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Cornual ectopic pregnancy in primary care: a high-risk diagnostic challenge
Get PDFIntroduction: Cornual ectopic pregnancy is a rare but lifethreatening
variant, accounting for 2-4% of ectopic pregnancies. Due to its ability to grow longer before rupture, it presents a diagnostic challenge, especially in primary care. Early recognition is crucial for maternal safety.
Case Presentation: A 34-year-old multiparous woman
presented to a primary care clinic with two weeks of minimal
per vaginal bleeding and mild lower abdominal pain. She
was haemodynamically stable. Abdominal exam showed mild
suprapubic tenderness. A transabdominal ultrasound (used due
to equipment limitations) revealed a gestational sac in the right
cornual region with fetal heart activity and no free fluid. The
patient was a chronic smoker.
Discussion: Cornual pregnancy can present subtly, even in stable
patients. Risk factors such as smoking may impair tubal motility,
increasing ectopic risk. Literature shows diagnostic delays are
common due to non-specific symptoms. This case underscores
the need for high clinical suspicion in early pregnancy with
atypical bleeding. While transvaginal ultrasound is preferred,
transabdominal imaging may still yield crucial findings in resourcelimited
settings. The patient was referred urgently and underwent
successful laparoscopic surgery. Primary care physicians must
recognise red flags and refer promptly.
Conclusion: Cornual ectopic pregnancy is rare but serious. This
case highlights the importance of vigilance in primary care to ensure early diagnosis and timely referral, ultimately improving
maternal outcomes
Directors’ election within concentrated shareholding structure: a comparative analysis of Malaysia and Indonesia
Get PDFShareholders’ involvement in directors’ elections is viewed as an important governance tool, enabling the disciplining of non-performing directors. However, this power could be distorted to entrench directors affiliated with controlling shareholders. This article presents a comparative analysis of directors’ election mechanisms comparing Malaysia and Indonesia, jurisdictions with similar concentrated shareholding structures (dominated by family and state control) but with different board structures (unitary versus dual board). Highlighting gaps in statutory laws and corporate governance rules related to shareholder proposal rights, voting mechanisms and the functioning of the nomination committee, the article analyses whether the shareholders’ election rights are effective to counter director entrenchment. The article relies primarily on qualitative research method, combining doctrinal legal analysis and a comparative study of legal provisions, international and regional developments and court decisions. The article finds three key differences: First, Malaysia requires lower shareholding thresholds (2.5% for agenda proposals versus Indonesia's 20%), facilitating minority shareholder participation. Second, Indonesia’s no mandatory poll and slate voting enables controlling shareholders’ dominance that could lead to the entrenchment of affiliated directors. Third, there are different patterns of the tension between the nomination committee’s authority and shareholders' powers. Malaysia showed the nomination committee’s resistance to shareholder nominees, while Indonesian cases reveal concerns about bypassing the nomination committee. This article contributes to comparative corporate governance scholarship by: (1) identifying how unitary versus dual board structures produce distinct shareholder empowerment outcomes in concentrated ownership contexts; (2) documenting gaps in voting mechanisms that facilitate director entrenchment; and (3) providing a framework for evaluating shareholders' election rights across ASEAN jurisdictions
Institutionalisation of shariah governance practices: loosely coupling as a catalyst to evolutionary change
Get PDFThis study examines the institutionalisation of Shariah governance practices within Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), focusing on EMERALD an Islamic bank in Malaysia. Anchored in institutional theory and the processual framework of Burns and Scapens (2000), the study analyses how Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) regulatory, Shariah principle and institutional demands converge within a complex institutional setting. Empirical data were collected through nine in-depth interviews, extensive document analysis, and NVivo-assisted thematic interpretation. This study investigates EMERALD’s response to BNM’s Shariah Governance Policy Document (SGPD) 2019.
The findings indicate that the institutionalisation of Shariah governance practices in EMERALD was undertaken to ensure Shariah compliance as a sustained institutional outcome. This evolutionary process involved the encoding of new rules under the Shariah Governance Policy Document (SGPD) 2019, internal enactment through interpretive mechanisms such as ijtihad, negotiated adaptation among institutional members, and gradual routinisation. Loose coupling functioned as a catalyst in this transformation, enabling compliance with regulatory expectations while preserving interpretive discretion and operational flexibility across governance realms.
