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Exploring the role of cooperatives in maize circular economy adoptions for sustainable food security in Malaysia
No full textSustainable food security has emerged as a critical issue in Malaysia, where maize agriculture continues to be vulnerable given constraints in local production and dependence on imported provisions. The present qualitative study aims to investigate the contribution of agricultural cooperatives in developing maize agriculture, transforming it into what is referred to as the circular economy that would serve food security and sustainability. Informed by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and Circular Economy Theory, this study has discussed how cooperative involvement stimulates the adoption of the circular economy and enhances agricultural strength in the long run. Primary data has been collected through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted among five respondents of Malaysian maize farmers from Kedah state. Thematic analysis of the study shows that cooperatives are transformative, by promoting knowledge sharing, resources and finance in the society. Farmers practiced circular economy, such as composting of maize residues, application of organic fertilizers and utilization for rearing animal feed. These measures led to a decrease in production costs, soil fertility enhancement and increasing yield sustainability. The study finds a robust mediating relationship that circular economy adoption connects cooperative participation to the sustainable food security impact. In this way, the cooperatives perform as social and economic brokers that instantiate sustainability through collective learning and innovation. Findings highlight the relevance of policy schemes that can contribute to enhancing maize production capability and incentive mechanisms for promoting circular economy education and green finance. Therefore, the study shows that cooperatives hold a potential role in transforming Malaysia’s maize agriculture toward regenerative, inclusive and sustainable food supply as seen by the Malaysian national Agrofood Policy 2.0 and Shared Prosperity Vision 2030
Exploring election prediction outcomes on social media data using machine learning algorithms
Get PDFSocial media analytics (SMA) is immensely used to investigate public sentiment and provide real-time insights into politics and business strategy. In addition, social media analytics has been employed in predicting election results by leveraging machine learning (ML) models in extensive datasets created from user- generated content on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. SMA can be highly effective in this domain, yet issues concerning authenticity and reliability persist. These data manipulations are driven by misinformation, influenced by bots, and reflect a limited representation of social media users in the electorate correspondence. This paper explores how sentiment analysis (SA) and use of ML can enhance election prediction for overcoming the identified issues. This study will evaluate Naive Bayes, random forest, and long short-term memory networks for their effectiveness in predicting election outcomes based on social media SA. Despite the potential for distortion from misinformation, these models demonstrate a prediction accuracy of 94% as shown in case studies. It also addresses how traditional methods of data collection through surveying can enhance SMA, offering a more balanced perspective on public opinion and minimizing biases present in social media data. These findings highlight that SA and ML have the potential to predict election outcomes. However, future research should prioritize the authenticity and diversity of data sources. A reduction in misinformation, achieved without relying on one single platform would lead to improved election predictions. This paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating traditional and digital sources to enhance the reliability of political predictions, complementing the insights gained from SMA
The role of big data in transforming communities and shaping the future
Get PDFBig Data plays a central role in the progress and development of society, reshaping the ways in which societies function and determine the future across a variety of industries. Its value from the economic standpoint is evident from its capacity to improve decision-making, enhance economic growth, and raise living standards. Big Data encompasses numerous opportunities and challenges, centered on such points as optimizing project management, fostering socioeconomic development, and data privacy management. It allows better planning because it enables a much more understandable and quicker decision-making experience from which the response time can be reduced and risk management, operational resolutions straightforward. It takes less time for changes to be made and eliminates enterprise-related risks, thereby advancing risk management. The greatest contribution from an economic angle is made to social and economic development, encouraging sustainable development and shedding light on the new perspectives emerging indicators can offer. Nevertheless, successfully realizing the full transformative potential of Big Data implies overcoming certain obstacles and solving numerous ethical issues related to the extensive use of data. To overcome these challenges is critical to ensure that Big Data does make a difference in society and helps to improve the lives of people everywhere
AI dalam pendidikan perubatan: ganti atau bantu pensyarah?
