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The role of virtual reality in shaping mosque tourism: cognitive and emotional responses across generations
No full textDespite the growing use of VR in tourism, there is limited understanding of how VR experiences in religious contexts, specifically mosque tourism, influence visitors' perceptions and intentions. This study examines the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) mosque tourism on visitors' cognitive and emotional reactions, with a focus on how different generational groups (X, Y, Z) in Malaysia interact with VR experiences. The primary objective is to evaluate how VR experiences shape visitors' perceptions of authenticity, emotional engagement, and their behavioral intentions to physically visit mosque sites. A quantitative approach, including descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA, was used to analyze data from 300 participants who had engaged with VR mosque tourism. The results reveal that VR-based authentic experiences significantly affect visitors' cognitive and emotional responses, with emotional responses having the most pronounced effect on the intention to visit mosques. Furthermore, notable generational differences in perceptions of authenticity were found, with Generation Y providing the highest ratings. The study highlights the importance of considering generational differences when designing VR tourism experiences and emphasizes the potential of VR to influence future tourism behaviors. These findings contribute to the expanding research on immersive technologies in tourism, particularly within religious and cultural settings
A conceptual framework: event-based cybersecurity risk assessment for organisations
No full textThe current phenomenon of the interconnected digital world has heightened exposure to cyber risks, emphasising the critical need for robust cybersecurity risk management within organisations. Cybersecurity risk management encompasses identifying, assessing, and mitigating threats to protect individuals, organisations, and nations from cyber risks. Central to this process is the cybersecurity risk assessment, a fundamental exercise aimed at understanding and mitigating potential cyber threats. There are two primary risk assessment approaches: event-based and asset-based approaches. While current literatures are mostly focused on an asset-based approach, this study delves into the event-based approach by exploring potential cyber-attacks that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital data, posing significant cybersecurity risks to organisations. Despite technological advancements and the increasing complexity of cyber threats, organisations’ predominant reliance on an asset-based approach to cybersecurity risk assessment may not adequately address the evolving nature of cyber risks. Furthermore, there is a lack of harmonisation between scholarly and established cybersecurity frameworks based on international standards, such as those by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO). This paper synthesises existing frameworks from ISO, NIST and academic research and proposes recommendations to guide organisations in implementing an event-based approach to cybersecurity risk assessment
Mechanisms of philosophical reasoning and their Importance in achieving quality of life
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyze the role and importance of philosophical reasoning in directing and enhancing quality of life by offering proper awareness, methods, and philosophical thinking skills. These skills are an integral part of the philosophical mind, which seeks wisdom, sound judgment, and human welfare. The paper argues that quality of life, in its comprehensive and civilizational sense—which balances material and spiritual, intellectual and psychological, individual and collective, as well as innate and acquired needs—is a human necessity and an objective that must be pursued in both individual and societal realities. The quality of life discussed here is based on the principle of human value, dignity, and the vital role of humans as rational, thoughtful, and conscious stewards of the earth. Humans are tasked with advancing civilizational development, building a balanced, responsible society that provides the conditions for well-being, prosperity, tranquility, goodness, moral distinction,
and material, spiritual, social, and cultural excellence for individuals and the human community, in all its diversity of cultures, peoples, civilizations, and shared values. The paper proposes the importance of organized and diligent efforts to build a far-sighted philosophical mind engaged in responsible philosophical reasoning. This requires promoting intellectual and philosophical education and enhancing skills such as reflection, contemplation, analysis, reasoning, dialogue, and creativity. These are key to sound thinking at all stages of educational and societal learning
Theories and principles of urban and regional planning
No full textThe theory of urban and regional planning is a conceptual framework that guides the design, development, and management of cities and regions. It encompasses a set of ideas, principles, and methodologies used to understand, analyse and solve urban and regional challenges and problems. This theory draws from various disciplines, including geography, sociology, economics, architecture, environmental science, and political science, to create cohesive, co-existence and sustainable spaces. Thus, this book can be used in many inter-related fields in the built environment. This book addresses the pertinent topics related to urban and regional planning such as transportation planning, environmental planning and housing planning
Ethical and sustainable finance: integrating Islamic principles
Get PDFIn recent years, the concept of sustainable finance has garnered significant attention within the global financial landscape. With growing concerns over environmental degradation, social inequality, and ethical considerations, there has been a notable shift towards integrating sustainability principles into financial practices. Concurrently, Islamic finance, guided by the principles of Shariah law and ethical practice, has emerged as a distinctive and rapidly expanding segment of the global financial system. Within this context, the convergence of sustainability and Islamic finance principles has given rise to the concept of Ethical and Sustainable Finance (ESF)
Contemporary development in urban and regional planning
Get PDFUrban and regional planning plays a crucial role in shaping sustainable, functional, resilience and liveable communities. It involves the thoughtful design, development and management of urban forms to meet the needs of current and future generations. In addition, the exercise of urban and regional planning produces many positive outcomes, such as promoting sustainable development, improving quality of life, facilitating economic growth and supporting resilience to climate change, among others. In summary, urban planning is essential for creating cities that are sustainable, inclusive and resilient. By anticipating challenges and designing effective solutions, it ensures that urban areas remain vibrant and functional for future generations
The essential role of social mediation in the development of smart cities
No full textSocial mediation can play a significant role in promoting harmony in smart cities. Smart cities
are designed to enhance the quality of life of their residents, and social mediation can help address
social and community-related issues that are integral to achieving this goal. The paper therefore
introduces a model of social mediation training organized in collaboration with the Ministry of
National Unity, Malaysia. The training involved one hundred fifty (150) community leaders who
received coaching from a team of trainers from the International Islamic University Malaysia.
