand, which leads to their continuous purchasing.
The study concluded that Citizen T V employs customer value-based pricing strategy and
cost-Based Pricing Strat^y. It is also noted that pricing strategy applied has no effects on
the Viewership and Growth of Citizen T V but rather their relationship with customers has
the most influence on goal achievement. In order for firm to increase their reach
organization seek promotion services from stations regularly on citizen TV . In addition,
to reach the target market adverts at Citizen T V are customized to resonate well with
them. Such roles motivate audiences to purchase the advertised product. Firms have other means to analyze their brand other than through the various perspectives of citizen TV .
Due to this management of the firms do not place a corporate long-term involvement and
resources to ensure the brand remains on top in the industry courtesy of Citizen TV .
It was recommended that Citizen T V should continue applying both customer valuebased
pricing strategy and cost-Based Pricing Strategy. They also need to continue
maintaining a good relationship with customers in order to influence goal achievement.
As a result of Unilever, and Procter and Gamble undertaking regular promotions on
citizen TV , the firm needs to come up with reward system for such big-time clients. The
creative team should also produce adverts at Citizen T V that creates branding moment
that resonate well with the target markets, therefore maintain its clientele. Citizen T V
should ensure that management of FMCGs puts in place a corporate long-term
involvement and resources to ensure a continued partnership with the media house.
There is a need to undertake further studies to analyze how the various pricing strategy
affect Viewership and Growth of Citizen TV , and also the impact of utilization of pricing
strategy on revenue over years. There is also a need to undertake a similar study in other
media stations in order to be able to compare the findings
The Effect of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement on Accessibility of Medicine in Kenya
No full textA Thesis Report Submitted to the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Masters of Arts in International RelationsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) on accessibility of medicine in Kenya.
Specifically the study sought to find out if at all TRIPS has impacted the inaccessibility
of drugs in Kenya, to examine the role different actors have played in making sure
Kenyans gets acce^g to drugs and lastly to find out what policies Kenya is using to ensure
accessibility to medicine. The researcher targeted all the 33 pharmaceutical
manufacturing companies in Kenya and purposively selected three senior most managers
from every company to arrive at a sample size of 99 respondents that participated in study.
The study established that TRIPS had the largest influence on the accessibility of drugs
followed by the policies used while the role of the actors had the least effect. The study
concluded that TRIPS Agreement partially allowed granting of compulsory licenses in
order to make cheaper and available generic versions of patented drugs. Intellectual
Property Rights protection did not enhance cost effective innovations in the drug
manufacturing industry and therefore did not encourage drug availability and access Kenya. The study further concluded that companies in the manufacturing sector created
value by discovering and producing effective medicines, vaccines and services that
improved patients' well-being and ensured products were readily available in the markets
at affordable prices.
The researcher recommended that firms and innovation companies in the manufacturing
sector should improve in the creation of value by discovering and producing effective
medicines, vaccines and services that improve patients' well-being, and ensure that products are readily available in the markets at affordable prices. On the other hand, Kenyan government should ensure constant availability and accessibility of safe and
effective drugs to all sectors of the populatio
Determinants of Bank's Profitability in Kenya
No full textA Project Report Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters in Business Administration (MBA)The purpose of this study was to establish the determinants of banks profitability in Kenya.
The study sought to answer three questions namely: What is the effect of bank specific
factors on the banks profitability in Kenya? What is the effect of the industry specific
factors on banks profitability in Kenya and what is the effect of macroeconomic factors on
banks profitability in Kenya.
The study used descriptive research design to investigate the determinants of various
variables on bank profitability. A descriptive research is appropriate for this research due
to its advantage of explaining the behavior of each bank and determining the relationship
between the dependent and independent variables. A descriptive research design is used in structuring research showing all major component of project, which entails sample or
groups, measures, treatments or programs and the different methods that work in unity to
address the research phenomenon. The population under study was the 10 commercial
banks listed under the Nairobi Securities Exchange as at December 2014. In this study the entire population of the 10 listed banks at the Nairobi securities exchange are the sample size. The study used secondary data collected from the audited financial statements of the banks obtained from their websites from the year 2010 to 2014.
