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Sustaining botok-botok as a Malay food tradition practice through the lens of cultural intelligence
Full text linkThis study examined the Cultural Intelligence (CQ) of Johor’s botok-botok, which has been at risk of cultural erosion. With three-fold objectives, data from 10 interviewees, with ages ranging from 23 to 62 years old, is analysed using a thematic analysis. The findings revealed that botok-botok served not only as food but also as a vessel of ancestral memory, communal identity, and heritage. While the Johorean Malays continue to use traditional methods, several respondents are innovating by incorporating alternative ingredients, utilising frozen packaging, and developing creative menu concepts. In conclusion, cultural preservation remains possible through CQ-driven adaptation
Judicial application of nushūz: a comparative study between the Afghan and Malaysian legal systems = التطبيق القضائي للنشوز :دراسة مقارنة بين النظامين الأفغاني والماليزي
No full textMarital disobedience (nushuz) remains one of the most contested issues in Islamic jurisprudence and family law, with direct implications for spousal rights and family stability, particularly in contexts oscillating between Sharia principles, customary norms, and modern legal frameworks. Previous scholarship has largely focused either on theoretical jurisprudence or on single-country case studies, leaving a gap in comparative research across Muslim-majority states with divergent legal systems, such as Afghanistan and Malaysia. This study aims to analyze marital disobedience through a comparative examination of Afghan and Malaysian Sharia courts, exploring how Islamic jurisprudence interacts with customary practices and codified laws, and highlighting the gap between legal texts and judicial practice. The research employs a comparative legal-doctrinal method, drawing on classical fiqh sources, statutory laws, international reports, and selected case law from both jurisdictions. The study finds that Afghan adjudication is deeply shaped by tribal customs, which undermine women’s procedural safeguards, while the Malaysian system provides a more structured institutional framework with codified rules and procedural guarantees, though unevenly applied across states. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comparative model that uncovers the interplay of law, Sharia, and social context in addressing nusyuz. It recommends legal and judicial reforms that balance the higher objectives of Sharia with contemporary notions of justice.
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تشكّل قضايا النشوز أحد أبرز التحديات في الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الأسري، لما لها من انعكاسات مباشرة على استقرار الأسرة وحقوق الزوجين، خاصة في المجتمعات التي التي تواجه تداخلا بين النصوص الشرعية والأعراف أو التشريعات الحديثة .معظم الدراسات السابقة اقتصرت إما على الجانب الفقهي النظري أو على تجارب محلية منفردة، مع غياب دراسات مقارنة معمقة بين دول إسلامية ذات أنظمة قانونية متباينة، مثل أفغانستان وماليزيا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ومعالجة قضايا النشوز من خلال مقارنة القضاء الشرعي في أفغانستان وماليزيا، للكشف عن كيفية تفاعل الفقه الإسلامي مع الأعراف المحلية أو التشريعات الحديثة، واستجلاء الفجوة بين النصوص والتطبيق. اعتمد البحث على منهج مقارن، بالاستناد إلى تحليل النصوص الفقهية والتشريعات الرسمية والتقارير الدولية، مع مراجعة أحكام قضائية مختارة من كلا البلدين. أظهرت الدراسة أن النظام الأفغاني يتأثر بعمق بالأعراف القبلية التي تضعف الضمانات القانونية للمرأة، في حين يقدم النظام الماليزي إطارًا مؤسسيًا أكثر تنظيمًا عبر تقنين النشوز وضمانات إجرائية، لكنه يعاني من تفاوت في التطبيق بين الولايات. تسهم الدراسة في إثراء الأدبيات العلمية عبر تقديم نموذج مقارن يكشف أثر السياق الاجتماعي والقانوني على تطبيق أحكام النشوز، وتوصي بضرورة إصلاح تشريعي وقضائي يوازن بين مقاصد الشريعة ومتطلبات العدالة المعاصر
Human cognitive enhancement and reprogenetic technologies in Malaysia – a survey study of local Muslim undergraduate students' viewpoints
No full textIntroduction:
Newly emerging human enhancement technologies such as brain chip implants, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, and polygenic embryo screening (PES) alongside preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-P) are highly controversial in Islam. However, the prevailing sociocultural dynamics encourage their uptake. In the current era of declining fertility rates, increased parental investment in fewer children has resulted in a flourishing tuition industry, accompanied by heightened academic pressure on students and widespread parental anxiety. These emerging technologies can be employed for cognitive enhancement, thereby providing an expedient solution for parents and students navigating a highly competitive educational environment.
Materials and methods:
To inform and facilitate future policy decision-making, an online survey was conducted among 575 undergraduate Muslim students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) to assess their perspectives and opinions regarding these newly emerging technologies.
Results:
The findings indicated a significant level of opposition among respondents to the uptake of human enhancement technologies, with 54.8% opposing polygenic embryo screening, 69.2% opposing gene editing, and 75.3% opposing brain chip implants, reflecting substantial concerns about altering natural human attributes. The results also indicate that numerous Muslim respondents believe that Allah created humans flawlessly and purposefully, asserting that humanity lacks the authority to alter or amend this creation.
Discussion/Conclusion:
A three-pronged governance approach for human enhancement technologies is thus proposed, which encompasses (i) bioethical safeguards, (ii) public engagement and education, and (iii) economic accessibility. It is suggested that the Malaysian government should actively consult relevant stakeholders and various segments of the public before enacting future legislation on these technologies
Natural black pigment: tannins
No full textTannins, a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic dyes. Derived from various plant sources, tannins offer a biodegradable and non-toxic solution for a wide
range of applications in industries including textiles, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food packaging. This chapter explores the extraction methods, characterization, and applications of tannin-based pigments, with a focus on their environmental sustainability and performance. The extraction of tannins is explored through several traditional and advanced techniques. Aqueous extraction remains a costeffective and eco-friendly method, while more advanced methods like microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) are being developed to improve extraction efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and increase yields. These modern techniques offer faster and more
sustainable alternatives for large-scale production. The chapter also delves into the measurement of tannins and black pigments, including the Folin-Ciocalteu assay for tannin quantification, colorimetry for pigment analysis, and lightfastness and wash-fastness testing to assess stability.