The study contributes to the understanding of how Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) respond to competing institutional demands by adapting internal structures and building consensus to institutionalise Shariah governance practices aimed at compliance. It also underscores the importance of consultative regulatory approaches and internal capacity-building in embedding Shariah-compliant practices. These insights are pertinent for regulators and practitioners seeking to align religious obligations with effective institutional governance
Sound cognitive intervention among adult with hyperacusis
Get PDFIntroduction: Sound-Cognitive Therapy (SCT), which integrates sound exposure with cognitive tasks, has emerged as a promising intervention for hyperacusis. This preliminary study evaluated the effectiveness of SCT in reducing sound sensitivity and improving emotional regulation. Methods: The study was conducted in three phases. (i) Ten participants were exposed to seven sounds (white noise, pink noise, waterfall, rainfall, air conditioner compressor, ceiling fan, and Qur’anic recitation) while performing Stroop tasks. Otoacoustic emission (OAE) suppression was measured to identify sounds with the greatest effect. (ii) Thirty-two participants with hyperacusis symptoms completed the Malay Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ-M) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18), and correlations between sound sensitivity and emotional regulation were analysed. (iii) Fifteen participants underwent six SCT sessions (25–30 minutes each), combining one of the three most suppressive sounds with working memory tasks. Pre- and postintervention HQ-M and DERS-18 scores were compared. Results: (i) Pink noise, waterfall, and white noise produced the greatest OAE suppression. (ii) A significant positive correlation was found between HQ-M and DERS-18 scores (r = 0.527, p < 0.05). (iii) Following SCT, HQ-M scores were significantly reduced (p < 0.001, d = 0.93), and DERS-18 scores showed moderate improvement (p = 0.002, d = 0.37). Conclusion: SCT demonstrates potential in alleviating sound sensitivity and enhancing emotional regulation among individuals with hyperacusis. Data collection and analysis are ongoing to further substantiate these preliminary findings
LED street lighting in Malaysia: performance evaluation and barriers to implementation
No full textStreet lighting plays a critical role in enhancing city aesthetics and minimising accidents and injuries by providing crucial illumination in public spaces, especially at dawn and dusk. However, Malaysia's street lighting system faces challenges related to energy efficiency, sustainability, and technology integration, as traditional lighting technologies are known for high energy consumption and light pollution. Thus, recognizing these issues, this paper is prepared with the objective to present the outcome of comparative study between the present conventional streetlights and the newly emerging technology of light-emitting diode (LED) with specific reference to energy and performance efficiency. The study employed a qualitative research strategy that in compasses of semi-structured interview with professionals that have established knowledge, skills, and experience actively engaged in streetlight projects in Malaysia. The study outcome revealed that the LED is deemed appropriate to enhance the visibility as compared to the present conventional streetlights. The adoption of LED street lighting in Malaysia presents a strategic move toward achieving national sustainability goals, offering enhanced energy and performance efficiency compared to conventional systems. Despite higher initial costs, LEDs contribute to reduced energy consumption, lower environmental impact, and improved urban infrastructure—aligning directly with Malaysia’s green agenda and the global targets of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities
Efficiency assessment of zakat institution in Malaysia: evidence from the DEA-BCC model
No full textZakat institutions in Malaysia play a vital role in promoting economic and social well-being through the systematic collection and distribution of zakat. However, concerns regarding inefficiency, such as the inability to adequately meet recipients' needs and declining public trust, have raised questions regarding their operational effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency levels of zakat institutions in Malaysia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): the BCC model. The analysis involves a panel of fourteen State Islamic Religious Councils where each of them is treated as Decision-Making Units (DMU) to the BCC model. The model incorporates three input variables: number of staff, number of zakat payers, number of zakat recipients (asnaf) and two output variables: total zakat collected, and total zakat distributed. Result indicates that seven institutions achieved full efficiency scores (ɵ = 1), indicating optimal performance relative to their peers. This outcome valuable for policymakers and zakat administrators aiming to enhance institutional performance, increase transparency, and restore public confidence. By strengthening redistribution mechanisms and ensuring a visible impact on beneficiaries, efficient zakat management can improve compliance, promote social justice, and contribute to sustainable socio-economic development in Malaysia
