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Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Antidesma orthogyne extract and their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities
Full text linkThe green synthesis approach using plant extracts is preferable due to its effectiveness in producing nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, Antidesma orthogyne leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO-NPs. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight, and the synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against selected microorganisms using the disc diffusion method, while cytotoxicity was assessed on MCF-7 human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma cells via MTT assay. The results showed that pH 12 was the optimal condition for ZnO-NP synthesis, yielding NPs with an average size of 131.1 nm and an absorption peak at 351 nm. SEM images indicated slight aggregation, while XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO-NPs. FTIR and EDX analyses confirmed the formation of ZnO-NPs, and TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 700°C. In terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, the ZnO-NPs exhibited notable activities in both assays. Hence, these findings suggest that A. orthogyne extract effectively facilitates ZnO-NP synthesis, producing NPs with potential biomedical applications
Exploring the contributions of Islamic beliefs and practices to the physical and mental health of older people: a systematic literature review
No full textIn recent decades, Islamic countries have undergone significant demographic shifts, with a noticeable increase in the proportion of older people. Religion, particularly Islam, plays a crucial role in helping older people overcome challenges such as loneliness, declining health, and the loss of loved ones. However, insufficient systematic reviews have been conducted on the literature on aged care from an Islamic perspective, illustrating that extensive studies in this field are required. Thus, the aim of the current paper was to bridge this gap by examining how Islamic beliefs and practices contribute to the physical and mental health of older people. Utilizing the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases, in addition to the gray literature, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken in August 2024. The inclusion criteria involved experimental, non-experimental, observational, and qualitative studies involving individuals aged 60 and above, with a focus on Islamic involvement. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The inclusion of 29 articles was supported by the methodological quality assessments. Four themes were identified: Islamic principles in care for older people; Islamic values and mental health; Islamic-based interventions and health outcomes; and spiritual needs and older people care. The integration of Islamic values into the care of older people offers a holistic approach that improves their physical and mental health. Future healthcare policies and guidelines should emphasize spiritual care as an essential element in care for older people to provide a more comprehensive and effective care approach
Readiness of final-year nursing students towards giving health education to caregivers of critically ill clients after transfer out of ICU
No full textIntroduction: Critically ill patients often require complex care even after discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and caregivers become crucial in providing continuous care at home. Preparing nursing students to educate these caregivers is essential to ensuring quality patient outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the readiness of final-year nursing students in providing health education to caregivers of critically ill patients following ICU discharge, focusing on their knowledge, skills and awareness, and confidence. The study also examined whether gender had a significant association with these competencies. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, targeting 102 final-year nursing students at IIUM Kuantan. Participants were recruited using census sampling. Data collection was conducted from March to April 2025 through a self-administered online survey consisting of the Health Education Competency Instrument (I-Cepse) and the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 27 for descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests. Results: Most students demonstrated high levels of knowledge (78.4%) and confidence (73.5%). However, a lower proportion (39.2%) reported high levels of skills and awareness. Gender showed no significant association with any of the readiness variables. Notably, knowledge was significantly associated with confidence (p < 0.05) and showed a borderline association with skills and awareness (p = 0.051). Conclusion: While final year nursing students are well-prepared theoretically, practical and communication skills related to caregiver education require further strengthening. The curriculum should incorporate simulation, interprofessional training, and caregiver engagement strategies to ensure holistic readines