No full textDi sebuah bilik kuliah perubatan, seorang pelajar tahun pertama mengangkat telefon bimbitnya. Dengan satu arahan mudah kepada aplikasi AI, muncul imej 3D otak manusia yang boleh diputarkan dari pelbagai sudut. Penerangan ringkas, siap dengan animasi, terpapar serentak di skrin. Dia kagum, kerana pengalaman yang dulu memerlukan berjam-jam di makmal anatomi kini boleh diperoleh dalam sekelip mata. Teknologi memberi keselesaan yang tidak pernah terbayang satu dekad lalu. Namun, di sebalik kekaguman itu, timbul kerisauan, jika AI mampu mengajar dengan begitu pantas, apakah peranan pensyarah perubatan kelak? Adakah doktor masa depan akan belajar lebih banyak daripada mesin berbanding manusia? Persoalan ini bukan sekadar isu pelajar university, sebaliknya menyentuh kita semua, kerana sebagai pesakit kita mahu doktor yang bukan sahaja cekap, tetapi juga mampu menenangkan hati, menatap dengan empati, dan memilih rawatan yang sesuai dengan hidup kita
The restriction of 'only' and negation and exception in verses with similar words: a descriptive, analytical, and comparative study = القصر بـــِ "إنما" وبالنفي والاستثناء في الآيات المتشابهات الألفاظ: دراسة وصفية تحليلية مقارنية
No full textإن من دلائل إعجاز كلام الله أن لكل بناء نحوي معنى يتميز به عن سائر الأبنية النحوية، وقد تطرق إلى معاني الأبنية النحوية الإمام عبد القاهر الجرجاني حين نظّر لأساليب القصر، فميّز بين القصر بإنما والقصر بالنفي والاستثناء. يهدف البحث إلى تتبع دلالات القصر بإنما والقصر بالنفي والاستثناء في القرآن الكريم، وتطبيق تلك الدلالات على مجموعة من الآيات المتشابهات الألفاظ. يعتمد هذا البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارِن، حيث يتم جمع المعلومات من المصادر التراثية والدراسات العلمية البلاغية، ثم تحليل ست آيات متشابهة في الألفاظ وفق أسس التحليل اللغوي والبلاغي. ومن أهم النتائج أن التنوع الأسلوبي بين الآيات يعكس دقة البيان القرآني في مراعاة حال المخاطَبين، ويُبرز في الوقت ذاته الإعجاز البياني والدلالي للقرآن الكريم في إيصال المعنى بما يلائم المقام والسياق
Circular insights - charting Malaysia’s path to sustainable product design
No full textMalaysian consumers today enjoy widespread access to high-quality products, ranging from those produced by large corporations and local manufacturers to affordable daily necessities imported from abroad. The rise of giant online shopping platforms has further revolutionised access to goods, offering everything from personal care items and household products to furniture, garments, and wearables, all at reasonable prices and often of commendable quality. This convenience and doorstep delivery have undeniably elevated the living standards of many. However, this abundance is emblematic of a linear economy model, where products, once they reach the end of their useful life, contribute to the growing waste crisis; a problem Malaysia is currently struggling to address. This chapter reflects on this scenario, examining the onsequences of a linear economy, explaining the principles of a circular economy, and exploring the concept of product obsolescence. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities in transitioning to a circular economy approach for product design in Malaysia, offering brief insights into how the country can move towards a more sustainable and regenerative future
Fish immunity against nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection: a review
No full textFish are unique organisms fitted with a certain degree of immune system that are similar to mammals; consists of innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity comprised of non-specific cellular and the nonspecific humoral components while adaptive immunity consists of specialized systemic cells and mechanisms that are categorized into two main groups: the humoral and cellular components. In response to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection, both innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms play crucial roles. NNV invasion in fish triggers phagocytosis by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These cells process viral proteins into peptide fragments, presenting them on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, a crucial protein component that initiate specific adaptive immune response against NNV infection. This will eventually activate adaptive immunity pathway to stimulate the proliferation and maturation of the B cells. As B cells matured, antibodies will be produced to suppress the pathogen through series of process known as opsonization and neutralization before phagocytosis takes place. Following secondary exposure with the same antigen, B cells will rapidly proliferate, releasing significant number of antibodies to fight the antigen. Overall, this review elucidates the complex interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses in fish, highlighting their crucial roles in combating NNV infection through mechanisms such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and antibody production
AquaLink in HAB detection: integrating IoT and 3D-printed PETG for monitoring aquaculture conditions conducive to HAB
Get PDFHarmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a serious threat to aquaculture and
environmental health, often resulting in considerable ecological and economic impacts. Conventional water quality monitoring techniques, often
manual and time-consuming, are inadequate for the timely detection of conditions that promote HAB formation. To overcome these limitations, the
AquaLink system was developed by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT)
technology with 3D-printed polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) enclosures, enabling scalable, real-time, and cost-e�ective monitoring of water
quality. The system employs sensors to measure essential parameters, including atmospheric pressure, temperature, and turbidity, with data transferred through Raspberry Pi and ESP32 controllers to an IoT dashboard
for real-time analysis and visualisation. PETG-based casings were combined with IoT-enabled sensors to improve durability and reduce biofouling in aquatic environments. Prototypes were tested across di�erent water
bodies to validate performance under real-world conditions. The results
demonstrated that the system e�ectively provided real-time monitoring of
aquaculture environments, allowing the early identi�cation of HAB risks
through continuous tracking of water quality indicators. Beyond its technical contributions, AquaLink o�ers societal bene�ts by serving as a low-cost,
e�cient tool that reduces �sh mortality, limits environmental degradation,
and enhances food security. The �exibility and scalability of the system
make it applicable to small-scale and industrial aquaculture operations,
fostering sustainable practices through advanced environmental monitoring