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Anomaly detection of denial-of-service network traffic attacks using autoencoders and isolation forest
No full textThis paper presents an unsupervised network-based anomaly detection framework that integrates deep autoencoders with the Isolation Forest algorithm. The framework analyzes extracted traffic features, including packet length and IP address patterns, to detect deviations from normal behaviour without requiring labelled data. Autoencoders reconstruct benign traffic to highlight subtle deviations, while Isolation Forest efficiently assigns anomaly scores to identify statistical outliers in large-scale, unlabelled datasets. Experimental evaluation shows that the Isolation Forest model achieves a low mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0065 with an accuracy of 9.79%, indicating stable anomaly score separation, whereas the standalone autoencoder records a substantially higher reconstruction error (MSE = 3.92 × 10¹?) and an accuracy of 6.09%, reflecting the difficulty of modelling complex and highly variable network traffic patterns. By combining both approaches, the proposed framework improves overall detection performance, achieving a higher accuracy of 13.55%, and demonstrates enhanced capability in detecting both volumetric and stealthy attacks, such as application-layer denial-of-service (DoS) traffic. Visualization of traffic behaviour further supports the analysis, revealing clearer separation between normal and anomalous flows when both models are integrated. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of statistical outlier detection and deep learning-based reconstruction, providing a practical foundation for adaptive and real-time anomaly monitoring in dynamic network environment
Perpustakaan universiti nadi transformasi RPTM 2026–2035
No full textPerpustakaan univeriti kini berperanan sebagai nadi transformasi menyokong ekosistem pembelajaran bersepadu. Perpustakaan menyediakan akses digital dan rujukan klinikal mudah untuk menyokong amalan perubatan berasaskan bukti.
Pustakawan membimbing penggunaan AI dan literasi maklumat secara beretika serta berpaksikan nilai kemanusiaan. Perpustakaan menyokong pendidikan inklusif dan kesejahteraan pelajar melalui kemudahan mesra OKU dan ruang refleksi
Perlunya fiqah kemasyhuran untuk agamawan muda
No full text“KES salah laku seksual yang melibatkan dua agamawan hasil rancangan realiti televisyen bercorak agama seharusnya menjadi muhasabah besar kepada semua pihak tentang pentingnya populariti dan kemasyhuran diurus dengan baik” Kenyataan di atas ialah keluhan teman penulis yang juga lulusan lepasan agama yang sudah berusia. Isu ini perlu diambil perhatian kerana persepsi boleh memberi kesan kepada integriti orang agama. Pernah satu malam Rasulullah SAW keluar dari masjid menghantar isterinya Safiyyah binti
Informational arrow of time in an extended two-qubit Page-Wooters model
No full textThe Page-Wootters (PaW) mechanism explains time as a relational phenomenon within a globally stationary quantum state. In a seminal optical realization, Moreva et al. demonstrated that conditioning on a clock photon yields apparent dynamics, while an external perspective sees stasis. We extend this framework by introducing auxiliary quantum systems that model the observer’s incomplete access to the universe. In a two-qubit PaW toy model, global unitaries act on subsystems of the total state, and tracing out inaccessible degrees of freedom induces effective noise on the observed system. This transformation converts reversible correlations into irreversible entropy growth. We show that the von Neumann entropy of conditional system states increases monotonically across successive clock readings, thereby defining an informational arrow of time. Analysis of dephasing and depolarizing channels illustrates how limited access to the universe naturally yields temporal asymmetry, providing an information-theoretic route to time’s arrow in finite quantum systems
Awakening the soul in Ramadhan
No full textIn the Muslim lunar calendar, Ramadhan is one of the most anticipated months by the Muslim Ummah. Long before the sighting of the crescent that marks the beginning of the fasting month, Muslims in many parts of the world begin their mental, spiritual, and physical preparations. One common expression of this early preparation is the observance of several days of optional fasting during the months of Rejab and Sya‘ban, in anticipation of the more demanding spiritual struggle of Ramadhan. For the many blessings of Ramadhan, to the vast majority of Muslims worldwide, Ramadhan is seen as a madrasah (school) that visits them every year. It teaches, trains, and disciplines them in many ways. It reminds them about the importance of time management, moderate food consumption, punctuality in carrying out their five daily prayers, reading of the Holy Qur’an, and many more good habits
Raising kids in the age of algorithms challenges of digital parenting
Full text linkWith the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the hyperconnected world of today, children's lives are becoming increasingly interconnected with technology. Parents understand and responsible the use of technology in raising kids. Although there are many advantages to modern technologies, parents also face many difficutties, including as worries about internet safety and the potential for technological addiction. The objective of this book chapter is to explore the key challenges parents face in managing their children's online activities as AI revolutions have transform
ways of living. This research used the PRISMA review process and a meta- literature analysis to assess pertinent literature from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2019 to 2025. The selected papers were analysed thoroughly to uncover the new themes that have been classified as the result. The present study makes a significant contribution to raising the standard of education by enabling parents to
mentor their children in the use technology revolution, in line with SDG4
Green Sukuk: leveraging Islamic finance for ecological sustainability
Full text linkGreen sukuk as a Shari’ah-compliant financial instrument has emerged as an important mechanism to finance sustainable projects that are environmentally friendly and adhere to Islamic ethical principles. This study explores the Islamic perspective on green sukuk, emphasizing its alignment with the objectives of Shari’ah (maqasid al-Shari’ah) in supporting environmental management and ecological sustainability. In addition, this study examines various green sukuk structures, including Murabahah, Istisna’, and Wakalah, demonstrating their adaptability to various financing needs. By analysing the relationship between Islamic values and green finance, this study highlights the role of green sukuk in addressing global environmental challenges, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia. With a positive trajectory, green sukuk issuance has the potential to continue. This study also identifies key challenges, such as the absence of a standardized green taxonomy, limited secondary market, and high compliance costs associated with certification and reporting. To address these challenges, this study proposes specific policy recommendations, such as regulatory harmonization, capacity building, and alignment with global sustainability frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings of this study indicate that green sukuk provide an innovative and ethical solution to finance sustainable development while strengthening the principles of Islamic finance
Kamus Bahasa Melayu - Bahasa Arab, Bahasa Arab - Bahasa Melayu
No full textKamus Kamus Bahasa Melayu - Bahasa Arab, Bahasa Arab - Bahasa Melayu (Al-Khalil edisi semakan 2026