Structural elucidation of a novel dual-substituted thiosemicarbazone scaffold as an efficient copper corrosion inhibitor: Insights from RSM, XPS, and DFT–Fukui analyses
Full text linkCopper corrosion in acidic environments poses significant challenges in industrial systems, yet limited research has explored dual substitution within thiosemicarbazone scaffolds to enhance adsorption behavior and establish
structure–reactivity correlations. This study reports the structural elucidation and inhibition performance of a newly designed dual-substituted thiosemicarbazone inhibitor, pyrazinyl–thiosemicarbazone–aminophenyl
(PZTAP), developed for efficient copper protection in hydrochloric acid. The molecule integrates a pyrazinyl ring at N(1) and a 2-aminophenyl group at N(4), forming a conjugated donor–acceptor system that strengthens
surface interactions. Corrosion inhibition was evaluated using gravimetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with optimization via response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions (40.95 ◦ C, 2.65 M HCl, 0.63 mM, 12.55 h), PZTAP achieved inhibition efficiencies of 93.78 % (weight loss) and 94.32 % (EIS), with strong agreement between predicted and experimental models (R² > 0.99, CV < 2 %). Langmuir isotherm fitting revealed a spontaneous chemisorption mechanism (ΔG◦ads = 40.83 kJ mol⁻¹), supported by Cu–N and Cu–S bonding identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a protective surface film. Theoretical results showed a favorable HOMO–LUMO gap (4.04 eV), high HOMO energy ( 6.33 eV), and notable global softness (0.4957 eV⁻¹), correlating with efficient electron donation to copper. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Fukui function analyses identified C = S and C = N groups as dominant nucleophilic adsorption centers. This integrated experimental–theoretical
investigation demonstrates that dual substitution significantly enhances donor–acceptor interactions and adsorption strength, establishing PZTAP as a high-efficiency, structure-guided corrosion inhibitor for copper in acidic media
Introduction: framing the future of Asian cities
No full textThis introductory chapter, Introduction: Framing the Future of Asian Cities, provides an overview of the central themes and discussions featured in Future of Cities in Asia. It delves into the ongoing urban transformations across Asia, driven by rapid urbanisation, technological progress, and the increasing effects of climate change. The chapter explains how urban planning, governance, and sustainability adapt to these developments. It reviews each chapter, shedding light on crucial topics like the lack of planning, the emergence of smart cities, environmental resilience in coastal areas, and the changing nature of workspaces within urban environments. This chapter lays the groundwork for detailed examinations of how Asian cities address the multifaceted challenges of modern urbanisation while seizing opportunities for sustainable, inclusive, and resilient growth. It advocates for comprehensive strategies that combine technological innovation with social equality and environmental sustainability to shape the future of urban life
Natural pigments: sources, properties, and health benefits
No full textNatural Pigments: Sources, Properties, and Health Benefits delves into the world of natural pigments, bridging nature and modern science. It explores their diverse sources, from plants to microalgae, highlighting their unique properties and applications in industries like food preservation, sustainable architecture, and traditional medicine. The book also emphasizes the growing significance of natural black pigments, especially tannins, in eco-friendly solutions. Additionally, it addresses natural red pigments, focusing on extraction methods and innovative applications across various sectors, including textiles and pharmaceuticals.
Special attention is given to green pigments and their role in halal food technology, impacting food preservation and sustainability. Drawing on interdisciplinary research, this book provides insights into the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and therapeutic potential of natural pigments. It further explores their use in smart packaging, sustainable design, and cultural heritage preservation.