Additionally, the blackness (My) and jetness (Mc) of black pigments are calculated to evaluate their intensity and undertone, important factors in applications requiring specific visual qualities, such as automotive coatings. Finally, the chapter addresses the sustainability of tannin-based
pigments, including their low toxicity, biodegradability, and their role in reducing water consumption and waste. The use of waste materials like agricultural residues contributes to a circular economy, while ongoing research aims to enhance color stability and extend the applications of tannin-based pigments in various industries. Through these advancements, tannin-based pigments are positioned to play a significant
role in the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic colorants
Exploring algae pigments for eco-friendly design and energy efficiency in architecture
No full textThe increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions in the built environment has emphasized the innovative use of natural materials, focusing on algae pigments. This chapter explores the diverse applications of algae pigments in improving sustainability and energy
efficiency within modern architecture. This chapter introduces algae and their diverse cell growth modes—autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic—before exploring the potential of algae-based materials as sustainable alternatives in construction. The discussion examines current design trends incorporating algae into the built environment, highlighting their contribution to carbon sequestration, thermal insulation, and daylight optimization. It evaluates both the environmental benefits of these applications and their significant potential to reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, this chapter provides a contextual analysis of
algae utilization in Malaysia, showcasing regional practices and advancements. By integrating algae pigments into various aspects of architectural design and functionality, this chapter illustrates a comprehensive approach to achieving sustainable and energy-efficient built environments. This document synthesizes current research, practical applications, and future trends to inspire and guide architects, engineers, and sustainability practitioners about algae pigments in promoting sustainability within the built environment
A factor-structural analysis of the A-K 5D Hikmah Model based on data from Islamic private school teachers in Narathiwat, Thailand
No full textThis cross-sectional survey examined the perceptions of Islamic school teachers in Narathiwat, Thailand, regarding the A-K 5D Hikmah Model and explored its underlying factor structure. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 350 Islamic private school teachers selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of schools across four size categories (small, medium, large, and largest) based on student population. The research instrument consisted of 35 Likert-scale items adapted from Al-Hidabi and Khiati (2021) to measure the dimensions of the A-K 5D Hikmah Model. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to assess teachers’ perceptions of the model and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to extract the model’s underlying structure. The EFA results revealed five underlying factors—Knowledge and Understanding, Action, Reflective Thinking, Empathy, and Ethical Self-Regulation—with 26 items retained from the original scale. In addition, the overall mean scores indicated high levels of agreement among teachers toward the wisdom dimensions of the model. The results suggest that the A-K 5D Hikmah Model is a valid multidimensional framework for understanding wisdom among Islamic private school teachers. Therefore, it is recommended that school administrators and teachers integrate wisdom-based programs into curricula and instructional practices to enhance holistic teacher development and classroom practic
Fast flux attack engine for benchmarking AI-based DNS security systems
No full textFast flux is a DNS-based cyberattack technique that rapidly changes the IP addresses associated with a single domain to evade detection. While AI-based detection methods have been increasingly effective, limitations persist due to the dynamic and evasive nature of fast flux networks. This study presents a benchmarking framework using multiple machine learning classifiers, such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient
Boosting, and Support Vector Machine, which are trained on
real DNS data. The system evaluates performance against key
features such as TTL values, IP churn rate, and number of
name servers. This work provides a foundational dataset and
comparative performance metrics to support future research in
AI-driven DNS security
Empirical analysis of big data analytics adoption in Malaysian SMEs: a TOE model approach
No full textThis research investigates the adoption of Big Data Analytics (BDA) within Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, leveraging the Technology-OrganizationEnvironment (TOE) model as a conceptual framework. A comprehensive review of global TOE factors SMEs face sets the stage for understanding the context of BDA adoption. The study employs a structured questionnaire survey, gathering responses from 155 SMES personnel to assess diverse TOE factors and the impact of BDA adoption. The findings reveal a positive correlation between BDA adoption and its Relative Advantages: cost reduction, improved work processes, elevated customer service, and enhanced work quality. Significant influencers in the adaptation of BDA within SMEs include Compatibility and Complexity. Organizational factors, such as preparedness and top-level management support, emerge as critical variables shaping BDA adoption. Furthermore, environmental factors, particularly competitive pressure, outweigh governmental regulation as a driver for BDA adoption among SMEs in Malaysia. Employing SPSS software and one-sample t-test analysis, the study establishes statistical significance for each identified TOE factor, providing robust evidence of their impact in the Malaysian SMES context. This research contributes empirical insights into the nuanced dynamics of BDA adoption, offering valuable guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of digital transformation within SMEs
Optimizing load balancing framework for a distributed local network
No full textLoad Balancing is a critical and foundational challenge in systems and network performance, especially in resource-constrained infrastructure environments. In which it requires careful alignment between infrastructure limited resources and performance requirements. This paper presents a lightweight deployment of a locally hosted web server on a small local network using off-the shelf devices. The observations of this paper indicate effective distribution of traffic evolving through different deployment stages. One node setup was implemented to be a baseline for performance comparison. And a 2-nodes setup was built using NGINX to provide the required load balancing. Both implementations were tested using load testing tools: Locust and Siege. Results were then compared based on standardized performance metrics: scalability, response time, throughput, and server load. The 2-nodes implementation showed near-linear scalability, with doubled throughput and CPU load dropped to 45