Ibadah camp 2025 module 6 theme “Islamic civilisation as saviour of mankind: how to reconstruct it”
No full textThis module of Ibadah Camp 2025 advances the theme “Islamic Civilisation as Saviour of Mankind: How to Reconstruct It” by translating creed and character into structured practice for KENMS staff. Grounded in Qur’anic ethics and IIUM’s mission, the programme combines spiritual cultivation (congregational prayers, qiyam al-layl, al-Mathurat, tajwid, tadabbur), communal learning (talks, tazkirah, media screening), and embodied teamwork (traditional explorace, riadah). Conducted on- and off-campus, the two-day design strengthens brotherhood, renews niyyah, and situates participants within Malaysia’s civilisational heritage through visits to the Islamic Arts Museum and Masjid Negara. The module targets character formation of da’ie and murabbi, aligning personal worship with professional roles, and linking ethics with leadership, service, and community impact. Content addresses integrity, the Sahifah al-Madinah, and contemporary ethical malaise, culminating in a collective resolution. A standard evaluation instrument captures relevance, delivery, and outcomes. Anticipated results include deeper God-consciousness, improved teamwork, more explicit commitment to mardhatillah, and practical routines that embed ibadah in daily work. Ultimately, the ‘Ibadah Camp frames civilisational reconstruction as a lived process—beginning with self, radiating through institutions, and benefiting society with justice, knowledge, and mercy. It offers a replicable module for faculty development, aligning transformation with organisational culture, KPI delivery, and service to the ummah
Assessing Digital Readiness of Border SMEs: A Comparative Study Between Bengkalis and Muar
Get PDFThis study aims to assess and compare the digital readiness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) located in the border regions of Bengkalis, Indonesia, and Muar, Malaysia, as they confront the accelerating demands of Industry 4.0. The objectives are to identify the level of technological adoption, evaluate the enabling and inhibiting factors for digital transformation, and determine the role of local ecosystems in supporting SME digitalization in these two geographically connected but administratively distinct areas. Despite growing interest in digital economy initiatives across Southeast Asia, border-area SMEs remain under-researched, especially in terms of their preparedness for digital competition and cross-border market integration.Aquantitative comparative approach was employed using structured questionnaires distributed to 100 SMEs, equally divided between Bengkalis and Muar. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlation analyses to highlight readinessgaps and similarities across key dimensions such as infrastructure, skills, organizational strategy, and external support systems.This research is significant for policymakers, development agencies, and academic communities interested in narrowing the digital divide and strengthening cross-border SME ecosystems. The findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of targeted interventions, particularly through Penta-helix collaboration involving government, academia, private sector, media, and communities, to boost SME competitiveness and sustainability in border regions.The study underscores the need for localized digital strategies that recognize socio-economic and cultural differences across national boundarie
[AR] Dawr Wasa'il al-Tawasul al-Ijtima'i al-'Arabiyyah wa al-Malayuwiyyah fi al-Hadd min Tafashshi al-Lahn wa Isna' al-Kifayah al-Lughawiyyah The Role of Arabic and Malay Social Media in Curbing the Spread of Linguistic Errors and Promoting Linguistic Competence
No full textThis study deals with the role played by social media in reducing the spread of common linguistic errors and improving linguistic competence among students, as well as those interested in the Arabic language and keen to learn it. The researcher adopted the analytical inductive approach, and the study yielded several results, including: There are many terms that indicate a departure from the linguistic norm among Arabs, including: incorrect pronunciation, mistake, and error, and there is no dispute over the term; old and contemporary sources used all of these terms, and social media also plays an important role in serving the Arabic language and reducing - to some extent – these linguistic errors. This is done in a direct way represented by linguistic corrections, and an indirect way manifested in linguistic refinement by enhancing the linguistic skills through the content related to Arabic syntax, morphology linguistic differences