The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to test the
significance and direction of relationships between the study variables. Regression analysis was used to show the strength, direction and significance of the relationships which was consistent with the study which sought to detail the effect of the determinants of bank's profitability in Kenya and to determine the relationship between independent and
dependent variables. In this study, regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) models
was obtained from the statistical package for social science (SPSS) and Microsoft excel.
Presentation of the results was done in the form of tables and figures.
Regression analysis results found a positive relationship between bank specific factors
and the bank profitability measures namely: return on assets and return on equity with the
correlation being statistically non-significant. The coefficients from the regression model
found a positive effect of bank size and the liquidity ratio and an inverse relationship with
capital adequacy with the bank profitability. With the industry specific factors, both market
concentration and ownership showed a positive relationship with bank profitability with
foreign banks being more profitable than the local banks. Banks with govemment
participation were less profitable as compared to banks which does not transact with the government. The study found a relationship between the macroeconomic variables and
bank performance with statistically significant correlation. Gross domestic product had a
positive effect to bank profitability whereas inflation and interest rates had a negative
effect. The study concluded that there exists a positive relationship between bank
profitability and bank specific factors namely bank size, liquidity and capital adequacy.
The study concluded that there exists a very strong positive non-significant relationship
between market concentration and the bank's profitability. The study concluded that there
exists a positive relationship and statistically significant correlation between bank
profitability and the three macroeconomic factors namely: inflation, annual average
inflation and gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth. The study recommends further
research on factors affecting profitability for local non-listed banks in Kenya focusing on
impact of the government and legal policies
Does your firm measure up in terms of fairness?
No full textA Newspaper article by Scott Bellows, an Assistant Professor in the Chandaria School of Business at USIU-AfricaWe learn from a very early age to value fairness. Researchers Jing Li, Leann Birch, Jane Billman and numerous others note that by the end of the toddler period at three years old, a child can notice and react aversely to disadvantageous inequality in distributions. Any parent knows if you give one child two cookies and another child only one cookie that a torrent of yelling, objections and crying will ensue by the marginalised child.
As a socially-oriented species, humans never outgrow our deep desire for justice in our personal lives and society at large as we age. Nothing sits so uncomfortably deep in the recesses of our mind than the feeling of unfairness.
The human brain pays acute attention to issues surrounding equitable distribution and treatment. An adult example includes when a citizen works and follows all the rules but notices on his walk to work a Prado passing by that contains a contractor who illegally obtained construction tenders.
The observation twists his emotions into knots. Likewise, a strong student candidate in her university student government elections can feel utterly cheated if she perceives that other candidates do not abide by institutional campaigning policies
Traits that make an ideal worker
No full textA Newspaper article by Scott Bellows, an Assistant Professor in the Chandaria School of Business at USIU-AfricaInterviews represent a hallmark encompassing the very essence of management. Supervisors must get the right talent in the door and weed out incompetent or incompatible workers upfront in order to avoid months and years of organisational pain and conflict in the future.
When asking employers which attribute they most desire in an employee, a myriad of traits gush out like punctual, fun, smart, timely, patient, outgoing, kind, nurturing, aggressive, motivated, and on and on and on. The daunting list represents a cacophony of qualities that blur a more specific picture of a perfect candidate.
In addition to skills needed in a profession, human resources experts recommend hiring managers to look at outward expressions of one’s personality. Many professionals know the famous Myers Briggs personality test developed by the mother-daughter psychologists in 1943. It avoids negative versus positive constructs and focuses instead on personal preferences.
The Myers Briggs approach proves useful in team functioning. But a different type of personality approach yields better hiring decisions. Do not force applicants to take personality tests. Instead notice attributes of the big five personality traits