With contributions from experts in the field, this volume is an essential resource for researchers, industry professionals, and sustainability advocates. It offers a comprehensive view of how natural pigments are revolutionizing modern industries while contributing to a more sustainable, eco-friendly future. The book highlights the power of nature’s pigments in enhancing human well-being and shaping a greener tomorrow
اعتراضات هارون بن موسى القرطبي (401 هـ) على المبرِّد (285 هـ) في نقوده على سيبويه (180 هـ): عرضٌ وتحليلٌ = The objections of Hārūn ibn Mūsā al-Qurṭubī (d. 401 AH) to al-Mubarrid (d. 285 AH) in his critiques of Sībawayh (d. 180 AH): a presentation and analysis
No full textتناول عدد من علماء النحو البارزين كتاب سيبويه بالنقد والمراجعة، إما بتصحيح ما رأوه من أخطاء أو بإكمال ما اعتبروه نقائص. وكان من أبرز هؤلاء المبرد (285ه)، الذي وجَّه نقودًا صريحة لبعض آراء سيبويه النحوية. وقد تصدى له هارون بن موسى القرطبي (401ه)، أحد علماء الأندلس في القرن الخامس الهجري، في كتابه (شرح عيون كتاب سيبويه)، معترضًا على تلك الانتقادات ومدافعًا عن سيبويه. بلغ عدد اعتراضات القرطبي سبعة، اختير منها في هذا البحث أربعة نماذج، وقد دُرست دراسة مفصلة باستخدام منهج وصفي تحليلي، إذ يعرض البحث آراء سيبويه، ونقود المبرد، واعتراضات القرطبي، مع مناقشة آراء علماء آخرين تناولوا المسائل ذاتها، ثم يُرجِّح بين الأقوال بحسب ما تقتضيه الشواهد اللغوية والأدلة النحوية. وتوصّل البحث إلى جملة من النتائج، من أبرزها: أن اعتراضات القرطبي لم تكن دفاعًا تقليديًا عن سيبويه، بل قامت على وعي نحوي دقيق، وموازنة علمية بين الأقوال، وأن بعض نقود المبرِّد وُجِّهت من منطلق منهجي مختلف لا من خلل في أصول نظرية سيبويه. كما أبرز البحث إسهام القرطبي في ترسيخ منهج نقدي قائم على التحليل والاستدلال، مما يبرز مكانته في تاريخ النقد النحوي ويكشف عن بعدٍ فاعل في تلقي كتاب سيبويه ومناقشة قضاياه.
***** Several prominent grammarians approached Sībawayh’s Book with criticism and revision, either by correcting what they perceived as errors or by completing what they regarded as deficiencies. Among the most notable of these was al-Mubarrad (d. 285 AH), who directed explicit criticisms at some of Sībawayh’s grammatical views. These criticisms were countered by Hārūn ibn Mūsā al-Qurṭubī (d. 401 AH), one of the Andalusian scholars of the fifth century AH, in his work Sharḥ ʿUyūn Kitāb Sībawayh, where he objected to those critiques and defended Sībawayh.
The number of al-Qurṭubī’s objections amounts to seven, of which four models were selected for this study. These were examined in detail using a descriptive–analytical methodology, whereby the study presents Sībawayh’s views, al-Mubarrad’s criticisms, and al-Qurṭubī’s objections, alongside a discussion of the opinions of other scholars who addressed the same issues. The study then weighs and prefers between the views in light of linguistic evidence and grammatical proofs.
The research arrived at a set of findings, most notably that al-Qurṭubī’s objections were not a form of conventional or uncritical defense of Sībawayh; rather, they were grounded in precise grammatical awareness and a rigorous scholarly comparison of opinions. It also showed that some of al-Mubarrad’s criticisms stemmed from a different methodological approach rather than from any flaw in the foundational principles of Sībawayh’s theory. Moreover, the study highlights al-Qurṭubī’s contribution to consolidating a critical method based on analysis and reasoning, which underscores his position in the history of grammatical criticism and reveals an active dimension in the reception of Sībawayh’s Book and the discussion of its issues
منهجية القرآن في التعامل مع ظاهرة الاكتناز: دراسة تحليلية في أبعادها النفسية والتربوية والاجتماعية = The Qur’anic methodology in addressing the phenomenon of hoarding: an analytical study of its psychological, educational, and social dimensions