The objective of this paper therefore is to elucidate the theoretical and practical aspects of the
training. To achieve the objective, the authors adopted a qualitative approach and refer to online
and printed resources. Data was also gathered via observational methods and from the
participants’ feedback. Data analysis involved content and thematic analysis. It is learnt that more
community mediators need to be trained using the model as it is part of effective social capitals
management and governance of smart cities. In addition, there is a strong demand from the
community mediators for ongoing training on social mediation to enhance their skills and
confidence thereby contributing to the restoration of harmony within the communities of smart
cities
Naratif Baharu Bahasa: Menjenamakan Semula Bahasa Melayu
No full textBahasa melayu memerlukan naratif baharu. Naratif bahasa melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan mesti dirombak semula. Kita sedia maklum bahawa indonesia telah menggunakan bahasa kebangsaan secara meluas. Bahasa indonesia merupakan satu usaha penjenamaan semula negara bangsa indonesia oleh soekarno demi penyatuan bangsa dan sempadan negara seperti yang diimpikan oleh pejuang kemerdekaan negara tersebut
Optimizing formulation and synthesis conditions of red palm oil (RPO)-based nanoemulsions stabilized by tween 80
No full textNanoemulsion is an important class of nanomaterial that offers several advantages due to its improved stability and dispersibility in aqueous systems. In this preliminary study, oil-in-water nanoemulsions were synthesized using red palm oil (RPO). RPO was chosen for its high insoluble vitamin E content, a potent antioxidant that can reduce oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. The most suitable emulsifier, optimal formulation, and synthesis conditions to produce stable nanoemulsions were evaluated. A laser beam penetration test based on the Tyndall effect and light-scattering principles was used to confirm the presence of nanoemulsions qualitatively. The results indicate that Tween-80 produced the most stable and translucent nanoemulsion. The optimal formulation was found to have a weight ratio of 10:15:74:1 for RPO: Tween 80: water: glycerin. The optimal synthesis conditions were using the high-speed homogenizer at 15000 rpm for 40-minute synthesis time. The resulting nanoemulsions demonstrated stability suitable for further studies (e.g., physicochemical characterization, scale-up, and additional functionalization) for food and beverage application
Investigating adsorption isotherms and kinetics, and ecotoxicity of activated carbon from carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)
No full textThis study presents the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) waste as a sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Characterization by FTIR, SEM, and XRD confirmed the development of functional groups, a porous morphology, and a predominantly amorphous carbon structure in AC, with minor graphitic domains in CFRP. Adsorption tests using the methylene blue (MB) dye showed good performance, with the Langmuir isotherm resulting in the best-fitted model (adjusted R² = 0.88), indicating monolayer adsorption and pseudo-first-order kinetics (adjusted R² = 0.96). Thus, confirming concentration-dependent adsorption of MB by AC, produced from CFRP. Ecotoxicity evaluation using brine shrimp assay revealed an LC50 of 33.11 mg (or 3311 mg/L), suggesting moderate toxicity. These findings demonstrate that AC derived from CFRP exhibits strong adsorption efficiency with acceptable ecological risk, providing a viable pathway to convert CFRP waste into valuable materials for environmental remediatio