No full textتُعالج هذه الدراسة موضوع منهجية القرآن في التعامل مع ظاهرة الاكتناز، وهي ظاهرة سلوكية متجذرة في النفس البشرية تقوم على جمع المال وتكديسه دون أداء حقوقه الشرعية أو إنفاقه في وجوه الخير. تتمثّل إشكالية البحث في أنّ الدراسات النفسية والاجتماعية الحديثة عالجت الاكتناز باعتباره اضطرابًا معرفيًا وسلوكيًا أو ظاهرة اجتماعية مؤثرة في العلاقات الأسرية، لكنها أغفلت الرؤية القرآنية التي تقدم علاجاً متكاملاً تجمع بين البعد النفسي والتربوي والاجتماعي. ومن هنا جاء هدف البحث متمثلًا في بيان منهجية القرآن الكريم في معالجة الاكتناز، واستنباط الأبعاد النفسية والتربوية والاجتماعية التي تبرز من خلال النصوص القرآنية ذات الصلة. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال جمع الآيات المتعلقة بالاكتناز واستقرائها في سياقاتها المختلفة، وعلى المنهج التحليلي الاستنباطي لتحليل النصوص واستخلاص الدلالات القرآنية، ثم استنباط أبعادها النفسية والتربوية والاجتماعية. وتوصل البحث إلى أنّ القرآن الكريم عالج الاكتناز من خلال تأصيل قيم الاعتدال والقناعة، والتحذير من نتائجه النفسية المتمثلة في القلق والاضطراب، والتربوية المتمثلة في غرس البخل والأنانية في الأجيال، والاجتماعية المتمثلة في تعميق الفجوة الطبقية وتعطيل حركة المال في المجتمع. كما يبرز القرآن أن العلاج يكمن في تزكية النفس بالإنفاق، وتحريك المال في دورة اقتصادية عادلة، وربط السلوك المادي بالمصير الأخروي. وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة الإفادة من منهج القرآن في بناء برامج تربوية معاصرة تعالج النزعة الاستهلاكية والادخارية السلبية، وتعزيز ثقافة العطاء والتكافل الاجتماعي، فضلًا عن توظيف هذه المنهجية في السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي تستهدف العدالة والتنمية. إن الأثر الأبرز لهذه الدراسة يتمثل في تقديم رؤية قرآنية متكاملة تتجاوز الطرح النفسي والاجتماعي الجزئي في الدراسات الغربية، وتفتح آفاقًا جديدة لتفعيل النص القرآني في معالجة ظواهر سلوكية واقتصادية معاصرة.
This study addresses the Qur’anic methodology in dealing with the phenomenon of hoarding, a behavioral tendency deeply rooted in human nature, characterized by the accumulation and storage of wealth without fulfilling its obligatory rights or spending it in charitable causes. The research problem lies in the fact that modern psychological and social studies have examined hoarding as a cognitive-behavioral disorder or as a social phenomenon affecting family relations, yet they have overlooked the Qur’anic perspective, which provides a comprehensive approach that integrates psychological, educational, and social dimensions. The aim of this study is to clarify the Qur’anic methodology in addressing hoarding and to derive the psychological, educational, and social dimensions highlighted in the relevant Qur’anic texts. The research employs the inductive method by collecting and examining verses related to hoarding in their various contexts, alongside the analytical–deductive method to interpret the texts, extract Qur’anic meanings, and deduce their psychological, educational, and social implications. The findings reveal that the Qur’an addresses hoarding by establishing values of moderation and contentment, warning against its psychological consequences such as anxiety and distress, its educational outcomes such as instilling miserliness and selfishness in future generations, and its social impacts such as deepening class divisions and disrupting the circulation of wealth in society. The Qur’an further emphasizes that the remedy lies in self-purification through spending, ensuring fair economic circulation, and linking material conduct to ultimate accountability in the Hereafter. The study recommends drawing on the Qur’anic methodology to develop contemporary educational programs that counteract consumerist and negative saving behaviors, promote a culture of generosity and social solidarity, and incorporate these principles into economic and social policies aimed at justice and development. The main contribution of this research lies in presenting a comprehensive Qur’anic vision that transcends the partial psychological and social approaches of Western studies and opens new horizons for activating the Qur’an in addressing contemporary behavioral and economic challenges